Ummandla waseTajikistan: inkcazo, iimpawu, ubuninzi bezinto kunye nentsholongwane

Iyintoni intsimi yaseTajikistan? Indawo yeriphablikhi yingu-93% eyakhiwe yintaba. I-Gissaro-Alai, ePamir naseTien-Shan - iinkqubo, ezibandakanya zonke iintaba zeentaba zelizwe. Phakathi kwamadwala kukho imingxuma kunye neendlambo, apho ininzi yabemi republic.

Ngezantsi, siya kufaka ulwazi malunga nelizwe elikhethekileyo - iTajikistan.

Ulwazi jikelele

Iindawo ezixhamlileyo zikho iziqithi ezisecaleni laseNtshona Ferdinana. Ingqonge ijikelezwe kuwo onke macala ngezityalo ezinotywala. I-Zaravshan Valley yindawo yesibini ehlala kuyo. Iindawo eziphantsi kunye nezantsi-ntshona-mpuma yeRiphabhlikhi nayo ihlala yindawo eninzi.

Namhlanje, indawo yaseTajikistan kwinqanaba. I Km i 142,550.

Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-8,5 bahlala kwintsimi yeli lizwe. Imimandla emininzi iyintaba, ngoko ke izindlu zisezintabeni, ngenxa yale mihlaba enhle kakhulu. Uninzi lwamathafa luhlala emasimini aluhlaza, apha ungabona inani elikhulu leentsimi, izidiliya kunye nokunye okuninzi. Ukongeza kwiziqhamo, zonke iintlobo zezityalo zemifuno zikhula kwintsimi yaseTajikistan. Kuzo zonke ezinye izizathu zindawo zokuhlala zabantu.

Ukuba ujikela kwingcaciso yembali, ungafunda izinto ezininzi ezithakazelisayo.

Intsimi yombuso yayifakwe maxesha amaninzi kummandla wasePersi. Amazwe aseTajikistan namhlanje ayingxenye yamanye amazwe. Kodwa ngoSeptemba 9, 1991 ebomini belizwe lafika usuku oluphawulekayo - urhulumente wafumana isikhundla sabantu abazimeleyo. Le nyaniso yaqatshelwa ngamanye amazwe. Ngoku iTajikistan ingakha umgaqo-nkqubo wayo, uqoqosho kunye nokunye. Oku kuvulwe amathuba amaninzi kwelizwe.

Imimandla ephambili yaseTajikistan

I-Ferghana Valley yindawo esemantla ye-republic. Ngaphandle kweTajikistan, indawo yesigodi inabelwa yi-Uzbekistan (umda wasentla-ntshona-ntshona) kunye ne-Kyrgyzstan (umda wasempuma). Lo mmandla ucebile enhlabathini evundileyo kunye nobume obuhle.

Ummandla ophakathi weTajikistan ubizwa ngokuba nguKarategin. Kwintsimi yayo yintloko yeRiphabhliki-isixeko saseDushanbe. Kulo mmandla, kukho ukungqubuzana kwama-Islamists, ngoko kuya kubonwa ukunyuka kwamanyathelo okuphepha. Nangona kunjalo, abahambi banokuzivakashela ngokukhuselekileyo ezi ndawo ngaphandle kokwesaba.

Ezantsi kweTajikistan kukho indawo ebizwa ngokuthi yiHulton.

Ummandla okude kakhulu weeriphablikhi yimpuma yePamir. Naphezu kwengozi eyongeziweyo, abakhenkethi apha banqwenela ukufika apho, njengokuba kule ndawo ingenye yezona ndawo zihle kakhulu kuzo zonke i-Asia Ephakathi.

Intlambo yaseZarevshansky ihlala kwicandelo lentshona yelizwe.

Iyiphi iRiphabhliki yaseTajikistan namhlanje? Ubemi, indawo, i-geography, imvelo, imozulu kunye nenkcubeko yolu rhulumente esiya kuluqwalasela kweli nqaku.

ETajikistan kubakhenkethi

Ngelishwa, leli lizwe alinakubizwa ngokuba liziko labahambi. Nangona kunjalo, kukhangeleka kakhulu ngokukhenketho. Okokuqala, imihlaba yemvelo, ngakumbi iintaba, ithatha ingqalelo. ETajikistan kukho abantu abamangalisayo abanokuxelela izinto ezininzi ezithakazelisayo. Eli lizwe likwazi ukugcina izithethe zokuqala, apho umntu angakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba. Okuthakazelisayo kukuba kula mazwe inzala engummangaliso kaAlexandro Omkhulu uhlala. Njengoko uyazi, lo mntu kwixesha elidlulileyo wawunqoba ilizwe. Abakhenkethi, ekubeni kula mazwe, banokuqhelana nobuhle obuhle kunye nezithethe eziphawulekayo.

Inkunzi

Ikhadi lomsebenzi welizwe elibizwa ngeTajikistan liyinkunzi. Inani labantu baseDushanbe li malunga nabantu abayi-800 lamawaka. Ukuba uqwalasela inkcazelo yembali, abavubukuli bathi loo mzi ukhona iminyaka emininzi. Usuku olusondeleyo lwesiseko seDushanbe yikhulu le-III BC. E.

Ulwimi olusemthethweni

Eli lizwe, ulwimi olusemthethweni luTajik, ngaphezu koko, abaninzi balapho bayazi kakuhle ulwimi lwaseRussia. Ngoko ke, uninzi lwabavakhenkethi basesidodeni ngokukhululekile, unokuzimela ngokuzimeleyo zonke izinto kunye nokufika ngokukhawuleza kwindawo efanelekileyo.

Inkolo

Cishe 98% yabemi bathi inkolo enye - i-Islam. Amaphesenti asele anokuthiwa ngamacandelo angafanelekanga kunye nezinye izinto.

Isakhiwo sikaRhulumente

Ngeli xesha, urhulumente unomgaqo-siseko, owamkelwa emva kowe-1994. Ukuba sigqala ingqalelo kwisakhiwo seburhulumenteni, sinokugqiba ukuba iTajikistan yiphabliki yasephalamende eholwa ngumongameli.

Kwakhona kwiphondo kukho ipalamente ye-bicameral ye-Majlisi Oli RT, equka amagumbi amaninzi. ETajikistan kukho iNkokheli ye-People's Democratic Party, eqhuba umgaqo-mkeleko kubantu, ngoko ke, kwiminyaka emininzi ngoku sele ibambe inkokheli yayo. I-republikhi yaseTajikistan ityebile ubutyebi bendalo. Inkcazo yezibonelelo zayo ibetha ngokuhluka kwayo kunye nobukhulu bayo.

Imozulu kunye nemozulu

Okumangalisa kukuba, imozulu yelizwe lonke iyakubonwa, yinto enomdla kakhulu. Imozulu kwiRiphabliki ikwi-continental ngokukhawuleza. Ngaloo ndlela, kwixesha lehlobo, ubushushu bunokufikelela +40, kodwa ebusika kuya kuma -10 degrees. Inxalenye yommandla welizwe uhlala kwiintaba, eziziphakamileyo phakathi kweentaba zaseAsia. Kwiintaba, inani elincinci lemvula liwa, ikhephu apha rhoqo. Ngenxa yokuphakama kweentaba kule ndawo, umoya awunqabile, kwaye izimo ezihle zenziwa kwi-ski resort.

Ukuze wenze uhambo ukuya ezintabeni, kufuneka ukhethe ixesha elifanelekileyo. Ixesha lehlobo liphumelele. Ixesha lasebusika libucotha, kodwa iinqabhoko zineqinile kakhulu, ngoko kukho ukuphakama okuphezulu kwe-avalanche, kwaye kungcono ukuba ungayi ezintabeni. Ukuba, nangona kunjalo, injongo yokuhamba eTajikistan ayinakuwunqoba iintaba zeentaba, ngoko kukulungele ukutyelela ilizwe ngexesha lokusasa okanye ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Imozulu yelo xesha ngeli xesha lincinci kwaye lincomekayo, unokuhamba ngeepaki kunye nezinto ezithakazelisayo.

Imilambo namachibi

Indawo epheleleyo yeTajikistan kwimithombo eyahlukileyo iboniswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ayigqithisi i-143.1,000 square meters. Km, oku kuthetha ukuba iRiphabhulikhi yenye yezona zincinci kumazwe aseAsia aseMntla. Ngelo xesha, i-90% yommandla welizwe uhlala kwiintaba.

Kodwa, nangona iimeko ezinomdla, imilambo engama-950 kunye namachibi amancinci angatholakala kwindawo yesithili. Umlambo omkhulu kwilizwe ubizwa ngokuthi nguSy Darya. Ukongezelela, kukho imilambo emininzi namachibi, ezinye zazo zinomdla kakhulu ukutyelela.

I nkcubeko

IRiphabhlikhi yaseTajikistan ineengcambu ezinzulu kwaye idume ngelifa layo lemveli. Abantu basekuhlaleni bahlonipha izithethe zabo kwaye kufuneka baphumelele kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Namhlanje, iTajiks ithanda ukugqoka iimpahla zesizwe, ngakumbi abo bahlala kwiidolophana. Amadoda alobu buhlanga bakhetha ukugqoka iingubo ezigcobileyo zokugqoka kunye neentloko ezikhethekileyo. Kodwa abafazi banxibe iingubo ezimnandi ezingenakukholelwa phantsi kweebhulukhwe zabo, iinqwelo zamahashe zisetyenziselwa njengenhloko. Ngokumalunga namantombazana, ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka ukuba agqoke i-pigtails, ibonakala enhle kwaye enhle.
Ukongeza, kwimeko ekhethekileyo ihlala ngamaholide enkolo.

Ikhishi

Eli lizwe elinemibala lichanekile ngokufanelekileyo ngokutya kwayo. KwiTajikistan, iyaziwayo, kodwa iyafana nezinye iindawo zokutya eCentral Asia. Nangona kunjalo, iindlela zokupheka kunye neendlela zokupheka zinempawu zabo. Okokuqala, lo bubugcisa bokupheka, ngenxa yolu hlobo lugqabileyo olupheleleyo.

Inhlonipho ekhethekileyo kunye nentlonelo isonka. Le mveliso iphathwa ngokuhlonipha okukhethekileyo. Isonka akufanele siphonswe, sitshitshise, kwaye asiyikunqunyulwa ngommese. Isonka kufuneka siphule ngokucokisekileyo kwaye sidliwe.

Ikhishi laseTajik isebenzisa isixa esikhulu semiphunga ecocekileyo kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zendalo. Lo mbandela uneza iirekile kwiitya.

Ukutya kwenzeka kwitafile ephantsi, kuqala ngeqela le-tea. I-tea idliwe kwii-solas ezikhethekileyo.

Izitya zenyama zilungiselelwe kuphela kwiwundlu, kunye nakubantu beebhokhwe. Ukongeza, i-sausage, eyilungiselelwe kwimizi yehashe, iyakuthandwa kakhulu. Kunconywa ngokukhethekileyo ukuba uzame i-kebab shish ukusuka kumatton. Amadoda alobuzwe bapheka inyama ngokumnandi.

Indawo yokuhlonipha ekhitshini yaseTajikistan i-pilaf. Kukho ama-recipes yendabuko esi sidiza, ngasinye esineziqholo zayo kwaye ikakhulukazi inyama ephekwe. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, abahanjethi bayacetyiswa ukuba banambise zonke iindlela, kuba izitya ezinjalo zizakuzama nje apha.

Ukusuka kwiifotye zokutyelela banikwa ii-pie kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuzaliswa, kunye ne-halva, ekhethekileyo kakhulu, kuba iquka iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinika ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele kwintlanzi yaseMpumalanga.

Kwiingcebiso ezingenakunxila ezinokunxiliswa, kunokuthiwa yi-tea eluhlaza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo. Ukongezelela, unokuzama i -herbet, kunye nobisi obunzima. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba itiye eluhlaza iphela ehlobo, kodwa ebusika kakhulu itiye emnyama. I-Sugar ayifaki kwisiselo, kodwa ubisi, ityuwa kunye nebhotela ziyamkelekile.

Ziziphi zonke izithethe ezimangalisayo iRiphabhliki yaseTajikistan idume ngokuvela kuyo?

Imbali

Kuza kube namhlanje, iTajikistan ibonakala njengelizwe elizimeleyo nelinempumelelo. Kwaye akukho baninzi abayaziyo indlela umbuso omele uyenze ngayo ukuze uzuze ukuzimela.

Ukuhlaliswa kwalo mhlaba kwaqala nangaphambi kwexesha lethu. Abaphengululi be-Archaeologists baye bafumanisa inani elikhulu lazo zonke iintlobo zezixhobo kunye nezixhobo zematye. Konke oku kufundwe ngokubanzi kwaye nanamhla unomdla omkhulu.
Ngaloo ndlela, iTajikistan ibonisa imbali yayo kwiindawo ezinzulu. Kwiminyaka emininzi apha apha iintlobo ezahlukileyo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezenza inkcubeko yombuso ibe nemibala.

Inkulungwane yeVII yaba yiphepha elitsha lembali, xa abantu belizwe beqala ukulwa nommandla kunye nenkcubeko yawo. Ngaloo ndlela, bakwazi ukugcina ifa elikhulu, iindawo eziseleyo eziye zasinda nanamhla. Kwiminyaka emininzi, umbuso ulindele ezinye iinkxwaleko kunye nokuvukisana. Iimfazwe ezininzi zaye zenziwa.

Ngo-1991, ilizwe lafumana ithuba kunye nelungelo lokuzimela. IRiphabliki yaqala ubomi obutsha, kodwa, ngelanga, kwafika imfazwe yoluntu, eyashiya ingqalelo ebuhlungu kwimbali yombuso nakwimemori yabantu. Ngo-1997, kugqiba uxolo, kwaye ilizwe lafumana elinye ithuba lobomi obutsha. Urhulumente angawusebenzisa, kwaye namhlanje ukhula kunye namazwe azimeleyo, ngezopolitiko ezizimeleyo kunye noqoqosho oluzinzileyo.

Abakhenkethi banconywa ukuba batyelele iTajikistan, baqhelane nenkcubeko, batye i-cuisine kwaye babone izinto ezithandekayo zeli lizwe langasempuma elingavamile.