Ikhetha RCD: umgaqo amanyathelo kunye neendidi

RCD (isixhobo eyintsalela current) eyenzelwe ukunqanda iziphumo eziyingozi ebantwini nakwizilwanyana xa zoqhagamshelwano zombane zangoku iindawo ubomi kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane kunye nangaphantsi ombane. Omnye umsebenzi obalulekileyo isixhobo ukuthintela imililo xa kukho ukuvuza yangoku emhlabeni. Isiphumo akhuselayo lokuqhawula-mbane phantsi meko zilandelayo:

• iingcingo umzimba isixhobo walifaka, ngawo umzimba emhlabeni;
• izinto Ukuthwala contact zangoku iindawo kwabafileyo emhlabeni ekwambathiseni zombane ezibangelwa umonakalo;
• ukutshintsha oyicinezelayo (eBhayi) kunye cala (N) abaqhubi kwisekethe yombane.

RCD ukwakhusela uthungelwano evela ngenxa yokwanda ngamandla. Ukuze oku cala kwi kwigalelo isixhobo kwaye isigaba output elidityaniswe nokumelana non-linear. Zahlula ngoku aqukuqela kuyo xa ukunyuka ombane ngasentla 270, emva koko i-RCD akhubazekileyo.

izixhobo zokhuselo ayahluka uhlobo kunye nemigaqo zokusebenza. Enye elula kakhulu a RCD uyakhetha, ukunika ekujoliswe ngaphandle amaqela umthwalo. osemqoka kwayo phantsi isantya lisebenza uphawu (uhlobo S okanye G). It lifakwe kufutshane umthombo, iye umahluko ngama nokukhubeka zangoku 100 Ma okanye 300 kwaye luqinisekise ukuba ukucima emva RCD yokuqala eqhelekileyo elahliweyo kubathengi.

Ngenxa yoko, ukhuselo mihla seentambo lwamandla isekelwe ekufumanekeni iimpazamo kunye neziza ngamnye khubaza lingayisebenzisi kwiinkqubo kwimo yesiqhelo.

wenza i RCD njani?

RCD ikwabizwa ngokuba intsalela yangoku full wesekethe. Injongo uhlala: vala wesekethe xa kukho ukuvuza yangoku. Into ephambili isixhobo transformer toroidal kwenyukwa ezininzi yesigaba kunye zero izinikezeli ifakiwe sokubala. Lo mhlaba otsalayo Umphumela ukusebenza eqhelekileyo ifowuni kuhlala zero. Ukuvuza kwi emhlabeni unika imali eseleyo kwi ezizisekondari jiko ombane, apho xa lwathi wukulu ethile evala phantsi beesekethe ngokusebenzisa asibambe actuator.

Kuba RCDs kufuneka oyicinezelayo PE kaloliwe. Kungenjalo, xa kho umzimba kwisixhobo ngenxa yokugquma eyonakeleyo, akukho ukuvuza yangoku, kunye kwebala kunye namalungu yesinyithi, nisekelwe (ubushushu kwiradiyetha, imibhobho yamanzi) kusenokuba umothuko appreciable. Kulo mzekelo, isixhobo zokuzikhusela iya kusebenza, kodwa kuya kuba ngcono ukuba ngaba avuze emhlabeni.

Kuba ukusebenza oluthembekileyo isixhobo yokhuseleko kufuneka kube phantsi. Xa ukusebenza loo ikhefu yesekethe RCD yesekethe phambi azingokomntu metal istili izixhobo okanye endlini.

iintlobo RCD

RCDs zihlelwa yi umsebenzi:

• AU - impendulo ivela ngesiquphe okanye ngcembe umahluko ukwandisa ukuvuza yangoku.
• A - ngakumbi owenziwe umahluko eliguquguqukayo rhoqo okhoyo angavela ngequbuliso okanye chu kunyuka.
• B - nokusabela AC kunye eliguquguqukayo ukuvuza yangoku.
• S - RCD uyakhetha kunye nokukhubeka bongezelwe ixesha-libaziseko.
• G - iyafana ne-S, kodwa kokulibazisa ngaphantsi.

Yintoni RCD ukhetha?

Le ngoku yama- kwindawo zasekhaya ubonakala zivela ekuhlanjweni oomatshini, dimmers izibane, umabonwakude, ikhompyutha, izixhobo ezisebenza ngombane kunye nabanye. Izixhobo kunye nokutshintsha izinto ngamandla. Ukungabikho kusahlulwa transformer kwi zixhobo thyristor-elawulwa baye banda kakhulu amathuba okuba ukuvuza AC okanye ngoku eliguquguqukayo. Ngoko ke, ukuba ese ngokwaneleyo ukuseta uhlobo ezithethi, ke ngoku kuyimfuneko uhlobo A okanye B

Apho ukufaka RCD?

1. kwiindawo zoluntu kwizakhiwo apho kungekho ngozi ugesi.
2. Unxulumano zombane kunye ingozi ugesi kunokwenzeka (kwimimandla kunye ngaphezu isiqulatho oqhelekileyo ukunyakama, iqela lokuphuma, izixhobo njalo njalo. D.).
3. Kwigalelo esingundoqo zokuzikhusela ingozi yomlilo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho iseti RCD uyakhetha.
4. Iibhodi Ulwabiwo phantsi amakhaka zokuhlala, kumakhaya ngamnye.
5. In iphiramidi ebonisa iinkqubo lwamandla: RCD jikelele uyakhetha kunye ethile imida diverter, kunye ukukhetha iinketho ukuqinisekisa nokukhubeka ukukhetha.
6. Kumanqanaba zangaphakathi ukhuselo, umz, m-10 no-30 Ma, kunye 30 Ma 40. P. selectivity Engalindelekanga yangoku RCD ngenxa ngesantya esiphezulu impendulo. Kuba ezi amaxabiso kubhaliwe kubonelelwa, ukuba pick up RCDs uyakhetha 100mA, ukuba kwakusekho Ukulibaziseka kwexesha.
7. Ngenxa yokuguga ekwambathiseni akusoloko kukho ukwanda kancinane ukuvuza yangoku.
8. Xa ukwanda lwephanyazo ye ukuvuza yangoku ngenxa yokugquma breakdown unokusebenzisa naziphi RCD eqhelekileyo ngokulandelelana kwi kwikhonkco. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa overruns okukhawulezileyo ezibalulekileyo kumanqanaba eziliqela yokuzikhusela.

Imfuneko yokusebenzisa RCD uyakhetha

RCD emane lenza umsebenzi umlilo ukhuseleko loguqulelo xa isicelo kwixesha ukulibaziseka - S okanye G. Ezi Iimfuno ezongezelekileyo kwi ukumelana kwiziphaluka ezimfutshane, amandla isenza, kunye nozinzo enamandla thermal, etc ...

Ngokuqhelekileyo umlilo engundoqo lokungena enyusiweyo emane RCD kwi ukuvuza yangoku enkulu.

RCDs ayikwazi ingasetyenziswa kwiisekethe ezingavunyelwanga ukucima ngequbuliso, ekubeni oku kunokukhokelela zonxunguphalo iimeko (umlilo okanye alarm abaqhekezi, ingozi kubasebenzi, njalo njalo. P.).

Ngaphandle RCD, ucalucalulo yangoku kufuneka breakers wesekethe. Okokuqala ukusebenza kufutshane kwindawo i sindisa okanye yesekethe elifutshane. Kulo mzekelo, olamlo beesekethe okubangelwa phambi isiphoso yangoku egqitha kumda. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuthintela sithwalisa Iweziqingatha ngokulandelelana idityaniswe, ekubeni ngoku aqukuqela abafowunelwa yamacebo zokhuselo.

Types of RCDs uyakhetha

Kuba uyakhetha nqumama RCD ebalulekileyo, kuye kwafuneka ixesha sisebenze isixhobo uhlobo jikelele elahliweyo ngezantsi scheme. Le fowuni ne uhambo Ukulibaziseka kwexesha edlula ngokwayo kunye ukuvuza yangoku ayivulwanga. Isithuba delay zingohluka kwezo imifanekiso. Kuba iimveliso abhalwe S 0.15-0.5 kunye, umzekelo, 100mA RCD 63a emane, kunye nokwenzeka lolungiso yokudodobala. Ukukhetha iya kuba ngcono ukuba zifakelwe ekungeneni intambo ngamandla kule ndlu. Ezinye iimodeli amazwe Ukulibaziseka kwexesha nakakhulu. Ezi nkundla ke zenzelwe ukuba vala wesekethe xa ukwenzeka ingozi yomlilo. Uqhubeka khubaza ukhuselo, kokukhona ukuba nokwenzeka ucinezelo yodwa.

Xa isixhobo yokumakisha G isebenza kuluhlu ukususela 0.06-0.08. Le fowuni yi ngokwaneleyo impendulo fast kwiingxaki womnatha. Kufuneka ifakwe ezantsi RCD uhlobo S uyakhetha. Xa ukhuselo isigaba-yomibini ingafakwa kwigalelo engundoqo, ekubeni RCD isantya enxulumene ngezantsi nangoku ngasentla.

Ukuba kukho uthungelwano amaqela eziliqela kwemithwalo, isixhobo eyahlukileyo yokhuseleko enxulumene phambi nganye, kwaye igalelo - uyakhetha RCD umlilo. Kuphela ke oko kuya iNTSHOLONGWANE amandla xa nandzu omnye imigca, kwaye abanye izohlala iqhagamshele. Ukuba scheme enjalo kulula ukubona uxhulumaniso ezinengxaki. Ukuba RCD yesiqhelo sinesiphene okanye akaziphenduli ingxaki kwisekethe ngoko ukusebenza RCD uyakhetha (300 Ma okanye 100 Ma) ukukhubaza network.

Ukuqinisekisa selectivity eziyimfuneko zilandelayo izixhobo sentlalo:

• Ukuseta ixesha lokuphendula le RCD ukukhetha, ukuba imisela ukuba kungenzeka onjalo;
• ukubeka parameters uhambo efunekayo kuxhomekeke ubukhulu bezinto ukuvuza yangoku.

RCD mpawu nokukhubeka inyathelo uyakhetha kufuneka ngaphezulu esele amaxesha inkulu-3 ubuncinane. Kuphela kulo mzekelo, isixhobo liqinisekisiwe ukusebenza.

iparameters RCD

RCD ixesha ezimbini parameter ichazwa ngokomgangatho Russian:

• off kwexesha - lokuphumla ukusuka elivela kuzo ukuvuza bodwa yangoku Δi de ekutshabalaleni le arc;
• umda wexesha izixhobo kusilela ezifana S - xesha lekhefu phakathi ekuqaleni ukwenzeka Δi kunye nabo lokuvula.

I Parameter wokugqibela lichaza selectivity ngenyathelo RCD. Its ixabiso umda 0.5 s. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ukukhusela abantu lokuvula kufuneka kwenzeke kwisithuba 10-30 ms, ukuthintela yokugquma umlilo - up to ms 500. S RCD ukukhetha elaliqikelelwe nohlobo ngokubanzi apho kuyimfuneko ukuphelisa positives lobuxoki kwimpembelelo uphazamiseko okanye igunya ngamandla.

Ngokutsho kwinethiwekhi cima ikhompyutha isantya RCD zahlulwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• ukusetyenziswa jikelele - ngaphandle kokulibazisa;
• chwetheza G - 10-40 ms;
• uhlobo S - 40-500 ms.

Ezi imisinga ukuvuza zisoloko ezikhoyo apho iisekethe zombane. Ngamafutshane, kufuneka ibe ngaphezulu kwe 1/3 isixhobo ababezibiza Δi. Kukholelwa ukuba A 1 babe umthwalo 0.4 Ma ukuvuza yabathengi ngoku,-1 m ubude kwesigaba umqhubi - 10 uA. isixhobo sokhuselo ulungisa yobukhulu lilonke ukuvuza yangoku zendalo. Ukuba wenza njalo, uya kuba ubala rhoqo. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba iyunithi kunye Δi = 100 Ma akayi ukukhusela umntu ukhatywa ngumbane.

Xa eyila iigridi amandla ayikwazi ucacise uhlobo RCD, ngoxa iingcali musa ukuba. Kodwa ukuthethelela ukhetho yabo kwangethuba kuyimfuneko. Kubalulekile ukuba ngoku rated ukuba lentwana eliphezulu kulindeleke umbane ngaphezu. Ukongeza, i-RCD ifakwe kuphela xa ukumatanisa ngendlela eqhelekileyo wesiphaluka-full. Unako ukufaka umatshini enye endaweni izixhobo ezimbini umehluko. Yena uya kuba atshiphu, kodwa i parameters zinokubazezi zilungiswe ngokufanelekileyo kulo meko.

ukhuseleko RCD kwiinethiwekhi ngocingo, apho kungekho Umqhubi olukhuselayo. Kodwa isebenza kuphela emva kokuba irwece indawo eyingozi.

Yintoni ukukhetha RCD ngomlilo?

Uyakhetha RCD 63A, 300mA lidla efakwe kwi ugwebu njengomlilo.

Abantu abaninzi basebenzisa umfuziselo generic eqhelekileyo ngokufaka izixhobo zokhuselo endlwini kwi-30 Ma. Apha selectivity umsebenzi "buso" lwenziwa ngenxa umahluko omkhulu phakathi imisinga evenini. Kulo mzekelo, ukonga kwi umahluko amanani. Ukongeza, i-RCD eqhelekileyo ukhusela ngcono ngenxa impendulo ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi xa ulungiso kwemisinga ukuvuza. Lo mahluko ukuziphatha isixhobo kukuba isixhobo sokukhetha icinyiwe xa umahluko yokuqala yangoku ilingana no okanye inkulu kuna 300 Ma. Le meko sele enkulu, yaye akukho umbuzo malunga nokuba okanye hayi ukuya panel yolawulo, leyo ibekwe esibondeni esitalatweni. Ekubeni ngoku elikhulu enjalo, basebenze RCDs eqhelekileyo mhlawumbi, ukuba ngozi yenzeke kumgca. Apha ke kuya gca apho ungajonga le ngxaki.

Ngenxa yoko, RCD umlilo lingamiselwa njenge uyakhetha kunye eqhelekileyo.

nabenzi RCD

Legrand Group umenzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle yehlabathi iinkqubo zombane kwizakhiwo. indawo Ukukhokela inika eyona migangatho iphezulu imveliso kunye notyalo ezinkulu iimveliso zombane ezitsha. Kuba Russia, i-Group usinika uluhlu yonke izixhobo zombane, ukusukela iziseko kunye itshintshela neenkqubo zokulawula entsonkothileyo.

Uyakhetha RCDs Legrand yi-elektronikhi kunye electromechanical (ibhalwe kwiqela lenjongo ngaphambili). Kuxhomekeka kwinguqulelo, oko lifakwe ukusuka kwicala okanye emazantsi breakers beesekethe. ixesha lolibaziseko adjustable (ngo 0-1,3) novakalelo. Ngokubambisana ngemipu machine zisetyenziswa izixhobo kakhulu ezibuthathaka okanye engundoqo yokhuseleko.

kumaxabiso RCD asahleli ephezulu, njengezinye iintlobo.

ABB RCD ngokugcweleyo lizisa uthotho F 200 - ukususela 16 A ukuya 125 A. Kuba 63A Inetweki yekhaya RCD ngokwaneleyo, 100mA uyakhetha. Ngu imisinga ukuvuza kwizixhobo ekhayeni asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiphakati ka 30 Ma. Njengoko ukhuseleko emlilweni nghena ukusetyenziswa ikhaya labucala uyakhetha RCD ABB (63A, 300mA) ibe kwipali ezine network ontlantlu-ntathu, njengomnye inokuthenjwa. Wayengenguye enasilela umgangatho iimveliso Legrand brand. Kuba zokuhlala kunye ezi-igalelo sisixhobo vuvabyi. Le ifoto ingezantsi ibonisa RCDs uyakhetha ABB 63A, 300mA.

I yangoku ubukhulu kuyo umatshini uyakwazi ukumelana uluhlu ukususela-3 ukuya ku-10 KA (eliboniswe kwiqela lenjongo ngaphambili). Yeyona elifutshane, kunokuba yangoku. RCD uyakwazi umvumele de umatshini ocima phantsi wesekethe.

Ingabinani yenye elikhokelayo, kodwa amaxabiso aphezulu kakhulu. Abathengi bathanda imizekelo abb, ngokuba ukhuseleko yeyona kuyabiza. Iveliswe unit umahluko ABB DDA200 AP-R uhlobo A kunye AC. Inika nexesha elide ka-10 ms, nangona akukho uyakhetha RCDs ABB. Nokukhubeka iimpawu curve kubhaliwe ibekwe phakathi RCDs eqhelekileyo kunye uyakhetha. Izixhobo liye landa omzimba ukuba ubala xa kuthelekiswa izixhobo ngokubanzi-njongo.

Ipesenti iziphene kwi RCD ABB uyakhetha, kwakunye nezinye iimveliso, yi-2% nje kuphela, ukuze iingxaki kumsebenzi kungabonwa. izixhobo Electromechanical kakhulu ikhuseleke ngekhompyutha kwaye bonke iingenelo, ngaphandle ixabiso. sele seziqalile ukuvela RCD kunye actuator elektroniki, hayi enasilela ukuthembeka ngoomatshini.

Kwimarike uyakwazi ukufumana imveliso kwi isiqingatha ngexabiso, kodwa umgangatho ayikho ngaphantsi ABB. Le nkampani kwakhona velisa series FH 200, nto leyo eye ixabiso eliphantsi kancinane, kodwa alahlekelwe kakhulu komgangatho iimveliso F 200. Ingakumbi, oko akukho qha ethembekileyo enjalo ukulungisa iingcingo ngokukhawuleza kuqala hang ngaphandle, ethe yabonakalisa izinga lomsebenzi.

Ukuba uba RCD ABB uyakhetha, oko kuphela kwiivenkile ezobuchwepheshe, kungekhona kwiindawo ezingaqondakaliyo. Yayingabhalwanga kuyingozi kuba awukwazi ukukhusela umntu ngendlela efanelekileyo. Kwizixhobo yemodyuli, uluhlu apho wabona samopalschiki RCD bahlawule eninzi ingqalelo ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu.

iqela Patriotic leenkampani IEK uvelisa malunga 7 amawaka. Amagama iimveliso ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ethembekileyo seentambo amandla.

Ukuze RCD ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eliphezulu. Kwelinye icala, kufuneka ukusebenza ngokuthembekileyo, ekhusela abantu ugesi, kunye nokufakelwa - evela kwiingozi ucinezelo. Kodwa enye yamacebo ezifakwe kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo eesekethe zombane, ukwenza ngokukhetha ikhubaze sites ngamnye. Ezi meko, ngokunjalo GOST 51326,1 ekwafanekisa uyakhetha uhlobo RCD IEK VD1 63S.

Product iqela emelwe amaxabiso nemisinga wesiqhelo ka 25-80 A, kwaye zahlula-imisinga 100 ma-300 Ma. Products zitshiphu ngaphezu iintlobo ezinkulu-igama yaye ngokubanzi isetyenziswa njengezixhobo igalelo lomlilo. Xa olu khuselo ibonelelwa ezinkulu imisinga umda ubuninzi selectivity kunye nokulibaziseka ixesha nokukhubeka kwiisekethe.

Ukukhethwa izixhobo zokhuselo

Ukuba amandla wombane obuselwe isekethe elula current sinusoidal aqukuqela wesekethe. Ukuvuza bekuya kufana ifomu kwaye usebenzise izixhobo AC-hlobo.

zombane Modern lusoloko isicelo kumphathi wesekethe ulawulo cut-off sigaba. uhlobo isixhobo isithethi ukuphendula kubo akayi kuba apha, kungcono ukuba usebenzise i-RCD uhlobo A, nayo ezisabela yangoku sinusoidal. Ezi zixhobo zingasetyenziswa kunye, umzekelo, eewathi izibane uhlobo efanelekileyo sisithethi, kwaye kwiivenkilana, leyo kuqhagamshelaniswa izixhobo kunye ukuzibabamba - uhlobo A. Kodwa ukuba ufuna ukutshintsha nogesi izibane ezonga umbane kunye ulawulo ukukhanya yi kwisigaba cut-off, nako indawo AC uhlobo isixhobo A. kungenjalo akuyi kusebenza.

Ukuze ukwahlula amanqanaba kwiisekethe actuation kufuneka basebenzise izixhobo sikhethe. Lokungena engundoqo uhlobo iseti S, kwinqanaba lesibini - G, ngoko izixhobo nokukhubeka nje ngephanyazo.

RCD ekhethiweyo inyathelo elinye ngaphezulu rated lwangoku kunokuba enxulumene ngokubambisana nayo utshintsho oluzenzekelayo ukuba unako ukusebenza ixesha elide xa kunene umthwalo. Ukuba ufaka matshini limi kwi-50 A, kufanelekile ukuba uyakhetha RCDs 63A.

Ngokutsho iimfuno imigangatho, kwiqela lenjongo isixhobo ngaphambili ibonisa ixabiso eliyimali le ombane kunye ixesha kunye nokutshintsha yangoku Δi. Ukuba kukho unyulo ibe sengozini sine - uhlobo lwe isithethi. Ukubakho ngaphantsi ezimbini kumjikelo isiqingatha esihle Uhlobo A. okukhetha RCD yi S kunye G. Iileta short circuit rated langoku kubonisiwe kwisakhelo. Le fowuni kufuneka ukumelana Kwingabula-ukuya kuma, de umatshini icinyiwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le yangoku akanaxesha ukufikelela kumda. RCD beesekethe likhubaza advance alusebenzi ayikenzeki, kunye nokugqunywa ubushushu umqhubi engakhange kwavusa.

isiphelo

Xa networks nendlu yombane isicelo selectivity yangoku kunye nexesha. Ukulungiselela le njongo, isixhobo sokhuselo shelwe series kwi mzobo emthini, apho omnye iswitshi kuqhelekile. Isiseko umgaqo amanyathelo ukunciphisa ixesha lokuhamba ezikhoyo umzimba qha ngqo okanye ngandlela yimbi ukuya izakhi zombane leyo aphantsi ombane. Uyakhetha RCD efakwe kwi ekungeneni kwaye enze umsebenzi komlilo.