Inqanawa "Severodvinsk". Inqanawa yeNyukliya eNinzi yaseProatia

I-navy yaseRussia ayikwazi ukucingelwa ngaphandle kweendlela zokuhlaselwa kwe-tech-tech zamanje. Omnye ummeli oqaqambileyo wentsapho yeenqanawa zezixhobo zenyukliya yinqanawa yaseSeverodvinsk, inzala yePP Sevmash. Ngomhla wama-28 kuJulayi ka-2014, i-marinewa yashiya ishishini lokwakha umatshini wezakhiwo ezikhuselayo zesixeko saseSeverodvinsk waza wabuyela emsebenzini wokulwa noLwandle oluMhlophe.

I-Western press malunga nommangaliso ongaphantsi kwamanzi eRashiya

Inqanawa yaseRussia yaseSerodvinsk ngo-2014 yenza inzame yangempela phakathi kweengcali zempi zaseNtshona. Inkcazo yesiNgesi I-Sunday Times iyazisa: "I-West iyayesaba iilwanyana kwiindawo ezinzulu". Ngokutsho kweengxelo zentatheli, le nkomo ayilutho kodwa intuthuko entsha yaseRashiya - inqanawa yamandla enyukliya eneenjongo ezininzi zeSeverodvinsk. Iingcali ezininzi ezidliwano-ndlebe ngolu hlobo lwencwadi oluthi emva kokuba luvele kwiinqanawa zasolwandle, iRashiya yavela kwiinkqubo ze-teknoloji yamanzi phantsi komhlaba. Inqanawa yamandla enyukliya yeSeverodvinsk iyona nqanawa enkulu yokuphuhliswa koyilo lwe-885 Yasen, enezinto eziyi-8 ezikhuselekileyo ezinokukwazi ukufikelela kwiindawo zokuqhuma ezi-32. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lala macwecwe, i-severin Severodvinsk inokutshabalalisa iithagethi zomhlaba kunye nolunxwemeni kunye neendidi zamashumi amabini amakhilomitha. Ukongezelela, ezilishumi ziza kulwa neenqanawa.

Imbali enye yerwandle

I-Northern Fleet ye-Russian Navy ifunyenwe ukuphuhliswa kweyona ntsha yesikhululo senyukliya yophuhliso lwe-IV. Ukuqala kokubeka iinqanawa zempi zale klasi kwenziwe kwishishini lokwakha umatshini waseSevmash kwisixeko saseSeverodvinsk ngoDisemba 21, 1993. Ngaloo xesha, imeko yezoqoqosho kwilizwe ayizange ivumele ukuba kwakhiwe isakhiwo esipheleleyo seziko lempi. Ezinye iinkqubo zokuvelisa ngenxa yokuxhaswa ngemali kufuneka zime. Izisombululo ze-Grandiose zokwakha izakhiwo zasolwandle zifuna iimvume ezithile kunye nokuphucula. Ngo-2009, iphrojekthi ye-sea mashburo "iMalachite" kwisixeko saseSt. Petersburg yagqitywa kwaye yafakwa phantsi kolawulo lwayo ngumongameli wesithathu waseRussian Federation DA Medvedev. Kwiminyaka emihlanu, ukususela ngo-2009 ukuya ku-2014, isanqanawa iSeverodvinsk yadlulisa yonke imveliso kunye nomjikelezo wezobuchwepheshe. NgoNovemba 2013, iimvavanyo zolwandle zagqitywa yiKhomishoni kaRhulumente yeSebe lezoKhuseleko, kwaye ngo-Juni 17, 2014 i-Andreevsky ibhanner yaphakanyiswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwi-submarine yokulwa. Isiseko senqanawa seCandelo le-10 leNyakatho yeFleet kwisixeko saseZazerski samkela inqwelo-moya yamanzi eninzi.

Iinkalo zobuchwephesha ze-monster engaphantsi kwamanzi

Inzuzo ephambili yerwandle yenyukliya yeryukliya yindlela edibeneyo yokwakha iyancitshulwa kwaye yenza ukuba isikebhe singabonakali, ngoko ke singenakukhutshwa. Ngokwemvelo, zonke iimpawu zobugcisa kunye nezobugcisa zeprojekthi 885 zigcinwa kwindawo eyimfihlo kakhulu. Ukubhekiselele kumagama omthombo kwiinkonzo zengqondo, i-Sunday Times ithi yokuqala okokuqala, ukubonakala kwenkwenkwezi entsha ye-K 560 Severodvinsk ixhala malunga ne-United States. Kwaye akumangalisi. Emva koko, ngenxa yobufihla beprojekthi, akukho mntu uyazi isiqingatha sezinto ezinokubakho kwi-severodvinsk. Kuze kube ngoku, iingcali zempi kuphela ziyakwazi ukuqaphela ukuba yeyiphi indawo yezilwandle zehlabathi le mpahla yemfazwe iza kufaka umsebenzi wokulwa.

Impawu zobugcisa ze-atomic yamanzi

Ziziphi iimpawu zobugcisa zale nqanawa enkulu emanzini?

Inqanawa yaseSeverodvinsk yindawo yokulwa nayo impi ekhuselekileyo kunye neenqwelo. Injongo yokusebenza yezixhobo zemikhosi kukutshatyalaliswa kwamaqela aphetheyo kunye neenqanawa zentshaba enokwenzeka. Ezinye iimpawu zobugcisa:

• Ubude obude buyi-120 m;
• Ubanzi obude buyi-14 m;
• Ubude obuphezulu buyi-10 m;
• Umthamo we-OK-650B nuclear reactor 190 MW;
• Ukufuduka - 13 800 amathani;
• Isantya esiphezulu - amaqhina ama-16;
• Ukukhawuleza kwe- scuba diving - iingubo ezingama-31;
• Ukuzimela kokuhlala phantsi kwamanzi - iintsuku ezili-100;
• Le nqanawa inamalungu angama-90 abasebenzi.

Ubunzulu obunzulu be-engamanzi xa ubhaptizwa ngamamitha angama-600.

Ukulwa "ukuzaliswa" kwe-cruiser cruiser

Kwi-arsenal yaseSeverodvinsk yile:

• I-torpedo tubes (533 no-650 mm);
• 32 Iimfono ezithintekayo zokuhamba ngeenqanawa ze-cruise ship P-800 "Onyx";
• Imikhosi yezobuqhetseba ze-Cruise X-101;
• Imikhosi ye-Cruise yokutshatyalaliswa komhlaba phantsi kweZM-14E.

Indawo yendawo ye-torpedo tubes ayikho kwisaphetha se-sikhephe, kodwa emva kwegumbi lesithuba sokulawula. Ngenxa yolu hlobo lwanamhlanje, i-antenna ye-hydroacoustic complex "i-Ajax" yafakwa kwisitya somkhumbi.

Ukufakwa koluhlu olunzima lwe-Rocket P-800 "Onyx"

Amanqamana aseRussia anesizukulwana sesine anesixhobo esinamandla sokulwa nomkhosi we-ship P-800 "Onyx". Esi sixhobo sokuhlaselwa saqulunqwa kwiReutovsky "NPO Mashinostroyeniya", kwisebe lomyili oyintloko uG. Efremov. Ngokokuqala ngqa i-RKP "i-Onyx" yaqala ukuphuhliswa kuma-80s. Ngokungafani nabaphambili baseSoviet, iinkqubo zanamhlanje zibonakaliswe yizenzo zendalo jikelele: ukuqaliswa kwenziwa kwinqanawa ephezulu, ukufakwa kwee-onshore, i-submarines, kunye neenqwelo-moya. Ngowe-1987, ukuqaliswa kwezinto ezinzima kwenziwa. Emva kokuvavanywa kukazwelonke ngo-2002, inkqubo ye-missile yamkelwa ukuba ixhomekeke emkhosini wamaRashiya aseRussia.

I-Hydro acoustic complex "Ajax"

Ngethuba lokuqala, iNorthern Fleet yaseRussia, ngokubonga kwinqanawa yamanzi "Severodvinsk", ifunyenwe ngokutsha kwayo inkqubo ye-hydroacoustic "Ajax". Ulwakhiwo lwetyala lwenkqubo lenziwe ngensimbi AK-32. Le yensimbi ye-austenitic ene- yield ye- kg kg / mm².

Iingenelo malunga nabaphiswano

Ukuphakama kobugcisa belo hlobo lwenqanawa yenyukliya yile ndlela ilandelayo:

• Izinga eliphezulu lokuzenzekelayo;
• I-perisope ye-telisystem MTK-115-2, ebonelela ngophando lomhlaba ngobunzulu obunzulu ukuya kwi-50 m;
• I-propell shaft yesithuthi sombane;
• Iinkqubo ezinobumbano zokuhlaselwa ngokukrakra kolwandle olutshaba kunye neethagethi zomhlaba;
• Inkqubo yesiteyi esinamandla;
• Uluhlu olubanzi lokusebenza.

Zonke ezi zinto ziyikhefu zishiya abakhuphiswano babo kude. Ukuphakama okunjalo kwezobugcisa kuyinzuzo enkulu, ngakumbi kwiimeko zokulwa.

Iindleko zeprojekthi kunye nophuhliso

Ixabiso elibhengeziweyo ngokusemthethweni le nqwelo-moya yerashiya yeRashiya ngama-rublebhiliyoni angama-47, aphindwe ama-2 aphezulu ngaphezu kweendleko zeprojekthi ye-nuclear power carrier 955 "Borey". Kwixesha elizayo elizayo, kucetywayo ukuvelisa iiprojekthi ezithandathu ze "Ash". Ngaloo ndlela, kunokugqitywa ukuba imfundiso yempi yaseRussia ijoliswe kwiinqanawa zasemanzini ezinqanawa zamanzi ezinokhenkliya.

Ukuhlangula iCapsule Test

Ngethuba lokuqala kwimbali yeenqwelo-moya zasemanzini zaseRussia, iSeverodvinsk ithatha inxaxheba emsebenzini wokuvavanya kwikhamera yokuhlangula inkqubo. Kwimitha engama-40 kwi-West Face Bay, inqanawa yamandla enyukliya ibonisa isithuba esiphezulu kwindawo yommandla ongxamisekileyo. Ngokutsho kweengcali kunye neqela lokuhlola elibandakanyekayo kwimisebenzi yokukhutshwa kwabasebenzi, loo khamera yayiza kuba yinyaniso yendalo yokugcina abo basolwandle be-kursk.

Ikamva leenqwelo zeenqwelo zasemanzini zaseRashiya

Imiphumo yezibalo zeziko lamazwe ngamazwe ngokurhweba izixhobo zibonisa ukuba kwi-World Ocean namhlanje kunama-submarines e-combat of different classes. Iinqanawa zaseRashiya zithengisa iiyunithi ezingama-60, oko kukuthi, malunga nesihlwele sesixhenxe isiRashiya. Phakathi kwale nombolo yezixhobo, ezili-10 zeemyukliya zamagama eziqulunqoweyo, ezinye ziyi-diesel, iinjongo ezininzi kunye neenjongo ezikhethekileyo. Ngokweengcali zemikhosi, ngowe-2020 zonke iiprojeyinti zeemveliso ze- 971 kunye ne-949 ziya kuhlaziywa kwaye zixhotywe ngeenkqubo zokhuselo zanamhlanje, njengokhenketho lwenqanawa ye-nyukliya yaseSeverodvinsk. Yiyiphi, ngokusemthethweni, ichanekile ngokupheleleyo. Okwangoku, iinqanawa zasemanzini zaseRashiya zithole isondlo sesinezixhobo zenyukliya. Ukwahlula kwimikhosi yemfazwe yangaphambili kukuba ininzi yezixhobo. Zonke izinto eziphuculweyo kwizakhiwo ze-rocket zoluhlu oluphezulu ziqokelelwa kule ndawo ephantsi kwamanzi. Inqanawa yaseSeverodvinsk ifakwe kwiimvakalelo zogesi zanamhlanje ezikwazi ukuphendula nakuphi na ukunyakaza kwezixhobo zintsha ngamashumi amawaka eekhilomitha. Umsebenzi oyintloko wobugcisa baseSeverodvinsk uya kuthumela kunye nokuhambisa imikhosi yamanzi.

Ngokutsho kweempawu zobuchwephesha, inqanawa yamandla enyukliya yaseSeverodvinsk ayikho ngaphantsi kweModeli yaseMelika neyaseBrithani, kwaye ezininzi ziba ngaphezu kwazo. Esi sikhephe sinezixhobo ezinamandla zenyukliya kunye neendlela zakutsha zokunxibelelana nezokuhamba.

Inxalenye ethile yembali

NgoJuni 1933, iNtshona Fleet yasungulwa kwi-USSR. Kulo mzuzu ukuba iinqanawa zemikhosi ezisemntla weRussian Federation iqala imbali yayo. Ukususela ngoMeyi 1937, i-flotilla yaseNyakatho yeLwandle ibizwa ngokuba yiNorthern Fleet yoMkhosi wamaRashiya. Ikomkhulu lezemfundo yempi liseseSeveromorsk. Umlawuli oyintloko-ntloko yeenqwelo-moya wayeyi-Vice-Admiral Konstantin Ivanovich Dushenov. Ukususela ngoJuni 24, 2011 umlawuli weNorthern Fleet yaseRashiya utyunjwe u-Admiral V. Korolev. Kuza kube yimhla, isiseko sokulwa samanxweme asentla asenziwa ngamabutho angaphantsi kwee-missile kunye ne-torpedo, iinqwelo-moya ezinqamlekileyo kunye neenqwelo zomoya. I-flagship ye-North Sea iinqwelo "yiPeter the Great" i-cruise missile. Iziseko eziphambili zeenqwelo zithuthi ziSeveromorsk, Zaozersk, Gadzhievo kunye nePolar.

Ukwakhiwa kwee-marine ze-Northern Fleet

Kwinqaba yokulwa yeMntla yeFleet, ngaphezu kwe-severin Severodvinsk, kukho ezinye ezisibhozo ezithintekayo zokulwa kunye ne-atomic submarines:

1. TK-208 "UDmitry Donskoy." Le ngxowankulu yamanzi engxowankulu yamanzi yinkqubo ye-941 "Shark", yabonakala yokuqala kwinkqutyana yokulwa neenqwelo zamanzi ngoJuni 1982. Kwamaxesha eSoviet, isikhephe sasiziswa kwiBhodi yoHloniphelo loMlambo kunye noMphathiswa wezoKhuselo we-USSR. Ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-2015, i-yangqanawa ikulungele ngokupheleleyo ukulwa.
2. I-cruise cruiser TK-17 "I-Arkhangelsk" yenkqubo yoyilo 941 "Shark". Njengengxenye yeenqwelo, umkhombe wabonakala ngoFebhuwari 1988. Ngo-2004, uMongameli uVladimir Putin watyelela iArkhangelsk. Kuza kube yimhla, i-inqwelo-moya ihlala kwindawo yokugcina impahla. Ngo-2018 iNavy Navy yaseRussia icebo ukusebenzisa umkhosi wezilwanyana zasemoyeni waseRussia.
3. Isikebhe esinokhenyukliya-"Petrozavodsk". Ikhupha inkqubo yeprojekthi 671RTMK "Pike", ithathwe kwibhalansi ngo-Matshi 1989. Abasebenzi basePetrozavodsk babonwa njengeyona nto ibhetele kwiNorthern Fleet. I-winner-winner ye-GK Cups ye-torpedo kunye noqeqesho lwe-antisubmarine. Inqanawa "i-Petrozavodsk" ithathe inxaxheba ekufakweni koxwebhu lwe-documentary "Russian Depth".
4. Iinqwelo zaseRashiya ukususela ngoDisemba 1989 zaziquka inqanawa "iVoronezh" - i-Triplezh-time winner yeNdebe yeRussia Civil Aviation Group ukuze iqhume ukuqhuma iinjongo zoqeqesho. Emva kokuzalisekisa iintlanganiso ezininzi zokulwa kummandla oselunxwemeni olukude, ulungiswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ngomhla we-2014 ulungele ngokupheleleyo ukulungela ukulwa njengenxalenye yeNorthern Fleet.
5. Inqanawa yaseSelverstal i-cruise missile ye-missile yophuhliso loyilo 941 Akula. Ukususela ngoFebruwari 1990, ulwa neengalo zokulwa zeNorthern Fleet yaseRashiya. NgoSeptemba 2001, le nkwenkwezi inxaxheba kwi-patroling ngokubambisana kwindawo yokufa kwe-Kursk.
6. NgoFebruwari 1991, i-b-138 yamanzi olwandle "Obninsk" yokuqala yabonakala kwi-navy. I-Prizewinner ye-Code Civil ye-Russian Navy yokuhlaselwa iqela leenqwelo zemfazwe. Kwiminyaka engama-23 ndathatha inxaxheba kwiinkonzo ezilishumi zemikhosi. NgoDisemba 2014, uqalise umkhosi we-cruise kwi-Sea Barents.
7. I-K-410 uSmolensk (kwi-fleet ukususela ngo- Matshi 14, 1991) -projekthi ye-nuclear enyukliya 949A Antey. NgoDisemba 1992, waba ngumzuzwana weNavy Navy yaseRashiya ukuze kube nomlilo osisigxina. Ngo-2014, bathatha inxaxheba ekusindiseni isikebhe esithi "Barents" eLwandle oluMhlophe.
8. Iprojekthi yenkwenkwezi yamandla enyukliya eK-266 "Iqhankqalazi" iprojekthi 949A "i-Antey." Ukususela ngoFebruwari 5, 1993, le nqanawa yasemanzini ijoyine iinqwelo zasemanzini. I-Prizewinner ye-Code Civil ye-Navy yokukhwela komkhosi kwi-target target yolwandle. Umntu othabatha inxaxheba kwinqanaba leenqanawa ngomhla we-Navy kwiSeveromorsk. Kwinqwelo-moya, iqela lokuhlangula laqeqeshwa ukuqhuba imisebenzi kwi-kursk yamanzi yamanzi. Ekuqaleni kuka-Apreli 2015, umlilo wegumbi lesithoba kwenzeke kwi-Orel yamanzi yenkwenkwezi.

I-submarines yaseRussia yikratshi namandla e-rhu lumente, kufuneka baphuhliswe kwaye banamhlanje.