Uxilongo wolusu: Indlela, ncomo

Isiseko unyango ngempumelelo kwesifo - kwesifo kwayo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ingakumbi le ngxelo bugwetyelwe xa ezimbi ithumba, apho ngokoqobo zonke izibalo yesibini. Enye loo ngxaki i wolusu. Minyaka isisifo ngumhlaza omncinane kuphela. I ngaphambili ugqirha uza kuba nako ukuchonga oko, ayanda namathuba okuba kukho abantu abane kakuhle. Kwinqaku yanamhlanje ngokweenkcukacha ezininzi iindlela ezinkulu zokufumanis wolusu, uze uchaze embodiments zonyango yayo.

isiqinisekiso Medical

Wolusu - yohlobo amabi, le ithumba ukuvela kwi iziqwenga esikhumbeni kwithishyu. Oku wabumba melanocytes - iiseli unoxanduva nokukhethwa kombala ngenxa yokuzala lwesi sakhi. Yakuvuma ezo ndawo abuthatha omzimba nzima ukukhusela nxamnye yelanga. Sithetha ngayo ebusweni, komboko kunye zomzimba. Wolusu enokuveliswa on-site pre-existing nevus okanye sinabele ngamaqhekeza uphilile epithelial.

Into ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo zophendlo lwezifo kukungabikho phantse ngokupheleleyo omzimba. Ngoko ke, ngoku nethumba iphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokwandiswa ubukhulu. Ngamnye nyaka banesifo ebantwini malunga 100,000. Kwilizwe lethu, kukho umkhwa ekwandeni lezifo. Kulo mzekelo, wolusu amaninzi kuchaphazela abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka eli 75 ukuya 85. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lobomi kwaye kunokukhokelela ekufeni.

Ngokutsho manani zonyango, malunga nama-75% amatyala kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukubona sifo kusekwangoko yophuhliso. Oku kunokwenzeka kuphela ngenxa umfanekiso kakhulu clinical. A indima inkqubo yokuchonga bobabo isifo yokuqala wolusu. Ukuze kulahlula kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza isikhumba ukuba libonwa. Noko ke, ngokuba phezulu umzobo iinkqubo zonyango kufuneka ukwazi malunga ithumba ulwazi kangangoko. Ukufumana ivumela ukuba ukujonga ubungakanani kunye nqanaba lenkqubo lwezidumbu ukuba kwangaphambili, fumana Ukudlulela njalo njalo. D. iinkcukacha Enye ngakumbi embodiments zalo ezinkulu.

anamnesis

Imbali lwezonyango - linqanam iphambili une phantse zonke ezimbi. Wayethetha isifundo imbali kunye nolwazi yesigulana eso indibano. Ngokutsho iziphumo specialist zophando uhlobo ungenza sifo nezoviwo banikwe nesiphelo amisele uviwo olunye.

Wolusu ozibandakanye somdlavuza. Ngomhla ukwamkelwa yokuqala usoloko ngokweentloko isigulana malunga iimpawu zakhe angagubhi. Ukucacisa somdlavuza lwezonyango ungabuza inani ekucaciseni imibuzo: xa kukho igxile ukudumba, imiphumo kwezinye izinto ngaphambi kwawo, etc ...

wolusu Uxilongo kwakhona ibandakanya ukufunda yofuzo. Ugqirha kubalulekile ukwazi, amatyala njengokugula kwamanye amalungu entsapho zirekhodwe apho. Eyona nto kukuba uninzi ezimbi oncological inophawu njengelifa.

iimviwo physical

Ekuhambeni isifundo oluneenkcukacha mpawu kwezonyango ithumba zeengcali inika qualitative uhlolo olusisiseko iparameters yayo:

• ubukhulu;
• Umxholo kwesakhiwo;
• emideni;
• sombala umbala;
• indawo texture.

Kwakhona, ugqirha owenza Ngokucofa-inguinal, axillary neendawo nkovu wesibeleko. Xa wolusu sinwenwa, ikakhulu izilonda zalo zophendlo lwezifo kwalutyhutyha angabamelwane iindawo nkovu. Ukwanda ngobukhulu - luphawu ecacileyo lomhlaza.

Xa Oncology imeko elinobuhlungu kuyakrokreleka igqalwa isifundo diagnostic mandatory kunye noviwo amanye amalungu omzimba, apho ingabekwa izinto ezifanayo. phambi kwabo, aba izigulane ezininzi nokuwabona. Njengoko a neoplasm lesibini, itywina ukuze abonakalise iimpawu ezithile kwaye musa ukuphazamisa. izilonda yezifo Multiple - iimpawu eziphambili zolu hlobo lomhlaza.

dermoscopy

Le yenye indlela non-invasive ngenxa uxilongo imelanoma. Yena elula ngokupheleleyo, musani usaba zazo zonyango.

Ngexesha inkqubo, ugqirha ifumana ulwazi malunga ububanzi ithumba, ukuqinisekisa ubungakanani isixhobo awodwa - a micrometer. Exploration obala nokuba ukubunjwa encinane, ubukhulu apho engekho ngaphezulu kwe-1 mm.

Uhlalutyo igazi lwemithambo kunye capillary

Ungafunda okuninzi malunga nemeko umzimba uvavanyo lwegazi. Zonke iiseli umhlaza yokuvelisa iiproteni ezithile. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba bamakishi ithumba. Xa abantu okunempilo, bona bengekho.

Kwimeko wolusu elabhoratri ukufumanisa uvakalelo onkomarkery protein S-100. Ayithandi ophezulu egazini ibonisa kuphela ngokuchanekileyo ukubeka uxilongo lokuqala, kodwa ukuqhubela phambili inkqubo yezifo. Sithetha ubukho metastases emzimbeni ukuba banazo ezinye iinkqubo ilungu zangaphakathi. Kumanyango nyathelo usebenzisa loo ugqirha Uhlalutyo sijonga ukuchaneka unyango Committe ezikhethiweyo, isidanga kwayo ngobuchule.

Kwilizwe lethu lokufunyaniswa wolusu ngokumisela le xiyimiso egazini yabamakishi Ithumba kwentlawulo kuphela. iindleko Ukuhlolwa liphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze sigwetyelwe phantse 100% japan echanekileyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe phosphorus radioactive

uxilongo mahluko imelanoma eyenziwa phosphorus lovukelo. Oku kusekelwe phezu iziphumo kwiziko zophendlo lwezifo disubstituted phosphate ilebhile icandelo phosphorus eqhumayo. ugqirha zezigulane kubonisa ukuba basele ichiza kusasa kwaye usoloko ungatyanga. Emva koko, yi xi zoqhagamshelwano emiselwe radiometry izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo zone eyendawo ngetywina. Inqanaba "of bemfuno yobubi 'ukuba wolusu luthathwa ezithile oluphindwe-amathathu amanani phezu ithumba, xa uthelekisa eli nani kunye neendawo yesikhumba esempilweni.

microscopy confocal

Esi sifo non-invasive yesikhumba wolusu khetho likuvumela ukuba bachonge ingxaki kusekwangoko yophuhliso lwayo. Kuliwa usebenzisa confocal microscopy izixhobo ingqondo phantsi fluxes ray infrared. ithamo radiation elisetyenzisiwe incinane kakhulu, ngoko ke akufanelekanga ukuba kubangele umonakalo emzimbeni womntu. Khulu uphonononga maleko nomphandle wocango lwe epithelial kwaye nokuba ingqwalasela oluphuculiweyo inguqulelo biopsy yenyani.

MRI CT

Inyathelo elibalulekileyo ekulweni nasiphi na isifo somhlaza na silubone metastases yokuqala. Eyona nto kukuba wonke izilonda umzimba rhoqo kunyusa amathuba ukuphinda kwaye kunciphise ukuya zero sezulu bachache ngokukhawuleza. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, namhlanje wasebenzisa MRI kunye CT.

Magnetic intlokoma umfanekiso lixhomekeke nokusetyenziswa umazibuthe olomeleleyo kunye nokungena amaza eqhumayo. Ngenxa oku kungenzeka ukufumana umfanekiso zombini indawo longitudinal and enqamlezileyo. Itomography ngekhompyutha nayo ityhila ubukho metastases. Noko ke, uyayinceda idla babhenela sigaba kwingcinga yokuba ubunyani nokusasazwa izitshanguba ayikenziwa kuqinisekiswa yi umzimba.

biopsy

Xa wolusu xesha kunzima ukubona abangaboniyo. Biopsy ikuvumela ukuba ukuhlola amasuntswana nangezilonda, ukugqiba isidanga se yobubi balo. Ngexesha inkqubo, ugqirha kwenza ucingo iiseli thumba uze ehlola phantsi ngemicroscope. Ngamanye amaxesha ufuna ukususa ngokupheleleyo indawo ibitheni yesikhumba.

Ukuba yobubi kuqinisekisiwe, ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni kususwe kuphela wolusu, kodwa inyama okufuphi. Xa ububanzi kune-1 mm, ithwalelwe ngenyameko sentinel node asike. izakhiwo ezinjalo badla iyakhula. Inkqubo yezifo iqala kwi units yabalindi. Kananjalo phantsi iimviwo phantsi ngemicroscope. Ukuba iiseli umhlaza babumbe ingcali kwezi uyafumana, uphethwe inkqubo emithanjeni luzalisekile. Kungenjalo, zonyango ezongezelelweyo zabelwa (umz, ichemotherapy).

Ubhaqo oluzenzekelayo zezifo

Indlela wolusu self-ekufunyanisweni ayikwazi kuthathwa ngendlela ethembekileyo ukuchonga sifo. Kwelinye icala, ngaba alisayi kuwathathela ngqalelo kuyo Kwakhona akukho mfuneko. esweni rhoqo isimo yempilo kwandisa amathuba ekufumanekeni iingxaki yokuqala.

Umhlaza lingaqonda inkqubo ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

1. Imbonakalo amabala ubudala omtsha okanye abamenzelayo emzimbeni.
2. Umbala kutshintshwe nevus, ukwenzeka sokudlathuka kweenwele.
3. Kombala kombala - uphawu uphawu wezakhi yeselula.
4. Ukutshintsha imida zisaqala. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba baphulukana ndikho babo babe akuboni kunye ezimagqagala.

Ukufunyaniswa kwangoko kwe wolusu ngundoqo unyango ngempumelelo. Ngoko ke, ukubonakala enye okanye ezingaphezulu iimpawu adweliswe ngentla kufuneka kwangoko ukufuna uncedo wesikhumba. Ukuba imbali yosapho kwesi sifo sele unesifo, kuyimfuneko kunye ingqalelo ekhethekileyo imeko isikhumba.

Views ezigulane

Yintoni na izigulane ngqo lokufunyaniswa wolusu? Izimvo yale nkqubo, kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo. Kweli nqaku idwelisa kuphela iindlela ezininzi eqhelekileyo ukubona izifo. Ukukhethwa uhlobo oluthile zophando kusoloko ngugqirha.

iimpendulo HIV ezinxulumene iindlela non-invasive test. Kulo mzekelo, izigulane musa namava ukungakhululeki, kodwa iinkqubo ngokwabo elula ngokupheleleyo. Noko ke, inkcazelo kuphela lokuqala inqanaba lophuhliso isifo.

izimvo ezimbi akholisa ukuba kwenzeka emva kokuba biopsy. Eneneni, le yinkqubo ezibi lwenziwa phantsi Ukubulawa jikelele. Kwelinye icala, oko izakusetyenziswa ukugqiba ethembekileyo iqondo yobubi yenkqubo.

unyango okunikezelwe

Kwaye isifo kwaye afumane unyango imelanoma akufuneki zishiywe. Emva kokuqinisekisa neoplasms kufuneka ngoko nangoko uqale unyango. qhinga Unyango kuxhomekeke nqanaba lenkqubo yezifo. Umzekelo, umsebenzi oluqhutywa phaya kusekwangoko. Ngexesha kotyando, ugqirha osusa wolusu, ezikufutshane kumgama 1-3 cm yezihlunu nenqatha ongama. Cryodestruction indlela kule sifo ayisetyenziswanga.

Ukuba metastases zabonwa emva unyango ekliniki lokufunyaniswa wolusu, unyango kukuba ukwenza le zokukhanya yolwamkelo nechemotherapy ( "Tamoxifen", "Carmustine"). Le arhente kunokuba eziyityhefu, kodwa ayikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa kwazo. Ngokunxuseneyo, immunotherapy mandatory ibanjwa.

Indlela yokukhusela isifo?

Uthintelo nawuphi na umhlaza na ngexesha andibhaqwa. USuku lwaMazwe ngaMazwe lokufunyaniswa wolusu ubanjwa minyaka le ngomhla wama-23 Meyi. Ngomhla kummandla lizwe lethu kwizixeko ezininzi sinikele ingqalelo kakhulu kuyo. Umzekelo, kule mini, ungakwazi ukuthatha isaveyi mahala nevi kunye abamenzelayo emzimbeni, ukufunda iqondo yobubi. Ukongeza, kumaziko ezininzi ezizodwa zonyango baqhuba iintlanganiso kunye noogqirha kunye neengcali emxinwa, abathetha ngayo imibuzo sifo kunye impendulo evela kubaphulaphuli.

Ngokuzimela iyaluthintela uphuhliso wolusu asinto ilula kakhulu. Oogqirha Sikhuthaza ehlotyeni ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokhuselo ukuba ulusu, nto leyo ethintela kwii-UV eyingozi. Ukusuka Akukho nje kufuneka kushiywa kwixesha ukususela kwiiyure ezili-12 ukuya kwali-16. Kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo engakumbi kubo ngokwabo. Akunzimanga umzimba kuhlolwa periodic ukuchonga sha eluswini esweni ubume abamenzelayo ezikhoyo.

Ukuba uyathandabuza, kungcono ukuba atyelele wesikhumba okanye somdlavuza. Kwakhona musa ukulibala ukuba ngoMeyi 23 - imini une wolusu xa nabani unokuba yokuhluza free. Ngokutsho kwiziphumo, yaye kuphela xa iingcali kuyimfuneko ezikhethekileyo njalo uthumele ukuba uviwo olunye.