Ummeli womthetho wengane kunye namalungelo akhe

Umthetho waseRashiya kumgangatho wezomthetho wommeli womntwana uthetha ntoni? Yiyiphi imithombo esemthethweni elungisa amalungiselelo kubameli bomntwana? Yonke le mininzi imicimbi ibalulekileyo kwimida yentsapho kunye nomthetho wabantu. Eli nqaku liza kubonelela ngokubanzi inkcazo yezomthetho yabameli bezomthetho zabantwana.

Ngubani ongathiwa ngummeli wezomthetho?

Ebomini, ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka kujongane nokuphulwa komthetho. Ngamanye amaxesha kungekhona abantu abadala kuphela, kodwa nabantwana abancinci, abahlali abangazange bafikelele kwiminyaka eyi-18, baphula umgca ovumelekileyo. Abantu abanjalo abanako ukufumana iisethi zonke zamalungelo, kuba abanako ukufaneleka. Iminqweno esemthethweni yabantwana enkundleni inokumelwa zizihlobo zabo. Ngokutsho kweSiqendu 52 soMthetho weNkqubo yoLuntu weRussia Federation, abazali, abazali abavayo, abagcini okanye abaphathiswa bangaba ngummeli womthetho ngokomntwana.

Ukuba ngumbuzo wecala, ummeli womthetho ngummangalelwa kumntwana wakhe. Ngelo xesha, umthetho, ngokukodwa kwiSiqendu 64 seNkcazo yoNtsapho yaseRashiya, ithi abantu abadala abanalo uxanduva lokumela iminqweno yomntwana - kodwa kwezinye iimeko. Ngokuqhelekileyo le meko iyaqhubeka xa kukho ukungqubuzana phakathi kwabazali nabantwana ekuphelelweni kwemisebenzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, lo mgaqo awuyi kusebenza kwiimeko xa umntwana eba ngumxholo wesilingo. Apha umzali unomsebenzi wokumela umntwana wakhe.

Kutheni ufuna ummeli wezomntwana?

Ngomntu ongekho mfuneko, urhulumente akakwazi ukufaka izicelo zomphakathi. Ummi ongazange afumane iminyaka elilishumi elinesibhozo akakwazi ukusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo amalungelo akhe. Yingakho uxanduva lomntwana lulele kumahlombe kwabazali bakhe.

Lo mkhuba uphunyezwa kuwo onke amazwe aphucukileyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba umntwana wenza nayiphi na ityala, uxanduva aluyi kulwa naye, kodwa kubameli bakhe bezomthetho. Umntu omncinci akakwazi ukumelana nomthwalo oza kuwubeka uhulumeni.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kommeli wezomthetho kwincinci kwinkqubo yenkundla

Abazali, abagcini okanye abagcini bemali bangabamba njengabameli bezomthetho kwiimeko ezimbini ezibalulekileyo: ngexesha lovavanyo kunye nokupheliswa kwempahla. Okokuqala, kufuneka sicinge ngolu hlobo lokuqala.

Akuqhelekanga ukuba abantu abaselula babandakanyeke kwiinkqubo zobugebengu. Akunjalo nje ngokuba ngabachasayo: ngokuphindaphindiweyo njengabaxhasi okanye ngamangqina. Kule meko, abazali kufuneka bavele phambi kwenkundla. Ziziphi amalungelo azoba nazo?

KuLungelo loMmeli wezomthetho woMntu omncinci

Umzali, umgcini okanye umgcini womntwana kufuneka athathe inxaxheba kwinkqubo yezobugebengu. Kumele aqhube ukuphenywa nomntwana, ukubeka iliso ekuphunyezweni kwamalungelo omncinci, ukuya kuzo zonke iintlanganiso zeekundla kunye nokuvalelwa. Amalungelo nemisebenzi yommeli wezomthetho iya kubandakanya:

• Ukuqonda oko asityholwa khona;
• Ukukhuselwa ngokugcwele kwamalungelo omntwana;
• Ukwazisa ngezinto zokwaphulo-mthetho ;
• Ukuhanjiswa kwexesha kunye neengxaki;
• Ukufumana izaziso kunye nezinye iifom zamaphepha afanayo, ukufundisana nabo;
• Ukuhlawula, ukuba kuyimfuneko, igqwetha, kunye nentsebenziswano esondeleyo naye.

Umsebenzi wommeli ommeli womntu otyholwa kumncinci uya kubandakanya ukutyikitywa kwamaphepha onke afanelekileyo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ityala, apho umtyholwa okanye ummangalelwa ngumzali okanye umgcini womntwana omncinci, ngokwayo kunzima kakhulu kwaye akuqhelekanga. Yingakho kubalulekile ukugqamisa inani lamalungelo akhethekileyo ommeli wommeli omncinci.

Udidi lwamalungelo akhethekileyo

Ngangakanani ubungakanani kwi-rekhodi yokugcinwa kwirekhodi yezobugqwetha ezahlukeneyo kunye nempawu, kuphela umntu ochaphazelekayo kwinkqubo unokufumana ingcamango. Ukuba umzali, umgcini okanye umgcini-mvume ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakhe uba yinkqubo kwilingo, kufuneka uqeshe ngokukhawuleza ugqwetha. Kuya kunceda ukugqiba inkqubo ngokuphumelelayo njengoko kunokwenzeka.

Ukuba umntwana ufuna ukuba udliwano-ndlebe naye, amapolisa azise ummeli wakhe omthetho. Amatyala angekho mthethweni xa umbuzo omncinci uphendulwa, kwaye umzali wakhe akasoli nto. Amapolisa aphulaphula imigaqo esekelwe ngumthetho. Akwamkelekanga ukusongela umntwana, ukumxhaphaza okanye ummeli wakhe.

Ummeli womntwana kufuneka kwakhona afake isikhalazo sokukhuselwa komntwana, ukuba lo mva ungqina. Ukuthintela oku, kunjalo, akukho mntu unako. Ngaphandle koko, ummi kufuneka enze ngokukhawuleza kwi-ofisi yomtshutshisi.

Abameli abaxanduva

Yonke inkqubo yezobugebengu yanamhlanje yakhiwa ngendlela enokuthi umntwana athathe inkohlakalo encinane kwinkqubo eqhubekayo. Ngaphezu koko, xa uphando lonke, umthetho kufuneka umele kwicala lomtyholwa ukuba uncinci. Kubonakaliswe kumsebenzi wabameli bezomthetho womsolwa omncinci okanye umtyholwa ukuba asebenzise amalungelo abo. Ukuba, nangona kunjalo, umzali, umgcini okanye umgcini wecandelo unquma ukungazicaluli ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo, ngoko oku kuya kuthathwa njengengqalelo yokunyanzeliswa komsebenzi wakhe. Ukungasebenzi okunjalo kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kumntwana. Abazali abangathobeliyo baya kugxothwa kwaye bahlawulwe iiruble ezilishumi elinesihlanu. Ummeli omtsha uya kuqeshwa kumntwana - ngeli xesha evela kwilizwe.

Iintlobo zabameli bezomthetho

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye neentlonipho zenziwa ngabantwana abashiywe ngaphandle kobazali. Abantu abanjalo basemagunyeni kaRhulumente. Njengomthetho, xa imeko yecala lolwaphulo-mthetho, ummeli wabo wezomthetho uba ngumqeshwa weyunithi yesakhiwo segunya elilawulayo.

Uluhlu olupheleleyo lwabantu abangaba ngummeli wommeli wesityholo okanye ummangali ubhalwe kwi-Federal Law kunye neNkqubo yeNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho yaseRashiya. Olu luhlu alubandakanyi, umzekelo, utitshala okanye umlawuli weziko lemfundo apho umntwana, umntakwabo okanye udadewabo, unina okanye umalume wakhe ufundisiwe, ukuba abayi-trustees okanye abazali abazali.

Ukwenziwa komsebenzi

I-Code Civil yabasebenzi baseRashiya ihlukanisa abantwana kwiindidi ezibalulekileyo: i-juveniles, oko kukuthi, ngaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-14, kunye nabantu abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-14 ne-18. Udidi lwesibini lunamandla amaninzi kummandla wokugqitywa kwemali. Oku kubandakanya ukuphelela okuzimeleyo kwezivumelwano, ukutyikitya kwamaphepha kunye nokunye okuninzi. Ukuqhutyelwa kweentengiso ngabantu abaselula kubonakala kuphela ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwabameli babo bezomthetho. Ukumela kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngokubonisa ipasipoti, isitifiketi sokuzalwa somntwana, isitifiketi sokumkelwa okanye ukugcinwa. Umntu omdala makasayine amaxwebhu kumntwana wakhe, agqibe isivumelwano kunye nokuphatha ngokucacileyo ebomini babantwana egameni lakhe. Njengomthetho, oku kubhaliswa komntwana kwintanga yesibini, ukungena esikolweni, njl njl.