Ummandla kwezoqoqosho Eastern eSiberia: izifundo, imozulu, izibonelelo ezingundoqo, labantu

ummandla kwezoqoqosho East eSiberia - enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo sikhulu kwaye iiyunithi ezifanayo sendawo 12 Russian Federation. Izixhobo zayo kunye kwezoqoqosho, kubalulekile ukuba uphuhliso lwezibonelelo kwilizwe liphela. Yintoni na ummandla kwezoqoqosho Eastern eSiberia, apho sibekwe khona, yintoni izibonelelo kuye yaye ziziphi iimpawu zayo? Makhe sihlolisise le miba.

nendawo

indawo okuyo - into yokuqala ekufuneka ihlawulwe ingqalelo. Le into ebalulekileyo ephembelela zombini imozulu mmandla kunye noqoqosho yayo.

ummandla kwezoqoqosho Eastern eSiberia ise kwinxalenye Asian ye-Russian Federation. Singene esikhulu indawo kummandla wejografi eSiberia. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lo mmandla yezoqoqosho emhlabeni phantse twatse i Siberian Federal District. I-ofisi yesithili ayibandakanyi District Federal kuphela ethile Western.

ummandla East-eSiberia entshonalanga ngayo imingcele kummandla West aseSiberia kwezoqoqosho, empuma - kunye East Ekude, xa ngasezantsi umda phakathi Russia neChina kunye Mongolia. indawo North zihlanjwe ngamanzi Arctic Ocean.

Region Economic East-Siberia ine indawo 4.123.000 km ^2. Oku iphezulu nje ubukhulu lommandla kwezoqoqosho Far Eastern.

Yiyo le indawo okuyo lamacandelo ezifunda Russia.

division zokuphatha

Ngoku cwangcisa ezahlukileyo izifundo ze-East Siberian kummandla kwezoqoqosho. Yahlulahlulwe yaba kwimimandla emithandathu zezolawulo:

• Republic of Khakassia.
• Republic of Tyva.
• Republic of Buryatia.
• kummandla Irkutsk.
• Krasnoyarsk Territory.
• Trans-zamanzi Territory.

kwingingqi nganye, nayo, yahlulelwe kwii kwimimandla yolawulo.

Ummandla inkulu - kummandla Krasnoyarsk. indawo wayo 2366.797 macala onke. M. km, nto leyo yesibini eliphezulu emva Yakutia phakathi zonke izifundo ze nakwiimanyano ezichaphazelekileyo. Koko ubukhulu kummandla kufuneka ibe Territory kwelentshona ye-izimvu, ummandla Irkutsk kunye Buryatia. Kwimephu, ungabona abangaboniyo umlinganiselo kwingingqi abadlali ezahlukeneyo kummandla wezoqoqosho nakwiimanyano ezichaphazelekileyo. Ubukhulu zincinane ndawo Khakasiia (61,600 km ^2.).

District Amaziko yolawulo ngabalawulwa nakwiimanyano ezichaphazelekileyo;

• Abakan (Khakassia).
• Krasnoyarsk (Krasnoyarsk Territory).
• Kyzyl (Tyva).
• Ulan Ude (Buriatia).
• Chita (Trans-izimvu Territory).
• Irkutsk (kummandla Irkutsk).

Nganye kwezi zokuhlala kubaluleke ngokukodwa ukuba ummandla. Zizo ezi izixeko ukuba ndinokuba neqhayiya eSiberia. Krasnoyarsk - isixeko likhulu kwalo mmandla kwezoqoqosho. Inani abemi kulo abantu kwesigidi ngaphezu. Ukongeza, loo nto ithathwa embindini lommandla kwezoqoqosho.

sezulu

A ubude enkulu kumntla-ngasemzantsi isizathu inani elikhulu imimandla lwemozulu kummandla we-hlulo.

Ngomhla kwiziqithi Arctic Ocean ibekwe intlango arctic nomnye kolawulo obushushu asezantsi on Earth. cover Snow apha unyaka wonke. Kufutshane kunxweme yolwandle na ummandla emathafeni. Iqondo avareji ngoJanuwari, kukho -36 ° C. Kunyaka kukho ubuncinane iintsuku ezingamashumi amane, ngexesha apho ubushushu idlula 10 ° C. Eli xesha ingqalelo ihlobo. Le iqhele emazantsi kumathafa zizityalo ephantsi, ehlotyeni epholileyo ebusika.

Ngaphezu koko boMzantsi Afrika kufuneka hlathi. Le ndawo ithatha inxalenye enkulu kummandla kwezoqoqosho. msebenzi wayo lokwahlula le nezityalo ezixineneyo thaca imithi ikakhulu emide. Ehlotyeni balapha shushu ebusika abangqwabalala.

Ukuya ngasezantsi ezi khosi emathafeni kunye emathafeni imimandla. Simi phandle ehlotyeni ashushu ebusika obubandayo kakhulu. Xa emathafeni ehlotyeni uwa imvula encinane kakhulu, notyani iqulethe izityalo ephantsi-likhula. Kodwa ke kufuneka ke ukuba emathafeni kunye nezowuni emathafeni ithatha kakhulu kwindawo encinane.

Kwakhona, ezintabeni, kukho iindawo imimandla altitudinal ukuba babe neempawu ezithile zemozulu.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lo mmandla yezoqoqosho yayiphawuleka uhlobo elibukhali lwezwekazi kwemozulu. Oku kungenxa kumgama elingeneyo Ocean. Ngoko ke, nokunyuka lobushushu yonke imihla yonyaka kwisithili yinto ebalulekileyo.

imithombo yendalo

izibonelelo zendalo kummandla East eSiberia kwezoqoqosho iphawulwe kakhulu iintlobo enkulu kunye nomthamo esitokisini.

Kwingingqi kukho imali enkulu zamalahle lignite kwaye nzima, negolide, neoli, intsimbi, nezentsimbi ekrwada polymetallic nobhedu-nickel. Kukho kwakhona oovimba asbestos, mifanekiso, ityuwa, talc kunye linguMika.

Kodwa ke indawo engundoqo yezoqoqosho - imali enkulu of yehlathi. Kuba esi salathisi, siqulethe iinkokeli phakathi izakhiwo indawo efanayo eRashiya.

amadama

Imithombo yendalo zibandakanya imilambo ezininzi kunye namachibi. Kuqoqosho, ukuba zisetyenziswa kuphela zokulima lokuloba intlanzi, kodwa nje umthambo yezothutho, kwakunye njengomthombo wombane.

Phakathi imizimba amanzi ezinkulu kufuneka yabelwe Lake zamanzi. Yeyona chibi zinzulu ehlabathini. Kubunzulu obukhulu 1642 m. Ukongeza, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba unikezelo ngamanzi amatsha kweli dama ukuya kwi-19% yabo bebonke yehlabathi.

Phakathi imilambo kuyimfuneko ukukhetha kakhulu elide Russian Lena River (4,400 km), i-Yenisei kunye Amur. Ukongeza, imithombo yamanzi emikhulu imilambo ezifana Tungusska asezantsi, Hatanga, Selenga, Stony Tunguska. umlambo ebaluleke kakhulu kuqoqosho lweli lizwe na Angara, leyo odibanisa izimvu kunye Yenisei. Lo mlambo uthotho izitishi zamandla ngamanzi, kuquka Bratsk sisityalo ngamanzi, ukuvelisa izixa enkulu umbane.

labantu yesithili

Inani labemi wafunda kummandla wezoqoqosho 8.4 yezigidi. Abantu. Ubuninzi babantu apha yenye kwanala aphakathi eRashiya, kwaye imalunga 2 ngabantu. 1 macala onke. km. Lo mzobo ulandelayo kuphela kwimimandla yezoqoqosho Far Eastern. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba emazantsi unalo inqanaba enkulu kakhulu kunokuba wonke ummandla East-eSiberia luphela. Apha nengxinano yabemi efikelela kwinqanaba 30 abantu. macala nganye. km.

ngabona lobuzwe Russian phakathi kwabemi kummandla kwezoqoqosho. isabelo sawo lidlula-80% yetotali yenani labafundi bebonke lommandla. Zonke ezinye iintlanga Zingaphantsi kubo ngokwemiqathango zokubakho. Kuba Russian Buryat sikhulu yaseTuva na - abantu bomthonyama awayengabemi kummandla kwezoqoqosho East Siberian. Inani labemi yalo mmandla kwakhona limelwe Ukraine AmaTatar, ukulidla, ngokulandelelana, yesine neyesihlanu ngobukhulu.

Phakathi abantu bomthonyama kufuneka bonisa Shor, Evenki kunye Dolgan. Kodwa ke inani labameli ze data uhlanga lincinane kakhulu. Ngaloo ndlela, abameli abantu Dolgan, kukho nje kancinci ngaphezu 5.5 amawaka. Man.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inani le ndawo, ukususela ngo-2012, wayemana enyusa, nangona ukususela 1992 kwenzeka kuwa ukuhla yezibalo kwenani labahlali.

imboni

Iimpawu zoqoqosho ndawo iphawulwe njengo kuphuhliso lwamashisini kunye nezolimo.

Eyona yesebe kuqoqosho yi imigodi. Kukho ezikhethiweyo ngokukhawuleza waseMpuma Siberian kummandla kwezoqoqosho kwimigodi. Ngokukodwa, singene indawo amalahle ebalulekileyo kwemigodi, neoli, kwaye nezentsimbi ekrwada zesinyithi ezahlukahlukeneyo, nto leyo sele ikhankanyiwe apha ngasentla.

It elula woshishino Eastern eSiberia. Krasnoyarsk idumileyo kuphuhliswa oomatshini enzima kunye noshishino metallurgical. Ukongeza, esi sixeko isityalo ekuveliseni amayeza, kwakunye inkampani, oveza TV.

E Irkutsk kukho mveliso egxininisa zobunjineli enzima, moya lwamashishini yokuvelisa, kunye nenkampani amandla inkulu eRashiya "Irkutskenergo". Oku akumangalisi, kuba umthamo wamandla inika Angara ayo inkulu. Ishishini ukutya isixeko nayo yaphuhliswa, ingakumbi imveliso yenyama, yobisi kunye yokubhaka iimveliso.

Lidla amathuba mveliso iye Abakan. Khakassia sibe nebhongo leziko enjalo. It has a mveliso imoto isakhiwo-enkulu, kukho inani lamashishini ushishino ukutya kunye nokukhanya, izityalo ezinkulu wamandla oshushu. Yempumelelo yakutshanje sibizwe ngokuba kokufunyanwa kunazo zonke izityalo amandla eSiberia amandla elanga.

Center zommandla Trans-izimvu - kwisixeko Chita - edume zobunjineli izityalo kunye nendlu-yokwakha iyibuyisele. Ukongeza, isityalo kokusungulwa yaqaliswa kutshanje. Kodwa focus eyinhloko uphuhliso lwezibonelelo imboni yezamandla Chita. Ngomhla kummandla dolophu izityalo amandla nje ezimbini thermal, leyo nikeza kwamandla ombane kuwo wonke loo mmandla.

kwimimandla woshishino omkhulu kweli lizwe ka Buryatia. Kwimephu, apho uchazwe apha ngasentla, ibonisa ngokucacileyo indlela kwiriphabliki eziyingqongileyo Lake zamanzi. kushishino equlunqiweyo yingxaki ebalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo ukuba ichibi. Xa ikomkhulu Buryatia, Ulan-Ude kakhulu liphuhlise uluhlu mveliso. Kukho engineering, amandla, imigodi, ukwakha, amashishini iinkuni processing. Ukongeza, kukho imibutho abazibandakanya imveliso yokutya kunye nokukhanya mveliso. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe inkampani "Buryatzoloto", benza kuphuhliso imigodi yegolide.

Ummandla kwezoqoqosho mmandla ngokwaneleyo i Republic of Tyva. Kukho lifikelele zesi ebonakalayo kuphela uphuhliso ishishini lemigodi.

Ngenxa yoko, iinkalo eziphambili oshishino kummandla noqoqosho yeyona kwemigodi, yokunyibilikisa isinyithi, processing iinkuni, ugesi, ulwakhiwo, kunye nokutya kunye textile iinkalo zolawulo.

ezolimo

Ngenxa yobume iJografi kunye nendawo imimandla yomntla ngaphantsi Arctic Circle permafrost yemveliso kakuhle kwi izilimo kunokwenzeka kuphela mmandla osemazantsi kwezoqoqosho. Kukho izityalo ikakhulu likhule. Isivuno eziphambili spring ingqolowa. Kwakhona unikezelo ifumene lukhula oats nerhasi. Phakathi izityalo zorhwebo mayibe nokulandeleka sugar beet, ezilinywa emazantsi kwi Krasnodar Territory kunye Republic of Buryatia. Ikhabe ezilinywa ngomlinganiselo yorhwebo kuphela Minusinskaya basin.

Imfuyo yokuzalela iqulunqwa kakuhle emideni yonke loo mmandla kwezoqoqosho. Kodwa kushishino ezikhethiweyo imfuyo ixhomekeke mmandla. Ngoko, kwi nxalenye yomntla Krasnoyarsk Territory kwi imiqathango lulimo tundra adle yenziwe kakuhle. Kwelisezantsi, kwiindawo ehlathini-emathafeni kunye emathafeni, iifama abandakanyeke iigusha lokuzala. Ngokukodwa, oko ligxininisa kwicala entle ecikizekileyo, eziphantse kunye mjasosherstnyh kunye idyasi. Xa hlathi kuphuhliswa ukuzala kuzingela izilwanyana ezinoboya-langa, kwakunye nezinye iindawo zokufuya. Ukongeza, kwimimandla esembindini esemazantsi kummandla wezoqoqosho oqhelekileyo ukufuywa. Fishing iyafumaneka phantse kuyo yonke indawo.

Ngokubanzi, kufanele kuphawulwe ndawo ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho imfuyo kuthelekiswa kwisityalo. iimveliso Crop eziveliswe apha, abemi akwanelanga, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba dovozit kwezinye neengingqi zoqoqosho eRashiya evela kwamanye amazwe. Oku ngokukodwa libizwe ngokunxulumene iziqhamo kunye nemifuno.

imizila Transport

Ukuhanjiswa ngumba obaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukuthembeka loqoqosho kwisithili, ogama intsimi ibanga amawaka eekhilomitha.

Kwimimandla ekumzantsi ummandla kwezoqoqosho kunye iziko solawulo Russia kunye East Far yi tracks ezinxulumeneyo. Ngokukodwa, indima ebalulekileyo eyadlalwa kaloliwe kwelentshona ye-eSiberia, ukwakhiwa apho waqala ngo-1891, yaye izimvu-Amur yokurhafisa, ukwakha ukususela 1938 ukuya 1984. Xa imigama ezinkulu ngenxa ukuthutha abakhweli kunye nempahla ngololiwe iye yasekwa ngokwalo njengoko kakhulu ngempumelelo.

Ukongeza, kuloo mmandla osemazantsi kwezoqoqosho wabeka inani emikhulu ezibalulekileyo ngokubaluleka federal. Okubaluleke kakhulu kule mizila R255 naseNovosibirsk - Irkutsk (Umendo "eSiberia"), R257 Krasnoyarsk - Mongolia ( "Yenisei"), R258 Irkutsk - Chita ( "izimvu"), R297 Chita - iyavuma ( "cupid"), A340 Ulan-Ude - Mongolia, A350 Chita - China.

mandundu kakhulu kunjalo amakhonkco zothutho ukuya kummandla esembindini kumantla kwezoqoqosho, ibekwe kwi Krasnoyarsk Territory. unxibelelwano kaloliwe engekho apha. Kukho iindlela zemoto zibaluleke yasekuhlaleni. Akukho imigwaqo emikhulu kule ndawo. Noko ke, kukho izinto ezimbini kwindlela federal, kodwa mahle elifutshane, wezokuHlaliswa ezinxulumene ne-moya. ukubaluleka yabo kanye ukuba umnyango ukuya unxibelelwano ezibaluleke qhinga. Le umendo A382 yokudibanisa Dudinka Airport Alykel kunye indlela A383, enika unikezelo elivela emzini Tours Airport Mountain.

Njengoko sibona, uqhagamshelo komhlaba kwimimandla esembindini emantla kwisithili liphuhlise ababuthathaka ngokufanelekileyo. Of ethile ukubaluleka ufumene izithuthi emlanjeni. Rivers Lena Yenissei, Hatanga, Stony Tunguska na backbones zendalo ezibonelela traffic ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi vice versa. Ngenxa imigama emide, kwakuhlaziya indawo ebalulekileyo liveza unxibelelwano umoya.

Kunxweme i-Arctic Ocean ke yiswe ka Dudinka, Dixon, Igarka, Noordwijk. Bona iisayithi kubalulekile nje ngenxa yokuhla Russian, kodwa kananjalo zonxibelelwano jikelele.

Ixabiso kummandla wezoqoqosho

Njengoko ubona, kunzima ukuba zazi ukubaluleka kummandla East-eSiberia kweli lizwe. Yena ngumthombo isixa esikhulu yezimbiwa ezifana amalahle, i-oyile, nezentsimbi ekrwada zesinyithi, igolide kunye nabanye. Isakhono woshishino indawo enkulu kakhulu. iindawo eziphambili: yokunyibilikisa isinyithi, imboni.

Of phawula ke indlela eyodwa yalo mmandla kunye imimandla zemozulu ezahlukileyo: kukho koozintlango kumathafa Arctic, hlathi kunye emathafeni. Hlathi uye zigcine iinkuni, iqulunqe wokufama, ukubonelela lizwe kunye oboya ezixabisekileyo. E Eastern eSiberia kukho enkulu oovimba bamanzi kunye chibi ntsumantsumane ehlabathini izimvu - gem nangenyaniso mmandla.

Ngelo xesha linye kumele kuthiwe ukuba ummandla kwezoqoqosho East Siberian kufuneka ukuphucula iziseko zokuhamba, kwakunye ekukhuliseni ukuphuculwa loluntu abahlala apha. Ezi ngxaki ayikwazi kuconjululwa kwixesha elifutshane. isisombululo yazo ifuna isicwangciso-qhinga kwixesha elizayo. Kodwa kubalulekile nje ukuba esi sicwangciso, kodwa babambelele ngokusondele kangangoko kunokwenzeka nokuphunyezwa kwayo. Kwaye zonke izibonelelo ukuze akwazi ukusiqhuba usisebenzise kwiMpuma eSiberia zifumaneka.