Veliswa hydra: jikelele, iimpawu

iintlobo zezilwanyana ezahlukileyo, alondolozwe ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, kukho abaninzi. Phakathi kwazo izinto zamandulo ukuba iminyaka engaphezu kwama amathandathu, anamakhulu ezigidi isekhona buphindwe - hydra.

Inkcazelo yokuphila

bemi okuqhelekileyo amachibi, yamanzi liqhubu hydra ebizwa libhekisela coelenterates izilwanyana. Kuyinto gelatinous tube kwawo kubude 1 cm. Ekupheleni omnye, apho yintende yokuqala eziqhotyoshelwe kuyo izityalo nezilwanyana zasemanzini. Kwelinye icala kukho nomzimba siqhuqha kunye Ukuba kwisininzi (6 ukuya kwi-12) nemisipha. Bayakwazi ukuba olule ukuya iisentimitha eziliqela ubude kwaye asetyenziswa ukukhangela amaxhoba, nto leyo paralyzes lo emnweni hydra abuhlungu, kuqinisa Mpondwana yayo emlonyeni, wabaginya. Bakha isiseko daphnia ukutya, iingcongconi kwindawo, Qhotsa intlanzi, Cyclops. Kuxhomekeka umbala ukudla iyatshintsha kwaye epeyinta umzimba iyakhanya hydra.

Ngenxa ucutheko ukunyenyiswa iiseli emhlambini-and-kwezihlunu ukuba umzimba ungaxinanisa ze izokhula, wandise ukuya kwicala ngokucotha ukuzulazula. Ngamafutshane, kakhulu kwi intshukumo nokuphila ubomi elizimeleyo ezifana isisu amanzi hydra. Veliswa ke, nangona oku, kukho izinga noko eliphezulu kwaye ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

iintlobo hydra

Izazi iintlobo ezine polyp amatsha. Abasakwazi kancinane eyahlukileyo enye kwenye. iintlobo ezinkulu kunye nemisipha Imicu, izihlandlo ezininzi kunene ubude lomzimba, ebizwa Pelmatohydra oligactis (dlinnostebelchataya hydra). Olunye uhlobo, umzimba tapering entendeni, kuthiwa Hydra vulgaris okanye mdaka (common). Hydra attennata (obhityileyo okanye ingwevu) iyafana ukubonakala ngokulalisa yonke ubude tube ne kancinane elide, njengoko kuthelekiswa umzimba, nemisipha. Green hydra ebizwa Chlorohydra viridissima, ngoko igama ngenxa umbala wayo enengca, leyo kulinika ulwelwe olunye-ezineseli, leyo unikezele umzimba mpilo.

Iimpawu yokuza-

Oko ikhona nje kwaye ziyazala ngokwesondo asexually. Ehlotyeni xa amanzi ukufudumala, andisa hydra kwenzeka kakhulu amagqabi. iiseli besini esinye akhiwa kule ectoderm of hydra kuphela ekwindla, kunye kuqala ubusika. Xa ebusika, abantu abadala kufa, eshiya amaqanda apho isizukulwana esitsha ubonakala entwasahlobo.

agamobium

Xa iimeko zivuma, lo hydra idla ezityalwe yavelisa amagqabi. Ekuqaleni, kukho Buze okungephi eludongeni emzimbeni, oluzijikela ngcembe esigingqini encinci (kidney). Ngokuthe ngcembe, oku kwandisa ubukhulu, ekusoluleni kwaye edala nemisipha, phakathi esingasinceda siqwalasele umlomo. Ekuqaleni, lo Hydra oselula elidityaniswe emzimbeni kamama kunye uncedo Njengokungeniswa kwesithungu obhityileyo. Emva kwethutyana, inkqubo entsha esahlula kwaye iqala ubomi elizimeleyo. Le nkqubo efana kakhulu indlela izityalo iphuhlisa amathupha ukubaleka, ukuzala maqanda wabelithiyiwe yavelisa amagqabi hydra.

syngenesis

Xa ekuphumeni ufumana ebandayo okanye iimeko azikho kakuhle kakhulu ngenxa ubomi hydra (ichibi ezomileyo okanye nokuzila ukudla ixesha elide), kwi ectoderm ukuyilwa iiseli ngesondo. Umaleko engaphandle yenxalenye umzimba kwasekwa amaqanda, kwaye amaqhuma ethile (gonads oyindoda) ukuba zibekwe kufutshane emlonyeni, ukuphuhlisa isidoda. Ngamnye kubo a yomsila elide. Ngayo, isidoda inga siwa emanzini ukufikelela iqanda ndigalele umgquba. Ekubeni ngokwesondo ukuvelisa kwenzeka hydra ekwindla, le mbumba sigqunywe esingxotyeni zokuzikhusela isekelwe phezu emazantsi edamini ebusika, kwaye nokufika kwentwasahlobo uqala ukuphuhlisa.

cells lwegciwane

Ezi polyp amanzi kwi uninzi amatyala dioecious (sperm namaqanda kwakheka abantu ezahlukeneyo), hermaphroditism e Hydra kunqabile kakhulu. Ndikunye Ukupholisa lwenzeka kwi gonads ectoderm tab (gonadal). iiseli Sex zenzeka kumzimba hydra iiseli eliphakathi kwaye yahlulwe obhinqileyo (iqanda) kunye abangamadoda (sperm). Iqanda ifana amoeba kunye nonyawo wobuxoki. It likhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, lo gama ukufunxa iiseli intermediate ebumelwaneni. Ngexesha lokuvuthwa, ubukhulu yalo mm 0.5 1. Hydra ukuzala usebenzisa amaqanda wabiza ngesondo.

amadlozi zifana flagellate lenyama. Kokuphazamiseka umzimba hydra nezinejika emanzini ngoncedo iflagellum ezikhoyo, baya kufuna nabanye abantu.

kokukhulelwa

Xa isidoda ukudada ukuba abantu kunye iqanda ukungena ngaphakathi kwezi nuclei ukuxuba zombini iiseli. Emva kwale nkqubo, iseli uba imilo ajikelezayo ngakumbi kuba pseudopodia azotywe. Senziwe kumphezulu wayo kunye ezihlobene igobhogobho elinzima ngohlobo spikes. Phambi ekuqaleni kobusika Hydra uyafa. Iqanda kuhlala ephila yaye luqina yasebusika, ubehlala ezantsi ichibi de entlakohlaza. Xa imozulu intle efudumeleyo, overwintered iseli ukuqulatha iyaqhubeka ukuze akhule kwaye iqala ukukhula, kusekwe iziqalelo zokuqala sayo isisu, ngoko ke nemisipha. Emva koko ke iqokobhe kwamaqanda eyaphukileyo Ukhanyiso ke olo lwabonakala hydra abaselula.

kweemilo

Iimpawu hydra ukuzala ziquka kwaye amazing ubuchule bokulungisa, ngenxa yayo neenkcukacha zeposi ngamnye omtsha. Ukusuka umzimba intwana eyahlukileyo ezenza maxa wambi ngaphantsi kwesinye ekhulwini ngumthamo opheleleyo, ukuze zenze yonke ephilayo.

Kufuneka iziqwenga le hydra, njengoko senziwa kwangoko inkqubo ngokutsha, apho iqhekeza ngalinye uzuza nemisipha yawo emlonyeni odlayo. Nkqu ISAZINZULU ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe uqhuba umfuniselo, xa indlela ohambelana iihafu ezahlukeneyo hydraulic ifunyenwe nokuba Semiglavaya eziphilayo. Yaba ukususela ngoko ukuba liqhubu ahlambulukileyo got igama layo. Oku kungenza kuthathwa ngenye indlela ukuzala hydra.

Le hydra oluyingozi zima

Kuba intlanzi, ukuba imilinganiselo cm ngaphezulu kwe ezine, kodwa kuyingozi hydra. Kunoko, bakhonza njenge uhlobo olubonisa indlela kakuhle umnini ulondla iintlanzi. Ukuba ukutya unikwa kakhulu, yaphula amanzi alityatye amancinane, ngoko ungabona indlela ngokukhawuleza baqale phinda hydra kwi-akwariyam. Ukuzihlutha abona ukutya, ukunciphisa inani feed.

Kulo akwariyam, ikhaya intlanzi incinane kakhulu, okanye Qhotsa, ukuvela nonyebeleziso le hydra yi anobungozi. Oku kunokukhokelela ezahlukahlukeneyo iingxaki. Qhotsa Okokuqala shwaka, kunye neentlanzi eseleyo iya kusoloko kufumana ukutsha acid, ukuba Mpondwana hydra. Emzimbeni itanki unokufumana ifidi live, savela umzimba ongowemvelo izityalo amanzi njalo njalo. D.

Ukuphelisa le hydra kufuneka akhethe iindlela abakwazi benzakalise iintlanzi ezihlala zima. Indlela elula yokusebenzisa uthando hydra ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo. Nangona igcina ingaziwa indlela uyasibona xa yokungabikho kwamalungu ezibonwayo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ayicacanga zonke iindonga akwariyam, kodwa mnye apho yayame kwiglasi ngaphakathi alingane. Emini, lo hydra ezihambayo kufutshane ukukhanya ibekwe phezu kweglasi. Ukushiya ngenyameko yayo kuphela ukufumana - nentlanzi ayisekho usengozini.

Ngenxa ukukwazi yalo phezulu zizalana phantsi hydra akwariyam unako ngokukhawuleza ukuzalela. Oku kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kwaye ngokusondeleyo esweni ukuvela kwazo ngexesha ukuthintela lembandezelo.