Ummangaliso weli hlabathi - yinto iingcibi eYiputa Ancient

Ngowe-1905, Archeologist Italian kunye orientalist uErnesto Schiaparelli, iye immortalized igama lakhe kokufunyanwa kwingcwaba Nefertari, umfazi wokuqala inqununu kaRamses II, mna wenza esinye wafumanisa. Kwi ibhanki ngasentshonalanga loMnayile liphela ukususela Luxor, wafumana iqela le necropolis Theban, tye ecaleni kuyo - yesisombululo weengcibi ayakhayo le neetempile zodidi entilini zookumkani. Le ityala, Deir el-Medina, ngoku ezaziwa yonke isazi njenge "indawo wenyaniso", isipili undistorted ibonisa indlela iingcibi ababehlala eYiputa koFaro.

Deir el-Medina wasungulwa uFaro Thutmoses mna, malunga phakathi kwi XVI. BC. e. Noko ke, yezandla uqinisile njengeveki kumaYiputa amandulo kudala ngaphambi kwesi siganeko. Abembi bezinto zakudala ngolwazi iimveliso ezaziwayo ekumgangatho ophezulu kakhulu ukususela kwithuba lobhedu ekuqaleni (malunga 3 amawaka. BC. E.). Bronze nobhedu wenza izixhobo, izinto, Izithombe kunye nezixhobo. Iron intsimbi yokuqala ekunqabe kangangokuba amaYiputa amandulo ithathwa kuye iinkwenkwezi ewile, owathunywa evela ezulwini.
Neengcibi eYiputa yamandulo, ukusebenza kunye nesinyithi, belisoloko kwixabiso, kodwa kwakungekho namnye ebaluleke ngakumbi bejewellery ukuba iphathwe ngegolide, namatye anqabileyo. Uninzi imihombiso kunye neempawu zonqulo, eyafunyanwa amangcwaba ooFaro neetempile, kuba nanto ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, yaye kwezobugcisa imveliso ayilungiseki unanamhla.

Elinye iqela usisiqalekiso zobuciko abo babesebenza ngamaplanga. Oku kwakuhambisana intswelo ngomthi ezikumgangatho ophezulu: omabini ngasechwebeni loMnayile wakhula, ikakhulu namasundu, moya imithi kodwa yesikamore. Phakathi kwabo bakholisa wenza ifanitshala. Ububange kurhwebo uFaro ukuba asihlangule eYiputa evela kumazwe asempuma bangcungcutheke komboko, behamba kwiimfuno enqanaweni. Kwaye ukusuka nemisimbithi, South ngaphandle kakhulu esixabisekileyo esivela apho eyenziwayo nezinto zodidi nefanitshala kwezakhi eliphezulu yoluntu.

Zizodwa amagcisa owadala ilitye elements ngamnye bobugcisa kumangcwaba magingxigingxi yaye neetempile. Nangona imeko ilungelo kakhulu, bona baxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo imiyalelo likaFaro okanye umbingeleli. Akukho mntu, ngaphandle kwabo, "nokubanjwa kwezinto wezakhiwo" azizange kuyimfuneko.

Kuba abantu abaqhelekileyo ekujongwe imveliso dongwe neengcongolo. Neengcibi eYiputa yamandulo buzinzile ngobuninzi zomdongwe zentengiso kunye nezitulo eziethe, bebasa, iingobozi. Izitya zingaqondwa kufunyanwa imihombiso ngohlobo yamanani, imikrolo, imifanekiso yezithixo, abantu kunye nezilwanyana.

Ukuveliswa ngelinen lisukela emva yaka wokuqala koFaro. Hlalu kunye oomatshini nkqo nkqo. Obuvelisiweyo kunye nepeyinti ukuba angcolise ubungangamsha kuyo. Malunga iingubo zelinen enemibala nga kugwetywa imizobo umbala kwamangcwaba neetempile.

Lo mfanekiso abuyonto ngaphandle kokuchaza ukuveliswa Papyrus, nto leyo eye yaba luphawu ebalulekileyo kwimbali yamandulo zaseYiputa. Lodwa phezu isityalo processing of abalimi yeziqholo emlanjeni Delta intabalala, naye banawo kuFaro. Neengcibi eYiputa yamandulo baphathwa yeziqholo ifayibha kunye iindiza, waza wafumana papyrus ekubhaleni, ifikelele ukuba ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga neziganeko ezenzeka kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo ngalo.

Ukusuka zafunyanwa ngexesha ukumba e Deir el-Medina, iinkcukacha ezininzi njenge kaMoses phezulu omnye umfanekiso, ebonisa ubomi amagcisa eYiputa yamandulo. Kwelinye icala, baba ngamakhoboka izinto ezifihlakeleyo ukuzibandakanya kwakhe ukwakhiwa emangcwabeni; ngokuba ngamnye kubo wathabatha umphathi care, kunye lali ndahlula lonke elimiweyo neendonga eziphakamileyo. Noko ke, baye bavunyelwa ukuba baphile kunye nabafazi nabantwana babo. Yaye jikelele, xa kuthelekiswa namanye amagcisa yezikhundla zabo kubhekwe nelungelo.

Ukusuka Deir el-Medina inxibelelene ngendlela emangalisayo kwihlabathi lamandulo isiganeko - ugwayimbo lokuqala kwimbali yoluntu! Ewe, iingcibi eYiputa yamandulo kanye nobuganga babange amalungelo abo emveni kokuba kudala sele ihlawulwe nto emisebenzini yabo. Uxwebhu ithetha oku njalo kuxokwa "kusehla Papyrus."

Nabani na okhe singangaso eYiputa, watyelela lwembali yakhe, wabona indalo wezandla zabantu ngelo xesha lwakhiwe izakhiwo amakhulu, uyayiqonda nto iphambili zehlabathi apha - hayi iiphiramidi sarcophagi, kodwa ukwenza abantu obulula ababesazi okuninzi malunga yobugcisa wam akazange ukuphila akuveli ukufumana kwakhe umvuzo befanelekile.