Umbala amanzi. Icacisa iimpawu zamanzi

Yonke imibono ngemvelaphi yobomi on Earth ngendlela ethile enxulumene kunye namanzi. She is njalo nathi, koko, ngaphakathi kwethu. Eyona zesiqhelo, amanzi ocacileyo iqukiwe nezihlunu umzimba, oko kwenza ukuba umoya omtsha kunye yomntanakhe nganye. Kuzo zonke ezi nkqubo oko kuthetha ngenxa yayo ekhethekileyo.

Yintoni na amanzi: inkcazo

Ukusuka apho Ngenxa planet engundoqo ulwelo lwenzululwazi imele hydrogen oxide - compound yokubini ezingaphiliyo. Le ndlela yokubala molekyuli yamanzi mhlawumbi kwafika kubo bonke. isiqalelo ngasinye noshowo yayo luqulathe elinye atom ioksijini kunye athom ezimbini hydrogen luqhakamshelene polar covalent yebhondi. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, oko sikwimo elulwelo, akukho incasa okanye ivumba. Xa imiqulu amancinane amanzi plain ngaphandle admixtures yile nto enemibala.

Indima begazi

Amanzi - isinyibilikisi engundoqo. Yiloo nto ke uhlobo lwesakhiwo molecule ivumela inkcazelo enjalo. Iimpawu zamanzi ezinxulumene polarisability yayo: molecule nganye izibonda ezimbini. Negative ezinxulumene ne ioksijini, kunye ezakhayo - kunye atom hydrogen. Kwemolekyuli amanzi ekwaziyo zokubumba ekuthiwa-imixokelelwane hydrogen kunye amasuntswana zezinye izinto ukutsala athom oppositely ngemali yayo "+" yaye "-". Ngenxa yoko into leyo iba isisombululo kufuneka nazo ngamaza. Enye molecule kokuba ingqongwe amasuntswana eziliqela ngamanzi. Emva lokuguqula izinto uba reactivity enkulu. Njengoko isinyibilikisi, amanzi asetyenziswa zonke iiseli zezinto eziphilayo. Le yenye ezo propati ukuba kumiselwe indima ylo yexesha omzalayo.

ezintathu lithi

Amanzi yaziwa kuthi ngeendlela ezintathu: ulwelo, okuqinileyo kunye sukube. Eyokuqala kwezi kwiimo udibaniso, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, ngaba uphawu amanzi phantsi kweemeko ngumsindo. Ngamandla oqhelekileyo umoya kunye namaqondo ngezantsi 0 ° C kuba ngumkhenkce. Ukuba ubushushu umbandela ifikelela 100 ° C, umphunga ukusuka kulwelo kwakhiwa.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izinto ezakheke efanayo ngokuqhelekileyo zifumaneka zikarhulumente sukube kwaye abilayo indawo ephantsi. Isizathu sokuba uzinzo isalamane amanzi - ndisezintanjeni hydrogen phakathi iimolekyuli. Ukuya kwimo zomphunga kuyimfuneko ufuna bahlukane. iibhondi hydrogen banamandla ngokwaneleyo, awatshabalalise, isixa esikhulu eneji luyafuneka. Ngenxa yoko, abilayo indawo ephakamileyo.

ubuso amaphaphu

Ngenxa hydrogen lib amanzi ebonakala ukungaqondani phezulu komhlaba. Kule nkalo, le yesibini kuphela mercury. kuvela Umphezulu imimoya kwi elilujongano kwamajelo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ufuna nenkcitho ethile amandla. Isiphumo sale ipropati iziphumo umdla. Kwithontsi weightlessness uthatha imilo ungqukuva, ekubeni ulwelo ijonge ekunciphiseni kumphezulu wayo ukuze onge amandla. Ngokufanayo, amanzi uziphethe ngamanye amaxesha kwizinto nonwettable. Umzekelo - nombethe yokuhla emagqabini. Esebenzisa amandla kwempixano komhlaba phezu komhlaba emkhenkceni ichibi nga sikhukuliswe kunye nezinye izinambuzane.

An yokwambathisa okanye umqhubi?

Kwi impilo kunye nokhuseleko lwabantwana idla athethwa izifundo amanzi uqhuba kakuhle umbane. Noko ke, oku akuyonyaniso. Ngenxa yobume yesakhiwo, amanzi acocekileyo inqanyulwe okwanamhlanje non-conductive. Oko kukuthi, enyanisweni, kuba yinto yokwambathisa. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo kumkhawulela amanzi ukuze olusulungekileyo kungenakwenzeka njengoko iyachithakala izinto ezininzi. Kwaye sibulela ezininzi ubumdaka ulwelo luba umqhubi. Ngaphezu koko, ukukwazi ukuziphatha umbane kumiselwa angakanani amanzi acocekileyo.

Refraction kunye nokufunxwa

Enye impahla amanzi, eyaziwa ukususela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo yonke - ukukwazi sayo refract imitha ukukhanya. Emva edlula ukukhanya engamanzi iinguqu ezininzi ulwalathiso. Nale isiphumo ezinxulumene ne ukuyilwa nomnyama. Kwakhona, lo refraction wokukhanya, nendlela abayibona ngayo kuyo sisiseko iimpazamo ekugqibeni ubunzulu emanzini; ibonakala ezincinane kunokuba ngempela.

Nangona kunjalo, ukukhanya refracted spectrum ebonakalayo. Kwaye, umzekelo, reyi infrared amanzi ithathe. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho greenhouse effect. Ukuze siqonde iimpawu amanzi efihlakeleyo kule ndlela sinako ukukhangela iimpawu umoya Venus. Kolunye uhlobo lwe greenhouse effect kwi emhlabeni kukhokelele komphunga amanzi.

umbala amanzi

Nabani na okhe wabona ulwandle, okanye naliphi na iqumrhu amanzi kunye kuthelekiswa kunye ulwelo kwi iglasi, wabona amanye ukungangqinelani kwengcaciso. Umbala yamanzi yendalo okanye iqumrhu ngumntu amanzi ayisoloko idibana noko iqatshelwe ndebe. Kwimeko yokuqala, oko blue, oluhlaza, nokuba eluhlaza-mthubi, owesibini nje asifumaneki. Ngoko ke yintoni imibala amanzi ngokwenene?

Kubonakala ukuba ayikho ulwelo olusulungekileyo enemibala. Yena uye ithinti kancinane elinombala. umbala Water libunile kangangokuba hi mpimo lowutsongo kubonakala ukuba selubala ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kweemeko zendalo, ivela kulo lonke uzuko lwayo. Ngaphezu koko, elimsulwa abaninzi kwimeko kombane, tshintsha iimpawu zamanzi. Bonke bahlangana ubuncinane kanye oluhlaza echibini okanye izadunge sinombala.

Umbala amanzi obomi

Enamathela kwechibi uya kudla kuxhomekeka magciwane ngenkuthalo ziyanda ubumdaka ekuwo rocks. amanzi zana rhoqo kubonisa ubukho lisiza encinane. Kwimimandla elwandle, zipeyintwe umbala, ngokuqhelekileyo zasendle luninzi. Ngoko ke, abalobi basoloko sinikele ingqalelo umbala emanzini. amanzi angcwengekileyo blue amahlwempu ezincinane, yaye, ke ngoko, abo ukutya kuzo.

Ngamanye amaxesha amagciwane faka abangasekhoyo kakhulu engaqhelekanga. Eyaziwa chibi itshokolethi umbala kwamanzi. Umsebenzi ulwelwe ezineseli enye neentsholongwane wenza nomzimba aluhlaza amanzi kwisiqithi Flores e Indonesia.

E Switzerland Sanetsch Pass chibi ngamanzi eqaqambileyo epinki. Intwana ngaphezu umthunzi sakuba unomzimba yamanzi Senegal.

mangaliso ezimibala

emehlweni umxhelo livela phambi abakhenkethi eUnited States, wesizwe Yellowstone Park. Kukho ichibi Morning Glory. amanzi zayo umbala ecacileyo oluhlaza. Isizathu soku umbala - bacterium efanayo. Yellowstone kweegiza abaziwayo eziliqela kunye nemithombo eshushu. Emazantsi kwedike Morning Glory ise umlomo emxinwa ye-mlilo. Ubushushu ekuphumeni kulowo nokugcina ubushushu amanzi kwakunye nokuphuhliswa iintsholongwane. Xa yonke wawubizwa yikristale blue. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha emlonyeni mlilo manzi, leyo negalelo kunye nabakhenkethi kunye nothando lwakhe wagibisela eziinkozo kunye nenye imfucuza. Ngenxa yoko, iqondo lobushushu lehla, oko yaqala ukubhala ngokutsha ezinye iindidi iintsholongwane. Namhlanje amanzi ukupeyinta kuyahlukana ngobunzulu. Emazantsi eli chibi nangoku aluhlaza.

billion emininzi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, amanzi negalelo ekuveleni eziphilayo emhlabeni. Ukususela ngoko, ixabiso lawo bunciphe. Amanzi kubalulekile ukuba inani reactions kwemichiza kwinqanaba zeselula, ukuba libe yinxalenye zonke izicwili kunye namaziko. Oceans ithatha malunga ne-71% ngaphezulu umhlaba kwaye lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni uzinzo karhulumente kwenkqubo omkhulu njenge Earth. iimpawu amanzi Physical nemichiza ukuvumela ukuba ukubiza into yayo eyintloko kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Amadama, ukuba indawo yemvelo eziphilayo multicellular, ukongeza, abe ngumthombo ubuhle kunye nenkuthazo, bonisa ubuchule elikhulu indalo.