Uvavanyo lweMpembelelo Regulatory: iintlobo, iindlela, ukuziphatha

Inkqubo yohlolo lwempembelelo regulatory - uhlalutyo ekhethekileyo iinjongo kunye nemiba yolawulo karhulumente (indawo). Xa uhlola sikhokelo embodiments ezinye iinjongo, inkcazelo kwizifundo inzuzo kunye neendleko yorhwebo kunye neminye imisebenzi, abathengi, abo kuxhomekeke impembelelo yolawulo. It ikuvumela ukuba ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yolawulo kakhulu ngempumelelo. Okulandelayo, cinga iinkcukacha iindlela zovavanyo lwempembelelo yolawulo.

Overview

Uvavanyo lweMpembelelo Regulatory yenzelwa ukunyusa umgangatho wolawulo. Ukuze kufikelelwe kule njongo ngokusebenzisa uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha ngokusesikweni kwimiphumo igalelo kumaqela ahlukeneyo ezentlalo kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. Namhlanje, akukho iindlela efanayo zokuhlola impembelelo yolawulo. Kwamanye amazwe, oku hlalutyo omiswe ngokomthetho. Umzekelo, kwi-siseko eSwitzerland, France, iqulathe amalungiselelo afanelekileyo. Kwi indlela efanayo yohlolo lwempembelelo kwemiqathango kuyahlukana nedlela isakhiwo sezopolitiko karhulumente. Enye into ebalulekileyo xa ukhetha indlela ethile nabo iindawo ukuba sijongene ngqo lo hlalutyo. Kulo mba, ezahlukeneyo neenkqubo kuvavanyo lwempembelelo yolawulo.

ngezigaba

Iintlobo zokuhlola impembelelo yolawulo iyohluka, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko yokwaziswa kwayo kweli lizwe. Umzekelo, kwi-Czech Republic, South Korea, umzekelo, zokudala nzima ungekho. Kodwa ke ngelo xesha wabhengeza iikhrayitheriya ngokubanzi phantsi apho uhlalutyo yaziswa kwi ukucikideka ukusebenza kwayo. nezinye iintlobo zovavanyo lwempembelelo olunxulumene ngqo ukwamkelwa kwemimiselo. Ngokukodwa, eKhanada kunye US, umzekelo, zokudala lwenziwa kwilungiselelo ncwadi xa inkcitho mali. Uvavanyo lwempembelelo yolawulo kwenziwa yaseNetherlands kunye UK ekwenzeni lo ummiselo ezifanelekileyo zolawulo.

The main izigaba

Bakhokelwa izinto zokufundisa PB Australian Sebe, nto leyo isiphathamandla esinegunya, uvavanyo lwempembelelo zomthetho kuquka amanyathelo of:

1. Ukusekwa kunye nenkcazelo le ngxaki.
2. Ubungqina imfuneko yokuba ukuphunyezwa zokudala.
3. Ukumisela inkqubo iphela.
4. Inkcazelo embodiments imisebenzi kunokwenzeka.
5. Uhlalutyo ezizezinye elichaziweyo (kubandakanywa, ngokuhlola iinzuzo kunye neendleko).
6. Iingcebiso.
7. Isiphelo kuhlolo lwempembelelo yolawulo.
8. Ukwenziwa ezizezinye ezikhethiweyo kwaye emva koko.

Le nkqubo-sikhokelo yowiso-mthetho

Ukuze kuphunyezwe kaMongameli Ndiwise umthetho we 7.05.2012 saphuhliswa kwaye yavunywa yi-Federal uMthetho, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba utshintsho emyalelweni federal ekusekeni imigaqo jikelele nabameli kunye yesigqeba kwamandla karhulumente we mimandla RF nobuGcisa. 46 no-7 loMthetho Federal elawula imiqathango jikelele lombutho sendawo (local) self-government kwi Russian Federation. Ezi uhlengahlengiso zinxulumene kwimiba Impact Assessment ezilawulayo kunye nobuchule babo. UMthetho ojongwe Inkqubo nokudityaniswa uhlalutyo kwamaxwebhu asemthethweni zilungiswe kwimimandla kunye noomasipala kweli lizwe. Ukongeza, kulawulwa imithetho ukwenza iimviwo nemimiselo ezikhoyo. Injongo yezi izongezelelo izenzo ukunika iinkcukacha kunye noncedo methodological ukuya kwiziseko zikamasipala malunga nokuphunyezwa kovavanyo yolawulo yempembelelo boMbutho kwi kwinkqubo yowiso.

Ingakumbi isiphumo

Umgangatho ezingummiselo kwezoqoqosho karhulumente namhlanje, uphuhliso ngempumelelo kwintlalo noqoqosho lweli lizwe. Izidumbu olawulo karhulumente kufuneka usebenzise indlela ngendlela eya kwenza kube lula ukuqinisekisa ngempumelelo enkulu inkqubo yowiso. ummiselo nokubhala mgangathweni kakubi kuchaphazela imeko yoluntu. Xa ukungabikho nempembelelo ecacileyo regulatory, amaxabiso aphezulu ukuthotyelwa nemigangatho eyamkelekileyo kubemi kunye noshishino, nzima inkqubo yolawulo loluntu, kuyanda ukungaqiniseki. Konke oku ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ukusilela ekuphumezeni iinjongo.

Ingakumbi norms

Uninzi izenzo esemthethweni ulawulo karhulumente, ezithi adopted kumanqanaba yase kanye kamasipala ukujongwa, ichaphazela umdla iyaxela ezahlukeneyo kwezentlalo. Kulo mba, ngexesha uphuhliso kweeprojekthi kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo imiba emininzi enxulumene ngemiphumo kusenokwenzeka wokusetyenziswa kwazo practice enye okanye omnye udidi lwabantu. Kunye nale, kweli nqanaba, kufuneka zifihlwe iindlela ezininzi sesichengeni okanye nzima ukubona ngokwaneleyo xa uqala. Ngoko, ngexesha leentlanganiso zokumiselwa kwemigangatho-sentlalo iindlela ezifunwayo zizo apho kunokuqatshelwa ngqo kwiqela, apho ziya kuphenjelelwa, nesimilo sakhe. Njengoko omnye izixhobo ezifana kuphuma nje uhlolo lwefuthe yolawulo.

nemisebenzi esisiseko

Uvavanyo lweMpembelelo Regulatory kubandakanya ukuchongwa iingxaki kunye neenjongo neempembelelo ukuchongwa embodiments ezahlukeneyo, kwaye uthelekise ukuba bakhethe kakhulu kangangoko. Njengoko yinxalenye yale zokudala ke thethwano kunye nabachaphazelekayo abanomdla. Le yeyona ndlela echanekileyo ukujonga iziphumo kusenokwenzeka ezintle nezimbi ulawulo. Ngokuhambelana kunye nale sigqibo yasebenza kunye kuvavanyo lwempembelelo yolawulo. Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba zokudala ayikho Incedisa inkqubo rulemaking yesiqhelo. Olu hlahlelo isebenza njengesixhobo lula isigqibo ukuhamba. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba zokudala kufuna ezinye iinzame okongezelekileyo kubabhekisi phambili be ngezenzo zomthetho uyilo, nto leyo ukuphucula ukusebenza yolawulo lomgangatho silubona azikaqapheleki.

Ukuba zokudala Institute eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe ico

Inkqubo ukulinganisa kuphunyezwa uthi eqala nge nguqu. Phakathi kwazo kukho iqela kumazwe ico. Xa imeko nganye, inkqubo uthwala igama layo. Umzekelo:

• Kazakhstan - imithetho uvavanyo lwempembelelo kwisigaba yentlalo-qoqosho.
• Kyrgyzstan - uhlalutyo impembelelo ngezenzo zomthetho zolawulo.
• Uzbekistan - inkqubo yokuhlola ifuthe ngezenzo zomthetho (RIA).

Kwi-Russian Federation kwinqanaba pilot, intshayelelo kunye nocazululo yomthetho zokudala wenziwa ngo-2006 kwizifundo eziliqela. Ngokukodwa, iinkqubo kuphunyezwa North Ossetia, Kalmykia, Tatarstan. Kwakhona izifundo ezininzi ingcali ziye enziwe ukulungiselela ukusungulwa kwenkqubo kwinqanaba federal. Ngo March 2010, iKomishoni Government on Reform Administrative, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukumnika amagunya loPhuhliso loQoqosho ukuphuhlisa iindlela zokudala kunye ukuphunyezwa kwayo yokusebenza, kuquka ukuyilwa isebe elitsha. NgoMeyi kulo nyaka ukuba ivunywe yi-Ndiwise umthetho, esibonelela utshintsho kwinani izenzo RF kaRhulumente. Ngokusebenzisa yayo de facto zokudala Institute, kunye umzimba omkhulu ogunyazisiweyo Ministry of Economic Development. Ngo-Julayi ka-2010, iSebe kwasekwa lokuvavanya impembelelo yolawulo.

Uhlalutyo iinzuzo kunye neendleko

Le yinxalenye yohlolo lwempembelelo regulatory igqalwa omnye kakhulu entsonkothileyo yaye, kwangaxeshanye, isitshixo. Ngokubanzi, ukuphunyezwa zikhethwayo kucazululo lweenkcukacha kunye olupheleleyo lwazo zonke iindleko kunye neenzuzo ezizezinye ngamnye avumelekile ezithile. Kulo mkhuba ingcali zidla zama ukwenza uyondelelwano phakathi ukubaluleka imali iindleko (qualitative) ukumelwa kunye neengenelo kunye neendleko ngqo kukuthathwa kolu hlahlelo. Ngokwemveli, uvavanyo lwenziwa nxamnye maqela alandelayo achaphazelekayo:

1. State.
2. Business.
3. Company.

Kunye nale exposure iindidi eneenkcukacha okanye beme ngaphandle kwezinye nomnye. Umzekelo: impembelelo ngamashishini amancinane, okusingqongileyo kunye njalo njalo. Ukuba uchitha uhlalutyo imali neziphumo akwenzeki, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba uqikelelo neziphumo ezibonakalayo, i "iindleko -produktivnost" Lendlela ilungile.

rate isaphulelo Social

Ngenxa yokuba ifuthe isenzo kwemiqathango ngobume uqoqosho ayikho ngaxeshanye yaza yathunyelwa ezikolweni ngo kwexesha, xa inkqubo imali iinzuzo kunye neendleko, kufuneka kubekho ukulungiswa. Ukulungiselela le njongo ekuthiwa- rate isaphulelo. Ukumiselwa ixabiso layo kananjalo ingqalelo ilula ekuphumezeni zokudala.