Varroa iinyosi: yothintelo, iindlela zonyango. Ukufuywa for Beginners

Varroa - sesinye sezifo ziqhelekileyo kwaye engasi iinyosi. Walibiza nemalanana Varroa destructor. Le ekutyeni nasemakhalaneni સંસાધક isisebenzisi kwi iinyosi, drones, wesibeleko, kombungu kunye pupae ngokuzondla igazi labo. Ngenxa yoko, izinambuzane buthathaka kwaye ekugqibeleni bafe.

imbonakalo indle

Parasitize iinyosi kuphela Varroa destructor ababhinqileyo. Abudala akukho izinambuzane imbi ungabi sisizekabani. Kwakheke nemazi, ngoko nangoko kufa. Ngaphandle, nemalanana Varroa kufana no kwikala ezincinane (1.1 mm) ukuba umbala omdaka. Imazi le Parasite lihlaba-owanyayo mouthparts. Nalo, lihlaba isiciko ngechitin leenyosi aqale wanyisa igazi (hemolymph). Ekhuthazwa tick le iintlobo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, amaqanda malunga 0.5 mm ubukhulu.

Iindlela usulelo

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, phantse zonke apiaries iintsapho abaphila nale sisidleleli yingozi. Ithunyelwe Varroa bee ungakwazi ngeendlela ezininzi:

• kunye nokuthengwa ezintsha kumakhaya ahlelelekileyo;
• nge-amasela iinyosi;
• ngokusebenzisa iimazi neqembu yakhe;
• ngokusebenzisa iiphakheji bee;
• ebhadula ngokusebenzisa iinyosi.

Njani isifo kubonakala

Varroatosis ingozi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ilele yokuba kunzima ukubona kwibakala lokuqala. Nemalanana Varroa destructor, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe, abe ubukhulu encinane kakhulu. Ngoko ke, isaziso irhorho isiganeko ukuba akukho kakhulu banda, kunzima. Xa izilonda kakhulu ukufumanisa inyosi Varroa singaba ukuziphatha izinambuzane ngokwabo. Abaqiniseki ngenkuthalo kuqokelela incindi baze ngaloo ndlela babe kakhulu ndlongondlongo ngakumbi kunye noko amnye ebantwini. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuphungula sempilo sabo.

Ukuba beekeeper ayifuni ukuthatha amanyathelo ukuphelisa ezisezweni amangolwane isifo ingena kwisigaba enzulu. Ngelo xesha kwi indlu iza kuvela amantshontsho elibuthathaka kakhulu motley. Malunga esebenzayo Varroa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwaye ubonise isixa esikhulu leenyosi ezincinane ndimbi. Ezinye iisampulu evela izigxala sifo, umzekelo, musa ukuba amaphiko. Olunye uphawu lokugula bufinyeziwe esisu leenyosi. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela Varroa ungena kunyaka 3-4th emva kokosuleleka.

imiphumela

Ukuba athathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo kufuneka kuqaliswe nangoko emva inyosi Varroa andibhaqwa. Iimpawu zesi sifo, ngoko - isikakhulu ukuziphatha ziyagungqa ze ukuvela izinambuzane izilwanyana ugly endlwini yazo. Zintoni iziphumo Varroa destructor bohlaselo?

Isiphumo imbi kwesi sifo, Kakade ke, unciphiso ebalulekileyo imveliso leenyosi. Ukongeza, ukuwa kwintsapho yomguli azinako ukuba ityhubhu. Ebusika, iinyosi elibuthathaka abosulelwe ngokuqhelekileyo kufa yindlala. Ngamanye amaxesha kuyenzeka kwaye ukuze izinambuzane axakane, phezu koko, ukuba ngenkuthalo ukuhlasela ukutya. Ngenxa yoko, emthonjeni ziyafa ngenxa norhudo.

Njani isifo iphuhlisa

Kanye indlu, nemalanana imazi ingena iseli iiseli mibungu. Emva iinyosi ayitywine, uqala ukondla ngenkuthalo. Ngelo nemalanana efanayo ibeka amaqanda eziliqela kamva kuphuma iimazi ezintsha enye into eyindoda. Malunga neveki fertilizes yokugqibela oodade yakhe aze afe. Imazi-ngumseki kunye nezinambuzane ezintsha shiya iseli emva ekuvulweni kwayo emva kweentsuku ezi-4 nokuqala kwamaqanda entsha.

Inani elikhulu lweentshulube ngelixa wokosulela Varroa aba moya ndawonye amantshontsho (kumaxesha 7-15 ngaphezu kwi BEE). Ngangomolulo ababhinqileyo ehlotyeni yobomi kweenyanga ezi-3, ebusika - 9.

Indlela ukufumanisa ubukho nemalanana kwi semizi

Ekubeni Varroa destructor kuqhelekile kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kubangela umonakalo omkhulu ukuya apiary, kodwa uxilongo ngexesha usulelo inokuba isiqinisekiso kwimpumelelo imisebenzi efana ukufuywa. Entwasahlobo ka ezindlwini zazo ezifunekayo ukuba zihlolwe. Oku kuya zinciphise umonakalo owenziwe gazi, ukuba ubuncinane. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe xa kubuzwa kwamathole lawo. Kufuneka kwakhona uqinisekise ukuba iinyosi aziphathe ngendlela njengesiqhelo, kwaye zizise endlwini yazo Akukho izilwanyana ezifileyo. Kwamaphiko izinambuzane kufuneka lonke, sempilweni. Ukubakho olunywe yinyoka zinokubonisa usulelo.

Ukongeza zizise endlwini yazo, kufuneka ukuhlola isithuba ecaleni kwakhe. Sifo, buthathaka kakhulu kwindawo bee kunye pupae idla aphoswe ngaphandle.

Njani Ndilufumana gazi ezimpahla

Varroa bee uphathwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe ngamaqela amakhulu amathathu Zonke iindlela. Amaninzi, ukuze asuse ezindlwini zazo evela iinyosi nemalanana kusetyenziswa zonke iintlobo kwemichiza ezizodwa. Kodwa kukho kwakhona are kwezenzo nokusingqongileyo phakathi abafuyi. Ezi iinyosi ngayo Varroa kusetyenziswa amachiza endalo. Kukho iindlela mechanical ukususa ukungcola. Ngokomzekelo, maxa wambi sizohlukana amangolwane, iinyosi ngokubeka indawana ekhethekile ubushushu imizuzu eli-15 (kwi lobushushu iqondo malunga nowama-47). Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela yabasebenzi kakhulu kakhulu, kwaye ke ngoko wasebenzisa enqabile. Iinyosi nazo ngamanye amaxesha excised ukusuka zisele ikude amantshontsho. Ngapha koko, iqulathe nani likhulu amangolwane.

Ukusetyenziswa kwemichiza

Njengayo nayiphi na isifo iinyosi, Varroa badla iphathwa kunye nokusetyenziswa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamachiza ezithengiweyo. Ukusuka ezikhethekileyo imali eli qela iinyosi ovame:

• peritroidy ( "Apifit", "Apistan", "Fumisan");
• brompropilaty ( "Folbeks");
• formaniny ( "Bipin," "Anitraz", "Taktin").

Thenga zonke ezi zixhobo kuba kwivenkile okukhethekile 'ukuba iinyosi Impahla "okanye nge-Internet. Ichiza efanayo iminyaka eliqela ayikwazi azinakusetyenziswa kuye kwafunyanwa. Oku kukhokelela yimbonakalo yemfuza ezintsha gazi ukumelana kuloo ndawo ethile. beenyosi abanamava bacetyiswa ukuba basebenzise ezi apiary ilandelayo irejimeni:

• Ekuqaleni kunye yee-zasehlotyeni ukusebenzisa amayeza endalo.
• Ngo-Agasti, sebenzisa "Fumisan" okanye "Apifit".
• Xa ekwindla yosetyenziso "Bipin" okanye "Taktin".

Unyango varroatosis spring idla kuqhutywa ngokusebenzisa "Apifita" (1 ipleyiti 3 iseli).

Msuseni i semizi amangolwane kunzima ngokukodwa phambi kokuba ebekhe wazifihla esikhundleni sakhe. Inyaniso kukuba ngeli xesha iimazi yalawo tergites iinyosi, apho kuhlala de entlakohlaza. Kwaye ngoko, imichiza esetyenziswa nje azinazo naziphi na iimpembelelo kubo. Ngoko ke, ekwindla, phambi kokuba iqalisile processing of "Bipin" okanye "Taktinom", kufuneka usebenzise-20% tincture zetyeleba. Ivumba yeentwala yengca andiyithandi. Ngoko ke, ukuba iyasebenza yaye ashiye tergites. Kulo mzekelo, loo maphalo sele kuhlawulwa yi kumachiza ezisisiseko.

"Bipin 'ezisezweni: umyalelo kwi ukusetyenziswa kwemali

Eli chiza kwalo formaninov yeqela ekulweni Varroa iinyosi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kunezinye ukwakhiwa. Ngoko sihlola ukuba yintoni na kwaye kusetyenziswa ngayo. Eyona nto ephambili esebenzayo "Bipin" yi amitraz - ukwenza ezizodwa destructively kwi namakhalane, ityhefu. It olunikwe eli arhente ampoules yaye imele ulwelo bulubhelu ukuba ivumba elibi (as in naphthalene).

Ngendlela echanelekileyo usebenzise "Bipin 'ukuba iinyosi? Imiyalelo zokusetyenziswa kwayo elula kakhulu. luthetha isisombululo zolwelo isetyenziswa ukuze iqwalaselwe. Kugcine walungisa ngokuxuba igutyana omnye (0.5 ml) xa kukho ilitha yamanzi acocekileyo. Unyango ikhutshwa phandle ukunkcenkceshelwa "izitrato" melkostruynogo le semizi (10 ml nganye) kabini kumathuba ngeveki.

amayeza endalo

Njengazo phantse nasiphi na isifo iinyosi, Varroa inganyangeka kuphela nokusetyenziswa kwemichiza, kodwa nazo zonke iintlobo iikhompawundi zendalo. Ngokwemvelo, iindlela ezikhuselekileyo lokuyigxotha le kuyasetyenzwa ukusuka ntwala zingasetyenziswa:

• formic acid kunye oxalic acid;
• iintlobo ezahlukeneyo oyile (idile, fir);
• imifuno.

Le iswekile iyafakwa phambi kokuba ebekhe wazifihla indlu, iingcali bacebisa ukuba ukongeza iyeza zendalo CAS 81, nto leyo decoction of umhlonyane pine amathupha. Emva iinyosi bayidle, igazi labo libe ekrakra. Ngenxa yoko, amangolwane nje ukwala ukuba adle kuyo.

ukusebenzisa amafutha

Le ndlela ithathwa kakuhle kakhulu, kodwa ngaxeshanye kunye nabasebenzi-kakhulu. ingasetyenziswa neoli unyango leenyosi ezahlukeneyo. Iinyosi angafaka isicelo, umzekelo, nomsedare umsipres nompleyini, njalo njalo. G. Insects badla kakhulu kakubi, umzekelo, evuthiswe oli yemifuno, ugalelwe ioli amathontsi eziliqela fennel okanye camphor. Zithako inokuba ngokwenene luncedo kakhulu kulo mzekelo, njengoko ukufuywa. spring sinambuzane kufuneka ukutshiza umxube yeoli, pre-okuwisa isakhelo, usebenzisa isitshizi okhethekileyo. Iqhubekekisa izakwenziwa kabini kubekho isithuba seentsuku ezili-10. Ixesha lesithathu, i-oyile esetyenzisiweyo ekwindla, emva medosbora kuvalwa, odlayo malunga 2 g beziyobisi kwi kwisakhelo.

Varroatosis for unyango nako kunikwa leenyosi phezulu entwasahlobo ukunxiba ngeoli idile oxutywe kuyo. Maxa wambi iinyosi kwakhona shushu yokugqibela ukwigumbi ekhethekileyo qondisa it izibini zizise endlwini yazo yi pump indlela.

Ukunxiba nebhotolo ukuba wenze elula kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, phakathi kwezinye izinto, oku kufuneka nentwana isiraphu (umzekelo oluphuma jam). iinxalenye 10-15 idile neoli axutywe izahlulo 85-90 of vaseline. Waza wongezelela 3.2 ml isiraphu. I-arhente ngenxa lisetyenziswa ngokulinganayo kwiphepha iphepha 2. Ngaphezu koko, omnye wabo ibekwe phaya ezantsi semizi (bed enyangayo phezulu) kwaye eyesibini yabekwa phezulu sikhokelo. oyile idile zingathengwa evenkileni okanye yokuyenza ngokwakho. Kwimeko yokugqibela bayingqushe 300 g iimbewu. Emva koko ugalele ioli zikajongilanga kwaye ugxininise iveki, likuxhoxhela rhoqo. iindlela Ready kuhluzeka amaxesha yeyozuko eziliqela igozi.

Ukusetyenziswa oxalic acid

Esi sixhobo usoloko efumaneka ezivenkileni "I impahla iinyosi" kunye iinyosi ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kakhulu. Applied oxalic acid ikakhulu ngenxa wokutshiza. Kulo mzekelo, isakhelo zisuswe zisele. Of esiti ngokwayo okulungiswa isisombululo amanzi ebilisiweyo 2%. Ukuba kudla ml 10-12 lwemveliso ukwenzela isakhelo esinye. Phumeza kufuneka liqhube kubushushu alithe gangqa degrees 16. Ukwenza wokutshiza izihlandlo ezininzi ngexesha lonyaka (3-4). Xa ekwindla yokujongwa kwenziwa emva zokumpompa ubusi zokondla bhukmaki. Xa usebenzisa oxalic acid namakhalane aqale iwe sele ngomhla 10-12. Unyango oluqhutywa kwimozulu eyomileyo. Ukusetyenziswa oxalic acid kufuneka libe lide kakhulu. Xa isicelo esi sixhobo iminyaka engaphezu kwama ezintandathu ezilandelelanayo, loo maphalo ziba namandla.

Oxalic acid lungasetyenziswa kuphela xa ospeyita ngalo, kodwa ngenxa fumigation of ezazakhiwe ngababini. Kulo mzekelo, njengoko xa usebenzisa ioli idile, wasebenzisa egumbini ekhethekileyo kunye nempompo.

Ukusetyenziswa womfuno

Njengayo nayiphi na isifo iinyosi, Varroa inganyangwa kunye imifuno. iintlobo ngeentlobo infusions kunye decoctions asetyenziswa kwimeko, ukuba ufuna ukulondoloza ukusulungeka eziphilayo ubusi. Nangona kunjalo beekeeper, ukuba ukhetha ukusebenzisa izibonelelo zendalo kufuneka igcinwe engqondweni ukuba enasilela ngempumelelo amalungiselelo yemichiza (50%).

Unyango lwe bee nemalanana lungaqhutywa, kusetyenziswa, umzekelo, kuthetha ezifana:

• Umhluzi motherwort, camomile kunye Calendula (wayipheka imizuzu engama-50). Ulwelo Mystery oxutywe isiraphu iswekile kunye neenyosi atyetyisiweyo ukufumana kuqamba. Sebenzisa decoction ngokuqhelekileyo bawe.
• Nokubandakanywa 50 g iipepile abilayo neelitha 0.5 zamanzi. Xa ulwelo searing kufuneka kongezwe isiraphu encinane iswekile. Esi sixhobo isetyenziswa njenge spring ukutya.
• Amasetyana cherry zasendle. Bona babeka ngokulula sikhokelo. Endaweni zasendle cherry nemalanana ungazama amgxothe ukusebenzisa ekudleni imibengo.
• umgubo sapling. Oku kutshizwa entwasahlobo, ngexesha xa indlu nikukwanda kancinane.

kakhulu kunzima besebenzisa ezi zixhobo, kodwa sisenako ukuphelisa izifo ezifana Varroa bee. unyango esintu, ke, loo nto kukuchitha ngokusebenzisana amachiza. Oku kuya kukuphelisa ezi ntwala ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

bapholisa

iinyosi nyango varroatosis ngale ndlela kuba kakuhle kakhulu. unyango Ubushushu - imvelo, kodwa iindlela ngokwaneleyo kunye nabasebenzi-kakhulu. Yenza le nkqubo ngokuqhelekileyo bawe. Oku kwenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Le iinotshi asezantsi 10 izakondliwa omfuthelayo ixhwele.
• Ukuvala lo taphole, kwaye indlu ebhalisele kwamaqondo obushushu kwigumbi engaphezulwana nje kancinane kune esitratweni (kodwa hayi ngaphezulu kwe-12 degrees).
• Zisuswe izakhelo endlwini yazo.
• Iinyosi avuthululwe kunye wesibeleko kwi cassette ngokusebenzisa ifanele.
• Le cassette ivaliwe. Iinyosi ukuba ephila kulo ukuba imizuzu eli-15.
• Le cassette lugcinwe ibhafu eshushu. kufuneka ukuba amaqondo obushushu Igumbi uzinze uze ugcine kwi degrees 47.

Ngexesha inkqubo, i cassette kufuneka ajikelezwe ophalalayo, angavumeli ukuba iinyosi zazikhona phezulu ibhola. Emva 15 imiz bee ngaphandle webhate wenziwe. Kwigumbi apho kwakukho yeenyosi, tape kufuneka igcinwe, ukuba ibe eminye imizuzu eli-15. Ezinye izinambuzane bathulula emva izakhelo elidlulileyo, kwaye ibekwe zinto zizise endlwini yazo. Emva iinyosi azihlaziye, umnyango esezantsi ivulwe 8 cm. Emva kweyure ide kunciphisa kufuneka ngeli xesha, ubukhulu.

Ukuba kuyimfuneko, unyango leenyosi kubanjelwa ibhafu varroatosis yasentwasahlobo yesibini. Enze ngayo kweli xesha, iintsuku ezintlanu emva kokuba flyby yokuqala.

ukuvimbela

Njengabanye izifo ezininzi iinyosi, Varroa siphathe nzima kakhulu. Kulula kakhulu ukuba uzame ukuthintela kwii-amangolwane kwi zinto zizise endlwini yazo. Ngokuzikhusela enokuthi zibandakanya le misebenzi ilandelayo:

• ufakelo Special ezindlwini zazo protivovarroatoznogo ezantsi;
• ephethe wokucoca apiary (ukususwa kobutyobo ingca kwemfuneko betekisi Nzalandini, etc ...);
• ukusetyenziswa ngamalungiselelo ezizodwa (umzekelo, lithetha "Thymol");
• Ukufakelwa ezindlwini zazo iiplanga lobusi;
• Association of iintsapho ababuthathaka, njalo njalo. D.

Prevention varroatosis kufuneka lwenziwe kwi apiaries kuyimfuneko. Ukongeza, le beekeeper kufuneka usoloko uqinisekisa ukuba iinyosi hayi Bosuleleka zonke iintlobo comorbidities, phawula-umna.

Uthintelo losuleleko ngamagciwane

Igazi owanyayo Ingolwane Varroa destructor buthathaka inyosi, ebangela ithe ngobuhle bayo ize ekugqibeleni afe. Nangona kunjalo, lo ngowona umonakalo obangelwe ngulo sisidleleli kuphela. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, ukuba mabi kwawo iinyosi kubonakala ngenxa ngokuyintloko yokuba iimazi ka Varroa destructor nesifo kuzo zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana ezincane eziyingozi. Oku kunokuba, umzekelo, uhlobo intsholongwane iphiko okanye ukushwabana oyingozi.

Uthintelo olu hlobo sifo kakhulu nokwamkela iindlela zokuphucula inkqubo omzimba iinyosi. Amaxesha amaninzi, abanini apiaries esetyenziselwe le njongo, umzekelo, ubisi pine luthathe. Kwakhona ncomo elungileyo njengendlela ukuphucula sifo, kukho amalungiselelo "Endoglyukin".

isiphelo

Njengoko ubona, Varroa bee - esi sifo kuyingozi kakhulu. Amanyathelo ngenxa yokwaphuka uphawu kufuneka kuvotwe apho imiqondiso yokuqala usulelo. Kungenjalo, beekeeper kulindeleke kuphela iilahleko ezinkulu ezinxulumene nokuhla ukuzomelezela imveliso leenyosi. Ukuba isifo iqale, usapho kunye ungalahli.