Umntwana up imithi ukuya kunyaka - yintoni, nini yaye ngoba?

Ingxaki logonyo inakekele ngokupheleleyo bonke abazali, njengoko eendaba ngakumbi nangakumbi ukwazisa malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezahlukeneyo kunye neziphumo kogonyo, ngoxa oogqirha bathi malunga yokumkhusela. Yiyo le nto kufuneka ukuba uqhelane kunye neshedyuli eneenkcukacha ugonyo komntwana kunyaka uze ufumanise ukuba yintoni kanye abazidingayo.

Ishedyuli Ugonyo - izindululo ezenziwe ngurhulumente

karhulumente nganye ngegrafu yayo ukuba enze ugonyo umntwana obudala bungaphantsi konyaka omnye ubudala nangaphezulu. Sithabathela ingqalelo ubudala bomntwana, ixesha lekhefu phakathi izitofu kunye nesifo kungenzeka kakhulu ukusuka apho umntwana kufuneka ukubethelela. Eli ugonyo sikuko yokuba isitofu ilawulwa kulo emzimbeni, nto leyo iintsholongwane okuncitshiswe efunekayo ekuveliseni omzimba kwizifo ezithile. uhlobo ngalunye ogonyo iye kuyabonisa zalo Izimo, nemihla ekucetyiswa kunye namacebo isicelo. Ngenxa yokuba onke amachiza ezahlukeneyo, isiphumo abathile kubo ngokwaneleyo ukuba ebomini, ngexa eminye ifuna revaccination.

nexesha nokugonywa

Lokuqala ugonyo umntwana ukuya kunyaka wenza ngxi esibhedlele, bonke abanye baya kubanjwa kwikliniki yabantwana. Zingaphelanga iiyure ezingama-24 wokuzalwa gonyo nxamnye hepatitis B, ngoko iintsuku 7 kufanele BCG. Okunika gonyo nxamnye hepatitis B oluqhutywa ngenyanga kunye iinyanga ezintandathu, kodwa ukuba umntwana usemngciphekweni, kunokwenzeka ukuba abele izitofu ezongezelelweyo. Kwiinyanga ezintathu umntwana aqale agonye nxamnye isifo somqala omhlophe, pertussis, ipoliyo, influenzae Haemophilus influenzae kunye nominxano. Re-ngqi kunye nepoliyo bagonywe kwiinyanga 4,5 no-6.

Cebisa ukuba imigomo ntoni ngonyaka, kuya kufuneka ukuba bagcine ugqirha usana. Ngeli xesha, kufuneka ukufundisa umntwana nxamnye rubella, imasisi kunye unoqwilikana. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva, elo xesha uza kwakhona ugonyo nxamnye unkonkonko, isifo somqala omhlophe, tetanus kunye nepoliyo. Emva koko kuza ixesha ezizolileyo, yaye kude kube lelo xesha, kude kokuba umntwana aqale esikolweni.

Ugonyo - nokuba inyanzelekile kubo bonke

Abazali abaphikisa kogonyo, senze rhoqo ingxaki umntwana avume ukuthatha inxaxheba enkulisa kunye isikolo ngaphandle zonke ugonyo. Enyanisweni, izenzo ezinjalo ulawulo okungekho mthethweni amaziko emfundo, kodwa kwelinye icala, izenzo ezinjalo ziyacaca, kuba akukho mntu ufuna esichengeni impilo yabanye abantwana. abazali bomntwana bakhathazekile yokuba ugonyo lo mntwana ukuya kunyaka kunokubangela umzimba wakho akusingisi kokhona kulungileyo; kodwa kufuneka uyazi ukuba nayiphi na isitofu sokugonya kunokuba ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga lwangaphandle, nto leyo eneneni kakhulu indlela ezilindelekileyo ukuya kwii ka pathogen kunye nophuhliso omzimba koku.

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba asingabo bonke zigonywe umntwana ukuya kunyaka ngenxa yezizathu okanye kubanjwa omnye de lokuzalwa lokuqala. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umntwana medotvod, olu gonyo Ungaqala kweenyanga ezintandathu kunye nonyaka, okanye kamva. Ngoko ke, olu gonyo umntwana emva konyaka kufuneka siqhubeke ukulandela isicwangciso ngamnye. Nakowuphi na umzekelo, umntwana ngamnye kufuneka abe kwiminyaka 6 ukugonyelwa imasisi, rubella, uqilikwane, no-7 - kwaphindwa BCG nxamnye ukubola komqala kunye nominxano. Olu gonyo yakutshanje mandatory lwenziwa xa eneminyaka engama-14, oku kuquka ugonyo nxamnye nominxano, ipoliyo, ukubola komqala kunye nesifo sephepha.

Iingxaki kunye nezingqinisiso zazo zokunqanda

Kakade ke, naziphi sokugonya - yinto engozini enkulu, kodwa kufuneka uqonde ukuba benze, ubungozi ngakumbi umntwana. Ukumqumbisa naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela ugonyo ukuze izenzo abangenazakhono lwe unesi okanye ulihlwempu-umgangatho lwamachiza, ngoko ezinye iingcali acebise ukuba bathembele ugonyo zikarhulumente ugonyo yenziwa ngeendleko zabo. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na into engaqhelekanga alandelayo ugonyo kuyimfuneko kuyo nayiphi na imeko, udibane nogqirha wakho, yena oya kuba nako ukuchaza unobangela kwaye kunceda umntwana.