Trumpeter Infusorian: isakhiwo, ukuzala, ixabiso wendalo

Yonke Internet izaliswe amanqaku malunga ciliate-izihlangu. Nangona ulwazi malunga trumpeter abahlupheke kakhulu, ukuba uwafunde musa rhoqo banethuba, zamadoda kukuba yenye abemi yeyona ixhaphakileyo amachibi. trumpeter Infusorian maxa wambi ngokuphosakeleyo suvoek okanye rotifers. Amabali ukwazi abantu ayibonakali inyaniso, bambalwa ukuba bakholwe ukuba kukho kweli hlabathi lenyama hlamarisa.

Imvelaphi yegama

Igama ciliates uthetha ukuba ngokwayo. Ziphuma ngembonakalo yakhe. Imilo wakhe ciliate yomzimba Stentor ufana ixilongo zikaJ okanye uphondo. It has ezifanayo kunye kwizele kakuhle ukwandisa, nto leyo ekugqibeleni iya kwi sokethi kwakunye isixhobo komoya. Noko ke, infusoria ezinjalo kuphela xa uzolile. Ukuba kuphazamisekile, oko kukuthi, ngenxa kwimicu yayo izihlunu, xa uba ngathi ibhaluni.

Amanzi ciliate-zenkohlakalo i intsapho "zenkohlakalo", nto leyo sodidi Stentor (blower). Igama Stentor wafumana ziintsomi zamandulo zamaGrike. Yeyona isigidimi, ilizwi elomeleleyo, ukuba isetyenziswe isaziso imimiselo yokumkani.

Stentor: inkcazo emfutshane

Ngokufutshane wabeka, yintoni Stentor, oko edada kunye ciliates sessile. Ciliate-blower (inkcazo emfutshane): inxalenye olusezantsi Isiqu evuthelweyo reducible leyo uyakwazi entabeni infusorian ukuba izinto phantsi kwamanzi. Eli nyathelo kwenzeka ngoncedo lwe yencindi secreted Stentor.

Ebona ingozi likhaba isigodlo player nesantya iqala ukunciphisa, ngeli xesha umzimba wakhe zixinaniswe. Ukuze asindise ubomi bakhe blower infusorian kungancitshiswa ukuba amaqhezu ezimbalwa wesibini kwisithathu ubude! Kwindawo yokuqala, ibuyisela kancinane eli xesha sele imizuzwana 10. Ukuncipha ekhuthazwa phambi ngaphakathi kwi seli Imisonto kwezihlunu.

Ukongeza, ukuba unalo ikhono elimangalisayo ukhuseleko. trumpeter Infusorian elinako imingxuma zakho zingenakubalwa umzimba encinane apho iintonga zifihliwe kunye tips omnyama, equlethe ityhefu. Ngabanye, watsho loo izixhobo omzimba nangoko, kwimeko okubi, uyafa.

Infusorian isasazeka ngesantya esiphezulu. Le ngcaciso ekunyaniseni lula ezihamba cysts elime ngumoya zasemanzini, izinambuzane, kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Cysts kwakheka kwiqondo lobushushu ngezantsi 0 ° C.

ukubonakala

umzimba Stentor unohlobo ifanele-ezimile iimpawu, ekupheleni kwayo ngaphambili yandiswa ngendlela ifanele. Kuyinto endle peristomalnoe ekupheleni engaphandle apho lokuhlanganisa isiliya lwabo olude membranelly ngohlobo ibekwe apha ukuqanda ngomlomo.

Melenkie isiliya phantsi inwebu egubungele imiqolo longitudinal le ciliates umzimba uphela. Kukho iintlobo umzimba wakhe ngaba kuphela umbala semvelo: sesigodlo ixilongo blue okanye bhlowu noluhlaza.

Ezi ciliates ezi ubukhulu ukusuka 1.2 mm ukuya 3 mm. kwabo kungaba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Mobile.
• Izihlalo.
• Colonial.
• Single.
• Ukutshintsha ukuma iiseli.
• Musa ukutshintsha imilo le iiseli.

On top of esiseleni endoplasm layigubungela ukuba imbono siderogenous, kunye shell kakhulu ashinyeneyo.

trumpeter Infusorian: systematics

Ukuba sicinga maxilongo ngokwemiqathango KABLOOM, ezi elula kwi ciliates unit raznoresnichnyh. Njengokuba kwezalamane ezisondeleyo, ngomhla isiliya imizimba yabo iintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo - elifutshane elide.

isiliya elifutshane, ezo zenzelwe yokudada, umzimba Stentor zifakwa ngokulinganayo. amashiya Long zikufutshane emlonyeni, ukunamathela ngokusondeleyo omnye komnye. Baya bakhonza ukwalathisa amanzi emlonyeni lokuvula. Akukho mahluko phakathi kwabo kungabonwa, ngaphandle ubude, isakhiwo esifanayo.

ukudla

Uphawu elula yonke imisebenzi yobomi, kuquka ukutya. Ifidi efanayo nendlela ukwetyisa kwi Stentor - umbuzo umdla kakhulu. trumpeter Infusorian iqwalasela iintsholongwane ukutya ezingundoqo. Kunye nale izinto ezityiwayo nawo lenyama ezincinane ulele ezincinane kunye namanye amasuntswana emanzini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, maxilongo, besaphula imithetho ubucukubhede, qubha eyandisiweyo ekupheleni phambili komzimba. Esi siphakamiso olucothayo kubanceda ukuba ukufaka ngempumelelo ixhoba ekujongwe. ukutya Fine ungena umlomo ngakumbi emqaleni trubkovidnuyu. Intsalela emva kokudla ukwandisa kokwenziwa nge poroshitsu.

Ciliates sisidalwa adla, wayesoloko wavula umlomo wakhe, yena uhlala kuxhaswe. Kuphela ngexesha lokuzala, le nkqubo kupheliswa. Inkoliso yabo ingqalelo ngamarhamncwa.

indlela yokuphila

La maziko aphambili ezilawulayo zezi ezingundoqo Stentor. Ezi nkundla ke zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iinkqubo esiseleni uyakwazi ukuqhubeka ukunyhashwa kakuhle kwaye wakulungisa. Ciliate blower unendlela Akumangalisi ukuba ngokukhawuleza umzimba ukuya fom yokuqala emva kokonzakala. Nokuba xa wagawulwa lube ziinxalenye eziliqela, ngamnye kubo emva iba Stentor encinane umzuzwana, ke ngoko, esidla ngokukhawuleza, uzuza kubungakanani bayo boqobo.

Inye kuphela ekufuneka uyenze - kuba phambi kwi lonke macronucleus. ukuthatha Xa nethontsi amanzi echibini kunye awile niyibeke phantsi neemicroscope, unalo ithuba lokubona ubomi ezi abameli abatsha kwihlabathi izilwanyana ezincinane, leyo umdla kakhulu.

Stentor: isakhiwo yangaphakathi

In Stentor enye contractile vacuole. It iqulathe itanki kunye imijelo ngenxa. Eyona uphawu apho ubume ciliates - yinto engundoqo macronucleus enkulu. Okulandelayo kuye, kukho micronuclei ezininzi ezincinane.

Kwakhona sibe trumpeter kunye engundoqo encinane, maxa wambi kuya kubakho ezininzi. Ubume be-ciliates ziquka asakhasayo vacuole wokudla, isiliya, ziikristale, umlomo, vacuole wokudla, susa indawo ukutya (poroshitsa), nucleus kunye nucleolus, lo vacuole contractile.

Ciliates Trumpeter: yokuzala

Stentor uphawu ukuzala maqanda. It ikhutshwa phandle ezinqamlezayo division ngokucandeka ezininzi okanye amagqabi zibe mbini, ezidla kwenzeka kwimeko svobodnopodvizhnom.

Xa reproduction maqanda yi ukwahlulwa kwazo zonke nuclei, inkqubo trumpeter phindwa amaxesha amabini okanye amathathu ngeveki kumathuba ezahlukeneyo. Izinga le hlobo yokuzala kuxhomekeke ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo, oko kukuthi, kuqala kwiinto zonke, iimeko zokusingqongileyo: iqondo lobushushu, ubungakanani ukutya, njl

division Micronucleus kwenzeka mitonicheski. Macronucleus yahlulwe kuqala lubonakala ukuphinda-DNA. Xa hlanganyela ciliates nga bagcine ezithile organelles cytoplasmic. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba enobulungu abantu abaye baba kwakhona amashiya ezintsha kunye umlomo lokuvula.

Ciliate iqala ngamandla ukondla kukhula, kwaye emva koko livula kwakhona. Izazinzulu ziqhube inani elikhulu experimenti ukuba uphendule umbuzo othi, ngaba ezi zilwanyana lokuyivelisa elide kangakanani asexually.

Amalinge lubonise ukuba izizukulwana ezimbalwa kumjikelo wobomi ciliates kufuneka ngokwesondo yokuzala okanye conjugation inkqubo, ngexesha apho abantu ababini ukudibana nabanye esiswini nganye. Apho kudibana yeqokobhe iyachithakala ukuba ibe ibhulorho cytoplasmic. Macronucleus aqale ukuba ndiludilize uwahlule ube microcores 4 engundoqo. Ezintathu kubo zatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye kweyesine ke ukwahlulwa kwisiqingatha. Isiphumo - ukuyilwa eziba inkunzi nemazi xa ciliates nganye.

Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo ukuzala alichaphazeli ukwanda kwenani Stentor. Yena negalelo kuphela ukuvuselelwa kwezakhiwo ilifa kunye ukuvela zizifundo ezintsha zolwazi yemfuza.

Stentor: ukubaluleka endalweni

Ciliates, njengezinye ezilula, kudlala indima abongikazi, amanzi angcwengekileyo kungcoliseko ngokutya iintsholongwane eziyingozi ezibolayo iintsalela organic. Xa inani lezilwanyana uyakwazi ukubona iqondo ungcoliseko lwamanzi.

Stentor kwikhonkco lokutya njengenye yeekhomponenti yokuqala. Ukuba negalelo iimeko zivuma, ukuba ziyazala ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kunye nentaphane alula la lokuba ukutya okuthandayo iintlanzi entsha, kwezilwanyana, izinambuzane kunye namachibi zabo kwindawo. Nevuthisayo ngexesha ke, ukutya ezigcina silwanyana sikhulu ngakumbi, kunye Qhotsa iintlanzi.

Thetha ezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo anengqondo. trumpeter Infusorian, ixabiso apho uhlobo namhlanje Kusekho obusemfihlekweni, kwanyanzeleka ukuba izazinzulu ukusebenza kwi khangela zonke iimpendulo malunga nale sidalwa. kuninzi ekusafuneka kwenziwe ukuze nazi, ukuqonda elula kancinane.