Ukuthengiswa kweso sityalo saseOdessa - isisombululo

Oorhulumente basekuqaleni baseUkraine abazange baqaphele ukuthatha le nyathelo. I-HMO ibaluleke kakhulu into yoqoqosho lwelizwe, kwaye ukuyithengisa kwizandla zangasese kuthetha ukuqonda ukuhlaziywa ngokupheleleyo kweenkqubo zezimali. Kukho kuphela amabini amashishini anjalo kuwo wonke umhlaba, iimveliso zabo zifunwa kwaye zibonelela ngemali eyimali yokutshintshiselana kwamanye amazwe. Kwaye ngoku kunqunywe ukuthengisa isityalo se-Odessa. Oku kuya kwenzeka kwikamva elikufutshane, ekupheleni kwenyanga okanye ekuqaleni kwelandelayo.

Imbali emfutshane yesityalo

Ngomnyaka we-1975, ngokuthatha inxaxheba kweMamericoneire Hammer, ukwakhiwa kwamashishini amashishini amaninzi e-USSR aqala ngelo xesha. Kwamazwe amaninzi, umveliso onjalo uvunyelwe ngumthetho, ngenxa yengozi yabo enkulu, ngoko umgangatho womsebenzi nokuthembeka kwezixhobo ukususela ekuqaleni kwaveliswa iimfuno ezifana neendawo okanye i-tekliya yamigaqo. Ngowe-1978, iimveliso zokuqala zase zihanjiswe kubathengi, yi-ammonia, i-carbamide kunye nezinye iindidi zemichiza eziyimveliso yokuvelisa umanyolo, ngoko kuyimfuneko kwezolimo kulo lonke ihlabathi. Ngethuba lokusebenza, isityalo siye sahlaziywa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kwaye iingcali zeso sikhundla esiphezulu kuphela. Abasebenzi bathola umvuzo ohloniphekileyo, babe nezinga eliphezulu lokhuseleko loluntu. Ingxaki kukuba kwiminyaka yakutshanje ishishini liye lingenzi nzuzo.

Kuthetha ukuthini isityalo

Isityalo sibizwa ngokuba yi-priportovy kuba umsebenzi wayo awunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwezothutho ezinamandla kunye neziseko zengingqi. Ukongeza kwiindawo zokuvelisa ngokuthe ngqo ezimelelwe ngamanyunithi amabili e-ammonia (ubunzima bonyaka beetoni ezingama-450 000), lubandakanya:

- Ii-aggregates ze-Urea, ezimbini, ngasinye sinomthamo wee-330 zeetoni ngonyaka;

- ubunzima bokuthungana kunye nomthamo weetoni ezili-5 zezigidi ze-urea;

- isitoreji se-carbamide esinamandla angama-46 000;

- i-transshipment i-ammonium complex with capacity of up to 5 million tons;

Ukulayishwa kwakhona kwakhona ubunzima be-methanol - amandla 1 million tons;

- igaraji le-methanol elinamandla angama-48 eetoni;

Ukulayishwa kwakhona izinto ezinzima kwiimveliso ezichumisayo-umthamo weetoni eziyi-0.5 yezigidi ngonyaka;

- igumbi lokugcina izichumisi zamanzi kunye nomthamo weetoni ezingama-36.

Kwaye nezinye izinto ezininzi ezingabalulekanga.

La manani angabonakala ephazamisayo, kodwa anika ingcamango ethile yemveliso yemveliso, ixabiso le "Soviet" yeSoviet kunye nenani lotyalo-mali. Ngoku uqoqosho lwaseUkraine alukwazi ukubonelela ngezoqoqosho. Ukwakha ilizwe elifanayo kwixesha elizayo kungeze kube nako. Ukuba unako konke.

Imbali yo bucala

Ukuxhaswa kwe-IPF kuqalwe ngamaxesha amaninzi. Inkampani ye-oligarch Igor Kolomoisky "I-Nortime" yayiza kuthenga umkhiqizo ngo-2009, kwaye yada yaphumelela ithenda, inikezela i-hryvnia ezigidi ezigidi ezihlanu, kodwa le nto yachithwa. Iminyaka emithathu kamva, phantsi kweYanukovych, iNgxowa-mali yeSizwe yePropati yabuyela kulo mbandela, kunye nabantu abathathu abazityebi base-Ukraine, ngaphandle kwe-Kolomoisky, u-Firtash kunye no-Rotenberg babethi isityalo. NgoJulayi 2014, emva koMaidan, uluhlu lwamashishini angama-164 ngokubhekiselele kumashishini abucalayo abucala, okwenziwe i-hryvnias yezigidi ezili-15, kunye ne-Odessa Port Plant. Ngoku ukuthengiswa kufikile kwisigaba sokugqibela.

Ingozi

Ukongeza kwongongelo lwezoqoqosho oluye lwaboniswa ngokuthengiswa kweKrivorozhstal, okwenziwe, njengokuba uyazi, ngokufanelekileyo "ngokungafihli" kwaye kukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni okukhulu kunye nokunciphisa, kukho enye ingozi engqongileyo engenakukukhuthaza abantu baseOdessa kunye nabemi beendawo zokuhlala ezikufutshane. Ngemoto esuka kwisixeko sendawo ukuya kwi-OPZ ukuya malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-30, kumgca ochanekileyo - kufuphi, kwaye kwidolophana yaseKotovsky ayikude. Ukuqhaqhaqha kwi-base yamonia kwisiseko sase-West (iU.SA, eTexas) kubonise onke amandla awonakalisayo entlekele. Kwakukho iitoni ezingama-270 zetyuwa, kwaye ngenxa yesiganeko kwakukho ukuguqulwa komhlaba kumandla amanqaku ama-2.1. Ngoko, kwi-OPF i-ammonia igcinwa kwisixa seetoni ezili-120 ezili-450, ezingama-450 ngaphezulu. Kwaye kwindawo esondeleyo kweso sityalo kukho i-Delta Wilmar-CIS ishishini lokuvelisa ioli ye-palm, eyingozi kwaye inobungozi.

Intlalo yentlalo

I-IPF ngokwenkxaso-mali ixhasa izibonelelo zenkcubeko kwidolophu yaseYuzhny kunye nokuhlala kweNoveye Belyary (iSithili saseKominternovsky). Ubungakanani bemi sebenzi phantsi kwe "master master" kubonakala kubemi beendawo ezikufutshane ukuba zingabonakali. Ukongeza, sesele sazi malunga neeplani zesonto elifutshane elisebenzayo kunye nokuncipha okufanayo kwimirholo, ekhathazayo abasebenzi bezityalo kunye namawaka abo amane. Kuyafana nakwiiphakheji zentlalo kunye neenzuzo eziqhelekileyo, ngaphambili zatshitshiswa ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo kakhulu ukuvelisa "iziphatho zegolide". Kwakubulele kule ngcali ukuba ininzi inkulu yenzelwa ingozi ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kombane ngo-2013. Kwaye ngokokuqala ngethuba iminyaka engama-35 umkhiqizo wama, kodwa ukukhutshwa kwe-ammonia kuye kwathintelwa, - abasebenzi beenkonzo zengxininkulu yamandla ngexesha elithile bamisela imithombo yamandla okugcina amanzi. Kwaye ukuba bekungekho? Yintoni eya kuba ngumgaqo-nkqubo wabasebenzi abatsha?

Abafake izicelo

Inyaniso yokuba ukhuphiswano lokufumana i-IPF aluyi kuvumela iinkampani zaseRashiya, zathi u-Igor Bilous, ophethe iNgxowa-mali ye-State Property Fund. Ukungqubuzana kuyinto esemgangathweni - akukho nto kwilizwe elikhuselekileyo ukuthenga amabhizinisi aseUkraine. UAvakov, uMphathiswa weNdlu yangaphakathi, wada wavuma ngokugqithiseleyo ngolu xwebhu ngesicatshulwa ngeMagadan, oko kuthetha ukuba akucaci oko. Nangona kunjalo, kunye ne-oligarchs yayo, njengoko kwaziwa ngaphambili, nayo i-IPF, kubonakala ngathi "ayikhanyanga." Njengoko onke amaBhilie athile athi, okwangoku banamalungu amahlanu, kwaye bonke bangaphandle. Ingxoxo, nangona kunjalo, ngokuya kuye, iyaqhubeka. Ihlabathi lonke liyabona indlela i-Ukraine ezinzile ngayo. Oku kuya kubhengezela ukhuphiswano ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi okanye ekuqaleni koJuni, kwaye mhlawumbi abatyali-mali baya kuba ngaphezulu. Ungavumeli abo babonwa ngaphandle.

Ixabiso kunye neengxaki

Ingongoma yokhuphiswano iya kuba yiphakheji ye-99.567% yezabelo eziphethwe nguRhulumente, yonke "umsila" kwisithuba esincinane kwezine-yeshumi yepesenti esesabelo sabasebenzi bezityalo. IKhabhinethi yeeNgqungquthela ihlola okokuqala ubunini bokuqala be-IPF kwi-13 billion yezigidigidi ezingama-175 (i-UNIAN, ngoMeyi 18). Ngelo xesha, isongelo sokukhansela sasixhomekeke kwintengiso namhlanje, njengoko isityalo sasihlawulwa u-Ostchem, inkampani ephethe i-oligarch Firtash yase-Ukraine, iidola ezingama-193 kunye nesigwebo sombane wendalo. Empeleni, isizathu esona sizathu sokulahlekelwa komlinganiselo (kuphela ngo-2011 sigqityiwe ngenzuzo) yindleko ephezulu yabathwala bamandla, kwaye njani le ngxaki iza kulawulwa ngumnini omtsha ayikacaci. Nangona kunjalo, uMphathiswa uVakov ubonisa ukuba i-Ostchem nayo ityala, njengesilikhi, ngeli xesha ku-state (ubuninzi awakuthethi ngaye), ngoko akayi kuba nako ukuvimba ukuthengiswa, nangona ufuna.

Ngaba kuya kunceda?

Ukusuka uluhlu lwamashishini abanikezelwa bucala ngokubaluleka kobuchule obunini kuqoqosho lwesizwe, kuyacaca ukuba kumagama angama-391 azayo aya kukhishwa, ibhaso echaphazelekayo sele ifakiwe yiKhabinethi yabaPhathiswa be-Ukraine kwi-Verkhovna Rada. "Ukrspirt", "Artemsol", enye imveliso ebalulekileyo, kuquka i-IPF, iya kuthengiswa. Imali yemali, njengoko ivakaliswe, iya kuhanjiswa "ekuphuhlisweni kwelizwe", nangamanye amagama - ukutshiza izimbobo zebhajethi, eziya ngakumbi. Ngokwemigaqo, i-hryvnia eziyi-13 yezigidi-mali, ngokutsho kwezinga lokutshintshiselwa kwamanani, malunga ne-$ 520 yezigidi, apho i-193 kufuneka inikezwe kwiFirtash efanayo, kunye nesihlwayo. Kuza kube nini le mali? Zonke i-tranch ye-IMF ihlehlisiwe ...