UNikolai Khmelev: engobomi, ubomi lobuqu, ifoto, unobangela wokufa

Ngowe-1939, screens ngaphandle kwelizwe senziwe ngumlawuli Isidorom Annenskim film "Indoda Case". Mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba ixesha elide ibali eli A. P. chehova akayi aguqulelwe ikhusi, kodwa ngowe-1965 lo I. picture Ann aphuma edishini entsha, kwaye kwakhona wacanda izikrini kweli lizwe. Filimu, obekade abadlali ezinkulu uNikolay Hmelev, uMikhail Zharov, kaFaina Ranevskaya, waba brilliant ngokwenene, kwaye wonke ummi eSoviet Union wayesazi utitshala yokuzilolonga ulwimi Belikov Greek. ikepusi wakhe, ochochki encinane emnyama zebinzana odumileyo "iVolga aqukuqela kuLwandle lweCaspian, ngokungathi into ayisebenzi!" Ngaba kakuhle ngabo bonke, ngaphandle ubaxo. Ngoko kwenzeka ukuba phantse omnye indima wenza zolinganiso yeqonga eyaziwa kulo lonke elo lizwe.

Inkwenkwe kwintsapho elungileyo

Belikov ngobuciko wadlala Khmelev UNikolai Pavlovich. Yena wazalwa ngoJulayi 23, 1901 e Sormovo, kwisithili imbali ye Nizhny Novgorod. Kwiplanti odumileyo Sormovo kaloliwe uyise wayesebenza induna. Umama wanika izifundo umculo kwiintsapho abazizityebi, njengoko intombi ummeli yaye imfundo somculo. Nyana wayeza kufumana imfundo esemgangathweni yaye xa ufikelele kwiminyaka ofunekayo, ukuba ithe yaphawulwa ngo kwisikolo yokwenene yabucala Sormovo. Xa luvaliwe oko, le nkwenkwe wathunyelwa kwisikolo 2nd Nizhny Novgorod.

6-th eMoscow yokuzilolonga

Ngowe-1916, UNikolai Khmelev nentsapho yakhe bafudukela eMoscow, kwaye uyaqhuba ngokusebenzisa esikolweni eMoscow-6. Ngexesha le minyaka waba nomdla peyinta, ibotshelelwe nakwizibetho zabo kwi- School Stroganov. Kodwa zincwadi kufuphi inkwenkwe. Amanyathelo yokuqala umendo yeqonga, kakhulu, ibhekisela kwixesha uqeqesho esikolweni eMoscow. Maxa eekonsathi aye Zenziwe monologues Berendey, Osip, Miller kunye Walsingham iimveliso (ngokulandelelana) "Snow Ntombazana", "The Umhloli URhulumente," "sikamamlambo" yaye "isidlo ngexesha isibetho."

Ukukhetha le ndlela

Ngokucacileyo, ingcamango azahlulele yokubonela, uye watyelela ikamva Artist yaBantu. Ngenxa kunyaka wokwamkelwa kwakhe University of eMoscow, lo mntu kwimbali-philological le Moscow Art Theatre wazisa ulwamkelo amagcisa kwi Studio 2 (owayekho 1916 ukuya 1924), kunye UNikolai Khmelev kunye ngenkxaso kunye noncedo umqondisi kutitshala VL Mchedelova , kuza. Ngaphezu koko siseko oobawo ethile le abadlali studio-Massalitinova N. Moscow Art Theatre, H, kunye N. Aleksandrov Podgorniy eyaziwa ngokuba ezintathu Nicholas, kwi Studios 2nd wokubonelwa wafundisa izixa ezifana E. Vakhtangov Leonidov L., V. Luzhsky.

amanyathelo okuqala

Xa umfundi wakhe isebenza UNikolai Khmelev lihlawula ingqalelo kakhulu inkangeleko yangaphandle uze wenze-up. Oku kuye kwenza indima imisipres kwi "I-Cherry Orchard," Karp ngo "Ihlathi", Snegirev ngo "Abazalwana Karamazov" kuba kubi kakhulu, ukuba incomeka basabela and K. Stanislavsky kunye Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko. Kunye nobugcisa ukwakheka N. P. Hmelev efundisa kumagumbi ezintathu - Mchedelova, kwi-2 nd Moscow Art Theatre kunye Zavadsky. umsebenzi wakhe ndawo isigaba uNikolay Khmelev (zolinganiso) yaqalisa classic - azazi nge "isidlo incedwa" njengoko indima engenamagama lwe Messenger (1919).

Indima yokuqala ephawulekayo

Ezi zokuphuma cwaka ke ngokwaneleyo, yaye kuphela ngo-1923 H. Spiegelberg Khmelev edlalwa "nabaphangi" FR Schiller. Le ndima kuphunza xa ugxekwa, iye yawongwa oogxa bakhe, yaye nendima ilandelayo kulo mdlalo "Elizaveta Petrovna" wayengomnye ntetho. UNikolai Pavlovich wadlala Ushakov. Ngowe-1925 Nemirovich-Danchenko wamthembisa indima Marey yamahlwempu ukudlala K. Treneva "Pugachevshchina". Le ndima wenza N. odumileyo Khmeleva.

ukhuseleko eliphezulu

Kunyaka olandelayo, 1926, wayedlala Alexey turbine kwaye iba weqonga elaziwayo. Kunye play 'Days of Turbin "M. A. Bulgakova, ndibano Moscow Art Theatre, oluninzi amavo. Stalin wayewuthanda umdlalo. Kukho uguqulelo ukuba emva kokubona inkokeli lizwe ukuba ukubhiyozela uNyaka oMtsha, ngoko ebethanda imeko nge Christmas umthi yokuhombisa. Nomdlali hop Stalin ubabalweyo - iimbasa ezintathu egameni sifanele lakhe into. Wayekuthanda kakhulu indima kaYosefu Vissarionovich Alexei Karenin kunye turbine.

umbono wakhe indima

indima nganye ezilandelayo yaba ilitye unyathele ukuya phezulu olutsha ingqondo - i yamaBolshevik ngengqondo Peklevanov ngo "vehicles Train 14-69" Sun Ivanova (1927), iNkosana ngo "Dream kabawokazi" F. M. Dostoevskogo, imisipres ngo "I Cherry Orchard" kunye Tsar Fedor Ioanovich. Le ndima UNikolai Pavlovich ufumana ngengcebiso omkhulu V. M. Moskvina. luck ezilungileyo lolwawo Skorobogatov indima mdlalo "Iintshaba" A. M. Gorkogo. image ngalinye, wadlala NP Khmelev, luphawulwa iimpawu zayo ezithile iimpawu, kuba ngamnye wafumana ukuphucuka yinqobo kuye. Prince ngo "Dream kabawokazi" eyenziwa Khmeleva nga vuphukuphuku nje ezibuhlungu.

Theatre. Yermolova

Ngowe-1932, UNikolai Khmelev (photo iqhotyoshelwe) ivula studio yakhe, apho yayikhona kuze 1937, wajoyina yeqonga. Yermolova. UNikolai Pavlovich waba ngumlawuli bezobugcisa yeqonga, kwaye imveliso yokuqala eqongeni omtsha - "Akukho idenariyo, ize ngequbuliso Altyn" - gqitha ithandwa enkulu. Kule sikhundla wahlala de kwasekufeni kwakhe ngowe-1945. Ngowe-1941, N. P. Hmelev ufumana kuqala Stalin Prize for impumelelo ebalaseleyo zokudala.

Award ezifunyenwe yi ekunene

Ngowe-1942, umdlali ufumana yesibini Stalin Prize ngenxa indima njengoononjineli xa zabelin "I yesicelo chimes" N. Pogodin. Xa nkundla bakhutshwe (ukususela 1941), N. P. Hmelev wamiselwa intloko inxalenye bezobugcisa Moscow Art Theatre, umlawuli ngo-1943 waba M. Moskvin. indima wokubonelwa ekunokuthiwa impumelelo enkulu njengoko TUZENBACH kulo mdlalo "Oodade ezintathu" A. P. chehova, kwango-1940. Ezinye izazi umdlali wayekholelwa ukuba kukuba nangobungcibi Nikolaya Pavlovicha Hmeleva. Zonke iindima kunye nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe kwayimpumelelo. Zohanjiso kubo Moscow Art Theatre ngo 1944. "Ixhoba yokugqibela" ngu Alexander Ostrovsky ngo-1946, kokufa kwakhe, UNikolai Pavlovich wawongwa Stalin Prize yesithathu.

udlula

UNikolai Khmelev, ngobomi ogama eyaphukileyo November 1, 1945, wafa igcisa omkhulu - eqongeni. Wawathetha indima Ivana Groznogo kulo mdlalo "unyaka nzima" yi A. uN Tolstogo. Yaba lo zokuqhelisela ilokhwe, umdlali yawa, oko wasiwa ngusihlalo we kumqolo wokuqala nobuhlanti. Ugqirha Ufikile waqonda ukuba N. P. Hmelev nontransportable ukuba uyafa. nomdlali Great bafudukela igumbi encinane avanlozhey, njengokuba kwindawo yokubonela waqalisa ukusebenza ngokuhlwa (kutheni siyawubhangisa?). Ngaba "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo", umculo phezulu kwi ibhola kwi irhuluneli kunye ukuhleka ababukeli abanyulu wafa ukubunjwa yesinxibo Khmelev Tsar UNikolai Pavlovich. Unobangela yokufa - stroke kunye zokuma.

impilo Personal

Wayeneminyaka eli-44 kuphela. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, sithi ukuba umntu "wayitshisa emsebenzini" - abaziveza ngayo theatre angamaGypsy kunye naye. Yermolova, le Moscow Art Theatre, naye, wafumana umsebenzi omninzi. Ukongeza, umfazi wesibini ka Nikolaya Hmeleva Lala waba emnyama omhle, wamtyhala ukususela Yanshina uthando olukhulu. Kodwa ke umphefumlo walo umdlali yaba lwesigypsy, fun and freestyle - ukucula rhoqo nomngqungqo kude isifingo endlini kwibhanka N. Khmeleva. Bathi Roma kunye kwaye kwaphemba umlilo apho. Kwaye ixesha negalelo sifo, ezingenakulinganiswa ukuma uNikolay Hmelev. ukuphila komuntu wegcisa 1943 yabalasela ubunyani kwazalwa unyana wakhe Alyosha, ngubani ngoNovemba 2, usuku emva kokufa kukayise kwakhe kwiminyaka emibini ubudala.

ezinye iinyani

Ukuze oku ungongeza into yokuba ngumtshana ka N. vnuchatny Khmeleva, nobizo lwakhe kunye nobizo (nangona ngokupheleleyo, patronymic E., unyana wakhe Alyosha yena engenabantwana) - omdlali of the Mayakovsky Theatre. Uluntu ngokubanzi, waba waziwa emva sokudubula oluthi "kabini yesicelo". Ekuphetheni nqaku, ungadibanisa ukuba UNikolai Pavlovich Khmelev wawongwa Order of Red Banner leMisebenzi kunye iimbasa kunye, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, obekekileyo kunye USSR State Prize (owayesakuba Stalin) ngo-1941, 1942 no-1946 ngokulandelelanayo. Phakathi imisebenzi ifilimu kuqatshelwe kwi umboniso 'Generation of abaphumeleleyo ", yakhululwa ngowe-1936. Wangcwatywa N. P. Hmelev kwi Novodevichy Amangcwaba eMoscow.