Ukuqhutyelwa kwiMetroro yaseMoscow ngo-1977, 2004, 2010 (isithombe)

Amatyala amaninzi amaninzi okuhlaselwa kwamaphekula kuzo zonke iindawo zehlabathi akakwazi ukushiya ukungaboni naliphi na umntu. Ukuqonda ukuba inkathazo inokwenzeka nakubani na, nangaliphi na ixesha, unyanzelekile ukuba uqonde konke ukuhamba kunye nokungaqiniseki kobomi. Le meko ixhomekeke ngakumbi kwimvelaphi yeemeko zehlabathi eziphezulu. Impi yezobukhosi, inzondo yonqulo, izigwebo zezoqoqosho zixhalabise abaninzi, kodwa zithandekayo iintshukumo, abantu abanomdla banokwenza izinto ezimbi.

Ngaphezu koko, kwimbali yelizwe kwakukho amacala athile. Okokuqala, oku kuqhutyelwa kwiMetroro yaseMoscow. Kwaye nangona iminyaka yakutshanje ibonisa ukuba inkqubo yokukhusela isebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye iqondo loxinzelelo linciphisa kancane, umntu akafanele akhohlwe iintlekele zexesha elidlulileyo.

Ulwazi jikelele

Umgwaqo omkhulu wendlela ephantsi komhlaba uye wafumana ezininzi iziganeko ezibuhlungu. Ukuqhutyelwa kwiMetroro yaseMoscow, imililo, izingozi ngenxa yobuthakathaka bezobuchwepheshe, into eyenziwa ngabantu - konke oku kubangele amawaka amaxhoba kunye namawaka amaxhoba. Iziganeko ezifanelekile njengezenzo zamaphekula azizange zenzeke rhoqo. Ngethamsanqa, ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula kwabanqandwa kwangaphambili. Kukho iziganeko ezikwaziyo ngokwaneleyo kwizihlwele ezibanzi zabemi, zikhona ezo zichazwe njenge "yimfihlo", kwaye iinkonzo ezikhethekileyo kuphela zinolwazi malunga nabo.

Ukuba ukholelwa kwimithombo, ngoko eMoscow kwakukho izenzo zamaphekula ezi-7, ezijoliswe ngqo kwabakhweli beemitha. Amabhomu abulala abantu awazange akhethe le ndawo ngaphandle. Kuphi enye indawo onokufumana abantu abaninzi kangaka kwintsimi encinane?

Uloyiko lusebenza apha kwaye ngoku

Iintlekele ezinjalo azikho umrhumo kwixesha lanamhlanje. Kwikhowudi yobugebengu, isenzo sabarhwebi sanikwa inkcazelo ecacileyo: le nyathelo okanye usongelo lothumo lomntu omnye, iqela labantu. Iinjongo zinokuhluka, ukusuka ekuziphindiseleleni kunye nokuphelisa ukunyanzeliswa kwabasemagunyeni ukuba bathathe amanyathelo athile. Ngowokuqala kwikhowudi yezobugebengu, umgaqo "wesenzo sabatshabayi" wabonakala ngo-1996, kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba ngaphambi kokuba kufike loo xesha abazange bajongane nabo.

Ukuqhuma kokuqala kwimetrosi, ekwahlulwa njengesenzo sogorhagi, kwenzeka ngo-1974. Kodwa ukungafuni kwamagunya aseSoviet ukuchazela ulwazi, ithuba lokwenene lokugcina yonke into eyimfihlelo, uhlobo oluvaliweyo lwaloo nto kuze kube ngoku, musa ukukhanya kwiimeko ezidlulileyo.

Ngelishwa, ibali lwakutshanje lithetha ngeziganeko ezinjalo zegazi, kwaye esinye esinye isizathu sokucinga malunga nendlela yokuzikhusela.

"Sawubona" eYerevan

Isiganeko esikhulu kunazo zonke esenzeke ngexesha lamaSoviet kwakusetyenziso lweentlanga zenzeke ngexesha elinye, kodwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ziqhutywe kwiMetroro yaseMoscow, kwivenkile kunye nasekwakha isakhiwo seKGB.

Zonke ezi ziganeko zenzeke ngoJanuwari 8, 1977. Iiholide zonyaka omtsha kunye nemibhiyozo edibene nabo, ayikafiki. Abantu basebenzise izithuthi zikawonke-wonke. Omnye waya kutyelela, umntu-ukuthenga. Kwaye ke, kwisiqingatha esingaphi ezintlanu ngokuhlwa, kwakukho ukuqhuma. Ibhokhwe ayizange ibekwe kwisikhululo, kodwa emotweni kwaye isebenze phakathi kwezithuba zeIzmaylovskaya kunye nePervomaiskaya. Kwakuyi-explosion eMetroro yaseMoscow ngo-1977 eyabangela ukufa kwabantu abasixhenxe. Omnye ama-37 afumana ukulimala kunye nokulimala ngokungafani.

Abaququzeleli babe ngabemi abathathu abahlala eYerevan: Hakob Stepanyan, iZaven Baghdasaryan kunye noStean Zatikyan.

Kutheni kwenzeka oku?

Lo mbuzo awuceliwe kuphela ngabaphenyi, abaye bafundiswa ukuba bafumanise into embi kakhulu ngexesha elifutshane, kodwa nabemi abaqhelekileyo. Kwakunzima ukufumana umzila wezigebengu. Ngelo xesha, kwakungekho iikhamera zeCCTV zanamhlanje, akukho Intanethi, akukho mithombo yeendaba, ayikho enye indlela yokudluliselwa kwedatha ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo.

Abaphandi kwafuneka benze iziqulatho eziliqela, okwabakhokelela eYerevan. Abemi abathathu beli sixeko beqhubekele inkohlakalo yokulwa neSoviet, beyiqela leentlanga, okwabangela ukuba bahlasele. Ngendlela, bavalelwa eMoscow, apho baceba ukuphumeza ulwaphulo-mthetho olutsha. Ngombulelo kwintlangano yeemeko, umsebenzi wokusebenza kunye nobuchwepheshe beengcali, kwakunokwenzeka ukuthintela ukuqhuma okuqhubekayo kwiMetroro yaseMoscow.

Ngaba inkundla yaseSoviet yinkantolo ephakamileyo kakhulu emhlabeni?

Isijeziso podelnikov silindele ukuphathwa ngonya. Ukuphunyezwa kwesi sigwebo kwanyulwa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuvavanywa. Kukho amahemuhemu ukuba ukukhawuleza okunjalo kwakubangelwa yi-falsification yecandelo lophando, kwaye izigebengu ngokwazo azizange zivume icala labo.

Nangona kunjalo, ubungqina babungenakukhunjulwa, kwaye ngoJanuwari 30, 1979, ababulali batyhulwa.

Izenzo zobungozi bee-1990

Eli xesha li "sityebi" kwiziganeko eziliqela. Imfazwe yaseChechen yazala abantwana abaninzi. Abemi beli lizwe abazange baxolele amaRashiya ukuba bahlasele ummandla wabo, kwaye umphumo waba yinyuka ekhulayo yokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula. Ukuqhutyelwa kwiMetroro yaseMoscow kwakukho ngo-1996. Emva koko abantu aba-4 babulala ngokufa, kwaye abanye abangu-12 baya kwizibhedlele. Esi siganeko senzeke nakwelula, kodwa sele sephakathi kwezikhululo "Tula" kunye ne "Nagatinskaya". Ukuqhuma kwakunamandla kakhulu, kodwa, ngenhlanhla, ayizange igubungele ngexesha lokukhawuleza kweyure, kodwa ngokuhlwa, xa abaninzi beepestile beye bashiya isitimela.

Ngo-1998 bekukho ukuqhuma okungazange kukhokele ekufeni kwabantu. Ngenhlanhla, abantu abane kuphela balimala. Bonke babengabasebenzi baseMoscow basendleleni kwaye basinda.

Kusasa

Ukuhlaselwa okulandelayo kwakungekho mpu melelo njengoko abacebisi babenethemba. Kwenzeke ngokuhlwa ngoFebruwari 5, 2001. Emva koko ibhomu yafakwa ngqo kwisikhululo se-metro "Belorusskaya". Intlawulo encinci ifakwe kwisibhenki, esilondoloze ubomi babantu abangamashumi amabini.

Kodwa kwiminyaka emithathu kamva kunye nomhla owodwa (ngoFebruwari 6, 2004), ngexesha i-Muscovites kunye neendwendwe zentloko ziza kusebenza, zifunde, kwishishini, ukuqhuma ngamandla kwiMetroro. NgoFebruwari 2004 uya kukhunjulwa ngonaphakade njengosuku olubi. Kwaye ke wonke umntu waqonda ukuba kuyimfuneko ukufaka amanyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwabemi kuwo onke amanqanaba.

Ulutsha olutsha

Umfana omdala u-Anzor Izhayev, owayeneminyaka engama-21 kuphela ngexesha lomsebenzi wesigebengu, wazikhupha emotweni xa ehamba phakathi kwezitishi zase-Avtozavodskaya nasePaveletskaya. Emva kokuzibulala, le ndoda yathabatha amaxhoba angama-41 engenacala kwihlabathi elizayo, kwaye abantu abangama-250 balimala.

Ukuqhutyelwa kwiMetroro yaseMoscow, ngomhla we-06.02.2004, kubandakanywa, kuququzelelwe kwaye kwenziwe ngenxaxheba ngabantu abahlukeneyo. Ngelishwa, abaphangi abahlala behlwaywa. Iinkundla zihlala zide kakhulu. Kodwa ngo-2007 iNkundla yesiXeko saseMoscow yafumana uMurat Shavayev, iTambia Khubiyev kunye noMaxim Ponaryin ojongene neentlekele ezenzeke. Oko bafumana isigwebo sempilo.

Umhlolokazi Omnyama

Ngokwenene igama elibuhlungu elinikwa abafazi ngokuzibulala. Ngokuzibingelela egameni lokuphindezela abantu, abazalwana, egameni lenkolo, bachitha ininzi, amakhulu abantu, bangela intlungu yeenkulungwane zeentsapho. Le yindlela enye ukuqhuma kwenzeka ngayo kwiMetroro yaseMoscow. Unyaka we-2004 wawufihliwe okwesihlandlo sesibini. Yonke into eyenzeka ngo-Agasti 31 kwi-lobby ekhokelela kwisiqithi sesiteshi se-metro "Rizhskaya". Kwaye kwafa abantu abayishumi, kodwa kwakukho amaxhoba amaninzi. Ibhomu lokuzibulala limile kwaye lidubula ipolisi yamapolisa kwisicwangciso esicwangcisiweyo. Uloyiko, akazange angene ngaphakathi egumbini, wazisa ibhokhwe kwisenzo kwisihlwele esiseduze nabantu.

Iingqongquthela eziye zahlela ukuqhuma okwenzeka ngoFebruwari wonyaka ofanayo zafunyaniswa netyala. Kwixesha elide, amatyala ahlanganiswe abe yinye, kwaye inkundla yahlola zonke iziganeko.

Iveki eNgcwele

Ngo-2010, iPasika yawela ngo-Ephreli 4. Iveki eyandulela iSidlo esingcwele sovuko lukaKristu lwaqala ngeemeko ezimbi. Ezi ziqhutywayo eMetroro (eMatshi, ngo-Matshi 29).

Ngaloo mso wokungahambi kakuhle ngoMvulo kwakukho ezimbini. Zomabini izenzo zobugrogasi zenziwa ngabasetyhini. Ababhikishi bazimela ngamabomu emnyango weenqwelo zeevili kwaye bavuthela iibhobho ngexesha lokuyeka ukuthunyelwa kwee-convoy. Ukuqhutyelwa kwiMetroro yaseMoscow ngo-2010 kwathiwa ngabantu abangama-36. Abesine bafa ngenxa yeelonda ezinzulu esele sezibhedlele.

Ezi ziganeko ezimbi zenzeke kwiindawo ezimbini kunye nexesha lokungaphantsi kweyure. Okokuqala, yaqhekeza kwisikhululo sesitrato saseLubyanka. Kwenzeke ngo-7: 56. Ukuqhuma kwesibini kwenzeke ngo-8:36, xa isitimela sasiqhutywe kwisikhululo sePark Kultury.

Nangona kubonakala ukuba ukuqhuma kweMetroro ngoMatshi ngo-29, 2010 kwakungenakucingelwa ngabasemagunyeni, ukukhutshwa kunye nokunceda amaxhoba kwenziwa ngokukhawuleza.

Iziphumo zeMvulo yoMvulo

Ngokutsho koMphathiswa weeNgxaki eziPhezulu, ngokuhlwa kwakunokwenzeka ukucima imiphumo yesenzo sobugandagqe nokusekwa komsebenzi wehlabathi. Ukusebenza kubandakanya abantu abangaphezu kwamathandathu. Ukongezelela, iiproloji ezininzi, iinkonzo zemizi ekhethekileyo zonakalisa isixeko, zilandele umyalelo. Isenzo esinjalo esinesiqhwithi sasilungile. Ngenxa yeengxelo ezininzi zobuxoki ezithi kwakuza kubakho ukuqhuma kweMetroro kunye nezinye izakhiwo zikawonkewonke kunye neendawo zokudibanisa, kufuneka sisebenze kanzima, khangela iifowuni, kwaye kwakukho ngaphezu kwekhulu kubo ngosuku olubi.

Isenzo sesigebengu sabonisa ukuba akusiyo yonke ikhefu kwinkqubo yokhuseleko yamashishini karhulumente kunye nezothutho. UDmitry Medvedev (umongameli welo xesha ngelo xesha) wayalelwa ukuba aphuhlise kwaye aphumeze ubunkokeli obucacileyo obuya kuthintela iintlekele ezinje ngokuzisika. Umhla wokugqibela u-2014.

Namhlanje

Ukuqwalasela ukuba amaninzi abaphathi abaphumelele ukunqoba ugubungela kulo lonke ilizwe, inkulu kunye nezinye iidolophu ngokukodwa, kunzima. Nangona kunjalo, into engenakuphikiswa kukuba emva ko-2010 bekungekho ukuqhuma kwiMetroro yaseMoscow.

Ngelo xesha kwakukho izingozi, ezivela ngezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwabo - isambatho esomeleleyo sesakhiwo kunye nobuchwepheshe, ukunganakwa kwabaqeshwa abathile beeqela ezahlukeneyo. Ingxaki yabantu ngokukhawuleza iphendukela kwizandla zabasebenzi abangenakuxanduva, kwaye umphumo wobomi bomntu. Yiyo kanye eyenzeka ngo-2014, xa isitimela sichitha. Kwaye kwafa abantu abangama-20. Icala eliphakamileyo nelikhuphayo liyakhupha iingqondo zabantu, kwaye abo baphathwe kwiindawo eziphezulu basengaphononongo kulolu suku.

Izindlela zamanje zokulwa nobuphekula zibonisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukuqwalaselwa kwabagibeli, ukuhlolwa kweempahla zabo, amaxwebhu, ukucaciswa komntu xa kukho ukungathandabuzeki kokunyanzeliswa komthetho. Iimpawu zokugqibela ezifuna ukuyiqonda yimbambano yokulondoloza umzila ongaphantsi komhlaba ngokufana namanye amazwe. Omnye uya kuthi le miqathango eninzi, umntu unokuvuma, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhusela abantu kwintlekele enjenge-explosion eMetroro. Iifoto, ii-akhawunti zokuzibonela zifakazela ngolo hlobo lwesibhozo, esinokuwela kumanqaku abo bonke abantu. Ukuthintela oku kungenzeki kwakhona, simele siphathe umsebenzi weenkonzo ezizodwa ngokuqonda.