Umfazi wokuqala isithuba - nye phambi apho zezulu, "wayisusa umnqwazi wakhe"

Umfazi wokuqala isithuba - ayikho nje iphepha elahlukileyo kwi encyclopedia, hayi nje isigaba esilandelayo isithuba eSoviet-American ukuliwa, ukuba nkqu sifaneleka izikhuzo of sibe nentlonelo. Loo nto kokwenza kumzabalazo. Le ulwe nabo, neemeko kunye nendalo. Umlo, eyakhokelela ukungafi.

Umfazi wokuqala emajukujukwini, Valentina Tereshkova, ukufezekisa iphupho izizukulwana ezininzi earthlings ukubona iplanethi yethu evela phesheya ukufikelela ukuphakama inkoliso yabantu. URakeli wammonela, bayinqule oko, yaye abaninzi sympathized ne kuba baqonda ukuba ezi mini ezintathu ukubhabha iminyaka yoqeqesho olunzima kunye nokuvavanywa.

Umqalisi ukuthumela umfazi emajukujukwini yaba, Kakade ke, S. P. Korolev. Ugqatso isithuba phakathi kwamagunya amakhulu amabini emva moya Gagarin laphela nje kuphela, kodwa wafumana umfutho omtsha. Kwakuyimfuneko ukuba ubungqina entsha ezibambekayo yenkokheli inzululwazi yesizwe kunye nobugcisa. obo bungqina waba libhinqa lokuqala emajukujukwini.

Ukulungiselela le ndiza yaqala ngo-1962, xa kuyo eSoviet Union waqalisa ukukhangela amantombazana ethe abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30, ukukhula elingekho ngaphezu kwesinye elinamanci asixhenxe neesentimitha ngoqeqesho iparashute ezibalaseleyo kunye abalasela. Enyanisweni, ukuba baphumelele isihloko "libhinqa lokuqala isithuba," waphendula amakhulu contenders, kodwa ikhomishini lahlala phezu kwamagama ezintlanu, phakathi kwabo phantse ngoko nangoko wathabatha indima ekhokelayo Tereshkova.

ukulungiselela moya yaqhutywa iimeko ezinzima kakhulu, nto leyo bangathwali bonke abantu bangaba phantsi amandla. Ngokukodwa, amantombazana aselula compulsorily wenziwe ngokusebenzisa kwigumbi ubushushu ezizodwa, apho iqondo lobushushu zagcinwa kwi degrees asixhenxe ngasentla zero, kwaye avunyelwe ukuba eme ngeenyawo iintsuku ezilishumi kuphela. Ukongeza koku, ngexesha moya kwi-moya ngokukhethekileyo angaboyisi ezinokuba weightlessness isithuba umbutho iiseshoni, apho kwakufuneka enze imisebenzi ekhethekileyo.

Lo moya lokuqala cosmonaut umfazi lowo, naxa ingumbandela ozaliswe imibuzo emininzi edidayo, abangancedekanga nokuba bacinga ntoni xa ulungiselela abantu. Ukongeza, ixesha elininzi lichithwe kuqeqesho iparashute, kuba ngaphandle kwezi zakhono iya kuba kukubuya akunakwenzeka ekhuselekileyo kunye nesandi eMhlabeni.

V. Tereshkova ukhetho ayawa kuphela ngenxa yokuba krelekrele wadlula zonke iimvavanyo, ebonakalisa unyamezelo isityhwentywe semali, ukuzimisela nokuzithemba. Kubalulekile ke inkalo ebizwa njalo-ezopolitiko: njengoko Gagarin, uValentina wazalwa waza wakhulela indawo yokusebenza eqhelekileyo, leyo iqhotyoshelwe kubaluleke kakhulu.

Inqanawa, apho waba ngowokuqala mfazi-cosmonaut, lamiselwa Juni 16, 1963, flight yayo yathatha iintsuku ezintathu. Ngeli xesha, Tereshkova wenza lukhulu imifanekiso ngaphantsi komhlaba, wayeqhuba uthotho imifuniselo zonyango olwenziwa iidayari. Kwathi kanti kamva, ngexesha kwakhe phakathi yimbali 48 yena kokuhlangulwa ngendlela ukuqaleka eyoyikekayo, kodwa krelekrele bayizisa yaqalisa iphele. Buyela on Earth, ngoko nangoko yaba lamandulo.