Ukuphakama kweCotton. Izizathu, ngokuqinisekileyo, iziphumo

Inkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo kwenzululwazi yembali yaseRussia ibizwa ngokuba yi "buntashnogo", kwaye ayiyiyo into: ukutshatyalaliswa kweziganeko zamagazi ezidwetshiwe kwiphondo leshumi elinesixhenxe, kwaye yavula ixesha elixakekayo leCotton.

Imbali emfutshane yovuko

Ikhefu lei-XVI-XVII iikholeji yaba yi-Russia ukuvavanya amandla, umbuso ngamanye amaxesha kwakunokuphelelwa kolawulo. Ukwahlula phakathi kweminqweno yamaqela asekuhlaleni ahlala kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo kuluntu, wafumana ukutshabalaliswa okungafaniyo komnye nomnye. Kwizizathu ezizodwa zentlalo-qoqosho ngenxa yokungahambisani nobudlova phakathi kweeklasi eziphantsi, kuyafuneka kwakhona ukuba umbandela wezopolitiko okwangoku eRussia. Uninzi olutsha nje, i-autocrat enobukhohlakali nabangenabubele i- Ivan the Terrible yafa, umgaqo-nkqubo we-oprichnaya wabangela ukukrokraza kweentlobo zabantu bonke. Ukufa kokumkani, ngakwesinye icala, kwabangela ukuxhamla, kwaye kwelinye ilizwe lathinjwa leli lizwe kwiminyaka eminyaka yexesha leengxaki. Inyaniso yokuba abantwana baka-Ivan IV abazange bahluke kwimpilo (kwakunjalo nguFyodor Ivanovich, owafa emva nje koyise). Indodana yokugqibela eyayihlala yintsapho yaseRurikovich eyayinamandla, yayingumncinci, ngoko ke ayikwazanga ukulawula, ngaphezu koko, yafa phantsi kweemeko eziyimfihlelo. Lapha kwiproscenium yezopolitiko kuvela uhlobo oluhle lwe-boyar of Godunovs, owathatha itrone, ephikisana nobudlelwane babo kunye nokosi wokugqibela.

Izizathu zokuvukela

Nangona kunjalo, umbusi omtsha wayeyingozi kakhulu. Ewe, ininzi yezinto ezenzekayo kwiminyaka yokuqala yolawulo lukaBris yayisisiphumo sokubusa kwangaphambili. Kancinci, enye yalahla kwenye kwaye yabangela ukunyuka okungakaze kwenzeke kwintlonelo eqhelekileyo. Enye yeembonakalo zayo yayiyivuko leCotton. Izizathu zalo mcimbi zigqityiwe kwipolisi yokucinezelwa kunye nokugqithiswa kwamakhoboka. Abaninzi babo basindile kwiimimandla zabanini-mhlaba, ngaloo ndlela, inani elikhulayo lababhikishi babuthana ngasempuma-mpuma kwelizwe. Esinye sezibonakaliso zokuqala ezicacileyo kuorhulumente omtsha unokuqwalaselwa ngo-1602, xa ukuphanga kwamanani amakhulu kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kolawulo lweminye imimandla. Kwafuneka ndiyithumele imikhosi yemikhosi ukuze ndiyicinezele. Kwiminyaka 1602-1603. Ngenxa yeengqungquthela zakuqala, kwavela indlala enkulu, eyabangela ubumpofu kunye nokuphanga. Ekupheleni kwehlobo le-1603, enye yeengxabano ezinkulu kwikota yesithathu yekhulu le-17 yaqhambuka, eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-Khlopka.

Ikhosi yovuko

Ukukhubazeka ngokupheleleyo kwakuyeyona ndlela ebaluleke kakhulu ehlangene neendawo ezisentshona kunye neentshona zelizwe-indlela yeSmolensk. Kwakukho iiyunithi zamaseva ezibaleki ngaphantsi komyalelo weCottonfoot. Abasemagunyeni, ababengabandakanyekanga ngokubaluleka kule nto, bakhawuleza baqonda impazamo yabo. Ukuchasene nabavukeli kwakufuneka basebenzise imikhosi emikhulu yemikhosi, ngemiyalelo kaBoris Godunov ukudibana "ngaphandle kokuthobela ama-serfs" yathunyelwa kwi-regiment yaseMoscow ekhokelwa yi-Okolnichy IF. Basmanov. Uvuko olukhokelwa nguKhlopko lumboze yonke imimandla emitsha, kuyaphawuleka ukuba abazange bagxininise imfuno zezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho, kwaye ngenjongo yokukhwabanisa kunye nokuphanga okuqhelekileyo. I-voivode yeTsar yayiphatha amandla okulwa namakhoboka ababalekiyo kunye nenkokeli yabo ngokunyaniseka, leyo ayihlawulise ngokukhawuleza. Ekulweni, okwakunobunzima obude, uBasmanov wabulawa ngokufa.

Iziphumo zoMvukelo

Emva kokufa komkhosi wamasosha ama-tsarist, ukulwa akuzange kuphephe, kodwa kwaqhekeka ngamandla. Inkambo yemfazwe ngaphezu kweyodwa yanyanzelisa ukuba ihambe. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqeqeshwa kwezempi kunye nezixhobo zazinendima, ekupheleni kosuku abavukeli ababengenakuvimba ingcinezelo yamagosa karhulumente baze baqala ukubuyela ekhaya, kodwa abangaqhelekanga ngamaqhinga empi, bavula indawo zabo zangaphambili, abaphikisana nabo. Ukutshatyalaliswa ngokubanzi kwabavukeli baqala; Kwaye abo bafana abangazange baxhathise baze bathathwe entolongweni, kungekudala babulawa ngaphandle kovavanyo kunye nefuthe. Inkokheli yeso sivuko yayisichukumisa kakhulu kwaye yathathwa intolongweni kwiinkampani zama-tsarist. Iso lakhe lavalwa. EMoscow, uKhlopko wabulawa.

Umlandeli wemfazwe yombango?

Ukuphakama kweCotton ye-1603 kubonise ukungqubuzana okukhoyo kwintlalo yaseRussia. Kwaye kwinqanaba layo elikhethekileyo kwakungekho ubunye malunga nekamva kwelizwe. Amanqanaba amaninzi kunye neentlanga zaseburhulumenteni babemelene ngqo ne-tsar entsha, ecinga ukuba ngumbulali nombulali kaDmitry Uglichsky. Ukungavumelani okunjalo akunakwenzeka kodwa kuthintela umgca ongaphantsi, kuba abaqhubi beembono zoluntu ngelo xesha babengumfana kunye nabahloniphekileyo, kwaye ukungabikho komanyano phakathi kwabo kwavusa iintlungu ezahlukeneyo zentlalo. Abaphandi abaninzi bacinga ukuba Ixesha leengxaki liba yimfazwe yokuqala yembambano, ekhuthaza ukuba zonke iindawo zombutho waseRashiya zithathe inxaxheba kumlinganiselo ophezulu okanye ongaphantsi kweziganeko ezikhankanywe. Ubungqina obukhethekileyo kulo mzekelo yi-Cotton revolt, elandelelwano lwezenzo zamagazi.