Ukukhula kwamagilebhisi kwiqela eliphakathi. Ukunyamekela iidiliya kumbindi ophakathi

Amagilebhisi isityalo esine-thermophilic, ivakalelwa kakuhle kwimimandla esezantsi. Ukukhula kwamagilebhisi kwisibhinqa esiphakathi ngoku kunokwenzeka. Ukukhula kwamagilebhisi kwiindawo ezikukumntla kuninzi ziye zazama ukususela ngexesha likaPetros. UMichurin wayengowokuqala ukufumana iintlobo ezichasene nesimo sezulu esibanda. Ziyimibini yokuqala yokuqala yasebusika kunye neyobusika e-Amur neBaytur. Ezi ntlobo zisaziwa ngabantu abalimi. Kwindawo yaseMoscow, bahlala behlala bengahlali ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala.

Ukukhula kwamagilebhisi. Umyalelo wesinyathelo ngeyinyathelo

Ukukhula ngokuphumelelayo kwamagilebhisi kuyimfuneko:

1. Khetha iindidi ezifunwayo.
2. Gqiba kwiziko lokufika.
3. Lungisa umhlaba wokutyala.
4. Ukwakha inkxaso kwiimbewu.
5. Ukutyala izityalo.
6. Ukutshiza kwehlobo kushushu.
7. Iidiliya zidinga ukusika izihlahla.
8. Indawo yokuhlala ebusika.

Ukutshalwa kwamagilebhisi ebhanti eliphakathi kusandul 'ukunyuka ngakumbi kubahlali behlobo kunye nabalimi. Oku kunokwenzeka, ufuna kuphela ukhethe ibanga elifanelekileyo lokuvuthwa kwangaphambili. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukunakekelwa kwamagilebhisi kumbindi ophakathi kuya kuncitshiswa ukuya kulungiswa, ukusetyenziswa kwezichumiso ze-organic and mineral, kunye nokususa kwi-trellis kwaye ukulungiselela umdiliya ubusika ngumcimbi wezobuchwepheshe.

Ukukhethwa kwendawo yeidiliya

Ukukhethwa ngokufanelekileyo kwendawo yeediliya sele isiqingatha sempumelelo. Esi sityalo sikhula kakuhle kwiindawo ezivulelekile ilanga kwaye zikhuselwe kakuhle emoyeni. Kwiindawo ezinesimo sezulu esinzima, iidiliya zikhulile ngempumelelo kwisicingo okanye izindonga zendlu ezijongene nentshona-ntshona okanye ezantsi. Iindawo ezinokuphefumula kwomoya obandayo kwesi sityalo azifanelekanga.

Umhlaba wale sityalo esisenzantsi kufuneka uphelelwe kakuhle, kwaye impendulo kufuneka ingathathi hlangothi (pH 6.5-7.0). Isiza sewayini esizayo sikhethiweyo, ngoku siza kuqala ukulungiselela umhlaba.

Ukulungiselela umhlaba

Ukulima ngokuphumelelayo kweediliya ebhanti eliphakathi kuqala ngokulungiselela umhlaba. Le mi sebenzi kufuneka iqhutywe iintsuku ezili-15 ukuya kwe-20 ngaphambi kokutyala izityalo ezincinane. Ukuze kuncitshiswe i-acidity yomhlaba, i-lime isetyenziswe kwisilinganiso se-150-200 g nganye kwi-1 sq. Km. M weendawo zokufika.

Umhlaba kwisiza seedliya esizayo kufuneka utyongwe. Umhlaba ompofu uhlulwe ngumgquba okanye umquba. Ukwenza oku, yenza ibhakethi enye ye-organic kwi-1 sq. Km. Mnu kwaye kufuneka udibanise enye yezichumisi ezincinci zezichumisi, umzekelo, i-superphosphate.

Inkxaso kwiidiliya

Kwiziko lesidimo esizayo kufuneka ukhethe inkxaso yomdiliya. Kumgca wokumisela, emva kwe-2.5m mitha, kubalulekile ukuqhuba iiprojekthi zeenkuni ezintathu ubude. Ziqhutyelwa emhlabathini kwi-cm cm engama-60. Eyokuqala ikhona kwindawo ephakamileyo ye-40 cm, ngoko umda phakathi kwetawu ngu-30 cm. Isidiliya siya kugqitywa emva koko .

Ukutyalwa kwezityalo

Ezinye iziqili zokukhula kwamagilebhisi kwisibhinqa esiphakathi zikhoyo. Ukuqala, kufuneka ukhethe uhlobo olufanelekileyo lokukhula okuqala. Ukuba kwimimandla esezantsi ezisemzantsi izalinywa ukususela ngo-Oktobha ukuya kuMatshi, ngoko ke kwimimandla eneenkomfa ezinqabileyo (umgama ophakathi), ixesha elifanelekileyo kakhulu lokutyala ngentsasa entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga atyatyambo (ekuqaleni kukaMeyi).

Ukuba ukufika kuqhutyelwa ngaphandle kwocingo okanye udongeni, umgama ukusuka kuwo ukuya kwii-seedlings kufuneka ube ubuncinane ubunzima be-40 cm, kwaye kumqolo phakathi kwezityalo kufuneka kugcinwe i-1.2 m. Kwimeko yokutyala kwindawo evulekile, umgama olandelanayo u-1.5 m, phakathi kweediliya Kwimiqolo - 2 m.

Ukuba izityalo zihlanganisiwe, indawo yokugonywa kufuneka ibe ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlaba xa ityalwe. Emva kokuba iidiliya zityalwe, kufuneka ziboshwe kwiinkxaso ezilungiselelwe, zininzi kumanzi kwaye zifihla umhlaba ngomquba okanye umquba, ngoko ukunyamezela kuya kuhlala ixesha elide emhlabathini.

Enye indlela yokutshala iidiliya izityalo zomdiliya zibheke kwiibhedi, ukuphakama kwayo malunga ne-25 cm. Imida yeembhedlele iyaqiniswa ngeebhotile zeplastiki zimbethe emhlabathini. Le ndlela yokutyala ivumela ukufudumala ukufudumla ngakumbi kwiingcambu kwaye ngokukhawuleza ixesha lokuvuthwa kwesityalo.

Ukunciphisa

Umsebenzi wokwenza iziqhamo umdiliya uvelise isiqhamo esinamandla esithwala isiqithi. Ukutsalwa kwemihla yonyaka. Uthobe umdiliya, ngaphantsi koko ushiya izintso. Ngoko, umzekelo, kwiphitshi enobuninzi be-10 mm ngexesha lokutsalwa kwekwindla, kunokwenzeka ukuba ushiye ezininzi ezinama-10-11 ezintshontshi, kwaye kwipheputhe enobubanzi obuyi-5 mm kuphela ama-buds ama-5 asele.

Ngentwasahlobo, izihluma zezivuno zonyaka ziya kuphuhlisa. Ukukhula kwamagilebhisi kwiqela eliphakathi liphumelele, kungcono ukuluqhawula ngamanyathelo amabini. I-pruning yokuqala iqhutywe ngekwindla emva kokuhluma, kubandakanya ukususa umdiliya ongaphiliweyo kunye namahlumela enobunzima kwaye awonakele. Isigaba sesibini sokucima iidiliya senziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, emva kokubanjwa kwezinto ezibusika. Iyakususa kwakhona amahlumela abonakalisiweyo kunye namaqabunga adibeneyo kwaye yenza isigqibo malunga nomthwalo, ngokuhambelana nale nto, ukucwilwa kwenziwa.

Indawo yokuhlala ebusika

Ekwindla ekwindla, ngaphambi kwesithwathwa sokuqala, umdiliya ususwe kwi-trellis, ityunyiwe, i-remains of leaves igxothwe, iboshwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ifakwe phantsi. Isiseko sehlathi sifuna ukuphakama emhlabathini. Ukuba kukho i-inoculation, ngoko-ke intaba kufuneka yenziwe ngendlela efihliwe ngokupheleleyo ngumhlaba.

Ngaphezulu, phambi kokuqala kwamaqabunga aqinile, umdiliya uvuna. Indlela elula kukugubungela i-lapnik. AmaBakala ngokukhethekileyo alungiselelwe ibhande eliphakathi, ekhuselwe ngale ndlela, ngokubusika ngokupheleleyo.

Enye indlela, ngokubanzi eyenziwa ngabalimi, kukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingenagqabiweyo, ngokukodwa, i-sugril. Zihlanganiswe ngeenxa zonke ezixhunyiwe kwaye zibekwe phantsi emadlelweni emidiliya, kwaye ziphezulu zihlanganiswe nezinto eziphahlayo.

Ngentwasahlobo, xa iqhwa liyancibilika, ezi khusela ziyakususwa kwaye zihlanjululwe iziqhamo zomdiliya. Nciphisa amaqabunga obuthathaka, umdiliya onqabileyo kwaye ophukileyo.

I-Agrotechnics yamagilebhisi: ukulima kwamagilebhisi kwiqela eliphakathi

Iidiliya zinyuka phantse kuwo wonke ummandla. Siza kuphinda siphinda kwakhona ngeediliya kwisiqendu esiphakathi saseRashiya. I-Agrotechnics yezidiliya ezikhulayo kule ndawo zancitshiswa ukuba zikhethwe ngempumelelo kwindawo yeidiya, ukutshala okufanelekileyo nokunyamekela umdiliya. Indawo kufuneka ikhethwe ilanga lelanga kule ndawo, ngaphezu koko, akufuneki kungene kwimimoya ebandayo yasenyakatho, kuba le nto ifake isikrini okanye izityalo zomdiliya kunye nodonga olusenyakatho lwendlu okanye ucingo.

Xa utyala iidiliya ezincinci, kufuneka zikhunjulwe ukuba isiqithi kule ndawo siya kukhula kwaye sivelise isiqhamo seminyaka emininzi, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuthatha uxanduva lokutshala ngokufanelekileyo. Umhlaba omhle wamanzi kunye nesondlo kufuneka ubeke kwindawo yokulima. Njengomlambo, sebenzisa izitena ezaphukileyo. Ukuba umhlaba unzima, isanti kufuneka ifakwe. Umhlaba onomsoco unokubandakanya umquba okanye i-humus, apho i-200-250 g ye-superphosphate iyongezwa, le ngcomo iyimfuneko ekuvuneni.

Ukuba konke kwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo, iifesi ezincinci zamagilebhisi ziqala ukuvelisa iziqhamo zonyaka wesithathu. Ukunyamekela okuqhubekayo kubandakanya ukwakheka okusemthethweni kwehlathi kunye nokusika izihlahla. Kwihlobo elitshisayo, iidiliya zifuna ukuchelela amaxesha angama-5 ngexesha ngalinye. Ukunkcenkceshela akufanele kube lula, kodwa kuninzi.

Ukukhusela isithwathwa, kunye neentlobo zeediliya ezingamelana neqabunga kwiindawo ezinobusika obushushu kufuneka zikhuselwe.