Isitampu se-greenhouse: i-overview, imibono, inkcazo, iimpawu kunye nokuhlaziywa. Ukukhanyisa kwe-greenhouse kunye ne-LED kunye nezibane ze-sodium

Namhlanje, abaninzi abantu baseRussia abanamacandelo omhlaba okanye amaqhinga asekuhlaleni bacinga ngokukwakha izakhiwo zokugcina izityalo. Isisombululo sikuvumela ukuba utyunye ukutya - kukuhle ukubona imifuno kunye nemifuno etafileni yakho kunyaka, kunye nokuxhasa kakhulu uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kwixesha lethu elinzima.

Ngoko, masicinge ukuba i-greenhouse yakho ilungile: isiseko sakhiwe, isakhelo sakhiwe, kukho i-glazing (i-polycarbonate yeselula okanye ifilimu), umhlaba uzaliswe, iibhedi zenziwe. Imibuzo yokunkcenkceshela nokufudumala icingelwa kakuhle. Kubonakala ngathi yonke into iyicingelwa. Nangona kunjalo, oku akunjalo ngokupheleleyo. Ngaba ucinga ngokukhanya? Kwaye ngaba kuyimfuneko? Emva koko, ukukhanya kwemvelo kwanele emini, kwaye ebusuku ku funeka izityalo ziphumle. Ziziphi izityalo ezifuna ukukhanya okongeziweyo kunye noko kufanele ukuba yiyiphi, iziphi izibane zokutshisa i-greenhouse namhlanje zikhoyo, siya kuzama ukuxelela kule nqaku.

Kuphuhliso oluqhelekileyo kunye nokukhula okukhulu, izityalo zifuna inani elikhulu lamandla. Itholakala kwimimandla ekhanyayo: ilanga kwindalo, kwaye kwimeko yokuvelisa i-greenhouse - izibane ezizodwa.

Yintoni ekumele ibe yinto ekukhanyeni?

Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukukhanya kwelanga kubaluleke kakhulu kwizityalo zezolimo, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuyisebenzisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, ubude bosuku olukhanyayo (ekwindla, ebusika nasentwasahlobo) aluvumeli ukulima kwezitshalo ngokupheleleyo - izityalo zifuna amandla elanga ubuncinane kwiiyure ezilishumi ukuya kweyeshumi elinesibini ngosuku. Ngaliphi na ixesha (ngaphandle kwehlobo), kuya kufuneka usebenzise izibane ukuze ukhanyise iindawo zokugcina izityalo.

Ukwenza izimo ezintle zokukhula kweenkcubeko, kuyimfuneko ukulandela imithetho elula.

1. Ukukhanyisa okufakelwayo kwe-greenhouse kunye nezibane ze-LED (njengokuba, ngokwenene, nayiphi na enye) akufanele ingene endaweni yelanga. Kufuneka isebenze kuphela ukunyusa usuku lokukhanya. Ngako oko, isibane sobume be-greenhouse kufuneka sikhishwe ngendlela enokuthi ingayithinteli ukungena kwelanga.
2. Kwi-greenhouse, ukukhanya kungakhange kube nzima ukuya kwiiyure ezili-16 ngosuku (oku kuxhomekeke kwisityalo esakhulayo).
3. Izityalo zokukhanyisa akufanele zibe ngumhla: endaweni yokukhula kwezityalo uza kufumana umphumo ochaseneyo - ukuphazamisa nokunciphisa ihlumela.
4. Izityalo zifuna ukuphumla kunye nobumnyama ngeeyure ezingama-6 ngosuku.

Yintoni efunekayo izityalo?

Zonke izityalo zinokuhlulwa ngokwemigaqo ye-photoperiodicity. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkcubeko nganye yokwakhiwa kweziqhamo idinga ixesha elilodwa lobusuku bemini. Ngokwalo mgaqo, izityalo zinokuhlulwa:

• Inkcubeko yosuku olufutshane-badinga ngaphantsi kweeyure ezilishumi elinesibhozo (ukukhanya) ngosuku;
• Umhla omude - izityalo zidinga iiyure ezili-12 zokukhanya.

Ungakhetha njani izibane?

Ngokuqhelekileyo, izityalo ezikhulile ukuvelisa ientyantyambo neziqhamo zifuna ukukhanya ngakumbi kunezo zikhulile kumagqabi kunye neziqu. Oku kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo xa usenza isigqibo sokuba sisibane esiphila kuyo. Namhlanje kwi-intanethi yorhwebo kukho ukukhethwa okukhulu kwezixhobo zokukhanyisa kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo. Zibonakaliswa ngamandla okugcina amandla, umbala wokukhanya okhutshiwe, indleko kunye nezinye iiparitha.

Yintoni endiyifunayo xa ndikhetha izibane?

Okokuqala kufuneka ucele umenzi wesibane. Iimpawu eziqingqiweyo ziqinisekisa ubungakanani, inkonzo (ngezinye iindleko ezininzi). Izibane zaseTshayina zikhangeleka kakhulu kwixabiso eliphantsi, kodwa, ngelanga, awuyi kufumana naziphi na iziqinisekiso okanye inkonzo.

Amandla amatye (W)

Esi sibonakaliso sibonisa ukuba uninzi kangakanani isibane sisebenzisa i-greenhouse ngeyure yokusebenza.

Amandla ombane

Ukwazi le parameter, uya kuba nokubala ukuba zibane izibane ezifunekayo ukwenzela ukukhanya okwaneleyo kwendawo yokuhlala.

Ukukhanya kwebala

Kuyavunywa, isibane sendawo yokutya, ekwazi ukuhambisa i-ray ye-ray ye-100%, ayisakadalwa. Ngoko ke, abanikazi abanolwazi bahlala behlanganisa izibane ukuze bafezekise umphumo ongcono. Izazinzulu-izazi zezinto eziphilayo zakwazi ukubonisa ukuba ukukhanya okungafaniyo kuhlakulela izityalo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Ngokomzekelo, imirhubhe eluhlaza obomvu neyomhlaza iqhubekisa i-photosynthesis - isityalo siyomeleza kwaye sikhule ngokukhawuleza. Imibala ephuzi kunye eluhlaza iyakuthintela i-photosynthesis. Kule meko, iziqu zezityalo zoluliwe kwaye zincinciwe. Imisimbozo ye-Orange kunye nobomvu yindlela enamandla kakhulu yokuvelisa iziqhamo kunye nezimbali zezityalo, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ngokukhululeka kwazo isityalo sinokufa. Ukuchasana nokubanda kubanda imisebe ye-ultraviolet, kwakhona kwimiqhamo kunye namaqabunga ezityalo zezithambile.

Iindidi zeebhule zokugcina izityalo

Kwaye ngoku siza kukuzisa kwiintlobo zezibane, kwaye uya kugqiba isibani esiluhlaza. Sithemba ukuba ulwazi olufunyenweyo luyakunceda wenze ukhetho olufanelekileyo.

Izibane ze-fluorescent

Olu hlobo lwezinto zokukhanyisa luvame ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezincinci zokugcina izityalo okanye zokugcina izityalo. Ziyonke ixabiso, kwaye kwisicelo - abaninzi banokuya. Umgangatho ofanelekileyo wokukhanya unokufezekiswa ngokudibanisa izibane zokukhanya okumhlophe okufudumele kunye nebandayo.

Isibane esinjalo sokutsalwa kwetreenhouse singasebenza malunga neeyure ezingama-2000. Ngokuqhelekileyo iziphumo ezinzima kwizityalo, isibane se-ultraviolet sisetyenziswe ngokufakela , esithintela ukuphuhliswa kweebhaktheriya ezinobungozi kumagqabi ezityalo kunye nomhlaba. Kodwa simele sivume ukuba kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo zilungele ukhethe olunye uhlobo lokukhanyisa, kuba i-luminescent iya kuthatha kakhulu.

Izinzuzo

1. Okokuqala, ukusebenza kwesixhobo. Ukukhanya kwesikhanyiso sokukhanya okupheleleyo. Ngoko ke, zinokusetyenziswa kuwo onke amanqanaba okuphuhlisa inkcubeko - ukusuka kwiimbewu ezikhulayo ukuvuthwa ngokupheleleyo kwesityalo.
2. Xabiso elithengiswayo.
3. Ukukhanya okukhulu.
4. Ezi zibane aziyikufudumala, ngoko, aziphazamisi i-microclimate ye-greenhouse.
5. Musa ukufuna izakhono zobugcisa ezizodwa zokufakela.

Iingxaki

1. Isithsi se-fluorescent sobume be-greenhouse sikhulu kwaye sinokubangela ukufikelela kwelanga lokukhanya emini.
2. Unobungakanani obuhle bokukhanya.
3. Iyakwenza utshintsho kwiqondo lokushisa kwangaphandle - ukuba isebenze ngokuqhelekileyo idinga ukushisa kwama-+25 degrees. Xa linciphisa, isibane sinokuphuma kuphela.
4. Ayinakumelana nomswakama ophezulu (akukho ngaphaya kwama-70%).

Iitampu ziqhotyoshelweyo ngaphezu kwezityalo kwisithuba esinqamlekileyo, esicwangcisiweyo kwisigxina seengxande esenziwe ngentsimbi. Zifumaneka kwindawo ephakamileyo ukuya kuma-centimitha amahlanu kwisityalo se-photophilous, kunye nokuphakama kwama-centimitha angamashumi amahlanu nangaphezulu-kwizityalo ezingakhethi ukukhanya okukhanyayo.

Izibane zeMercury

Ukukhula izityalo kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo kunye neendawo zokugcina izityalo, izibane ze-mercury ziveliswa - i-DRLF, ekhuthaza ukutshala i-photosynthesis yezityalo. Iimpawu zazo zomlambo zisoloko zibomvu, ngoko kulunge ukuyisebenzisa ngexesha lokuvuthwa kweziqhamo.

Nangona kunjalo, umntu kufuneka azi ukuba kukho iingxaki ezingaphezulu kwezixhobo ezinjengezinto ezifanelekileyo. Ezi ziquka:

• Ingozi yokuxhaphaza. Emva kokuphuka isibane esinjalo, awukwazi ukuqokelela iibhola ze-mercury. Kule meko, kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha umhlaba kunye nokutshabalalisa zonke izityalo.
• Isibane esinjalo asikwazi ukulahla ekupheleni kobomi bayo obuncedo. Ngenxa yale njongo, kukho indlela ekhethekileyo yokusetyenziswa.
• Ubonakaliswe yimisebe ephezulu ye-ultraviolet.

Izibane ze-sodium eziphezulu eziphezulu zeendawo zokugcina izityalo

Ziye zithunyelwa kwinqanaba elikhupha iindawo ezibomvu kunye nezilwanyana ze-orange. Iingcali zibonisa ukuba inxalenye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yenkcubeko iya kufumana ukukhanya kwemini.

Izinzuzo

• Ingxabano ephambili ngokufanelekileyo kwezibane ezinokubakho ziyakucingisisa ukuzuza kwabo. Ezi zixhobo zidla umbane omncinci kwaye ngexesha elifanayo zingabizi ngaphaya kwezifaniso zokusebenza, umzekelo, izibane ze-LED. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ufuna ukukhanyisa i-greenhouse enkulu.
• Ukongezelela, izibane ze-sodium zendawo zokugcina izityalo zisebenza kwiiyure ezingamawaka amabini.
• Ukuphuma kokukhanya kukugqithise kakhulu ukusebenza kwezibane ze-fluorescent.

Iingxaki

• Izibane ze-sodium zendawo zokugcina izityalo zivelisa ubushushu obuninzi. Oku kunokubanjelwa kokubili inzuzo kunye nokungalunganga kwesixhobo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izibane ezinjalo zisebenza kakuhle kwi-greenhouse ebusika. Baya kuba ngumthombo owongezelelweyo wokutshisa. Kodwa entwasahlobo, ekwindla, kwaye, ewehlotyeni, ukushisa okunjalo kungonakalisa izityalo, kwaye umnini uya kubeka iliso rhoqo kwiqondo lokushisa kwi-greenhouse.
• Ezi zibane zichaphazela kakubi ukuphuhliswa kwezityalo ezincinci - inxalenye ebomvu yeembonakalo zazo kubangela ukuba izityalo zilula, iziqu ziba zincinci.
• Izibane zesodium zinokutsala iinambuzane ezinobungozi.
• Ngaphakathi kwezi zibane umxube we-mercury kunye ne-sodium. Ngako oko (njengezibane ze-mercury) azikhuselekile ukusebenza.
• Izibane ze-sodium azikwazi ukuxhunyezwa ukuba ukuguqulwa kwintanethi yombane kudlula i-5%.

Iibhulabhu ze LED zokugcina izityalo

Ngokuqhelekileyo zibizwa ngokuba zibane-LED. Nangona kunjalo ukuba zibiza kakhulu, lolu hlobo lokukhanyisa luya kudlalwa kakhulu. Ukudibanisa ukudibanisa kwezi zibane, unokufikelela ekukhanyeni ngokubunjwa kwe-spectral - sebenzisa ukukhanya komntu ngamnye nakweyiphi intlobo yezityalo. Ukukhanyisa i-greenhouse kunye nezibane ze-LED kukuvumela ukuba uhlengahlengise ubukhulu bokukhanya , kuxhomekeke ekuphakameni kokufakwa kwezixhobo kunye nenani labo. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lokukhula kwezityalo, unako ukubanika ukukhanya ngakumbi ngetrafti eluhlaza, xa izithelo zokuvuthwa - ezibomvu nezilwanyana.

Izinzuzo

1. Ukusebenza kombane.
2. Sebenza kwiqondo eliphantsi kakhulu.
3. Ubomi bexesha elide (ukuya kwiiyure eziyi-100 zeeyure).
4. Musa ukutshisa - i-microclimate ye-greenhouse ayikwaphulwa.
5. Ubuninzi bokufumana ukutshiswa yizityalo akufaki, nangona kunjalo kwimeko ekufutshane ngayo.
6. I-LED ayimelana nokunyusa, utshintsho lokushisa kunye nomonakalo owenziwe ngombane.

Iingxaki

1. Kukho umlinganiselo omnye kuphela kunye nezibane - izindleko eziphezulu.

Izibane

Isibane esinjalo sokutshisa i-greenhouse ebusika sihle. Ndimele ndithi namhlanje abaninzi abanikazi bamagesi abasebenzela utywala banokukhetha iindlela ezintsha ze-infrared. Ezi nkqubo ziyimpumelelo kwaye zonyusa, zakwazi ukudala iimeko kwiindawo ezikufutshane kwendalo.

Izinzuzo

• Izibane ezifakwe kwi-greenhouse ezifudumeleyo zifudumala izityalo kunye nomhlaba kakuhle.
• Iqondo lokushisa lomoya linyusa ukusuka kumandla akhululwe ngodonga lwendawo yokuthambisa kunye nomhlaba. Lo ngumphambili omkhulu phakathi kweenkqubo ze-IR ezivela kumbane kagesi kunye neendlela ezithandayo, apho umoya (ukufudumala) uphuphukela phezulu, kwaye izityalo nomhlaba zihlala zipholile.
• Ezi zifuthayo, ukuba zifunwa, zinokuxhotyiswa ngama-thermostats, apho ngezinye iinkalo ziyeka ukunikezwa kobushushu kwaye ziphinde zifudumeze ukufudumeza xa iqondo lokushisa liyehla.
• Ngokukhawuleza ukufudumala emoyeni. Izaphulo ezivela kumbane we-infrared akuyiyo ingozi kubantu okanye kwizityalo.
• Musa ukumisa umoya.
• Le nkqubo iphantse ingabikho.

Njengoko uyakubona, namhlanje kuninzi izixhobo zokukhanyisa zokugcina izityalo. Xa sele beqhelana neziphene kunye neenzuzo zabo, umnini ngamnye uya kukwazi ukukhetha umthombo ofanelekileyo womthombo wokukhanyisa ukutshisa.

Ukuhlaziywa kwabanini be-Greenhouse

Ngokubantu abenza imifuno kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo, ungasebenzisa ukukhanya okungafaniyo. Ngenxa yoko, zombini izibane ze-fluorescent ne-LED zifanelekile. Kwimeko yokuqala, iindleko eziphantsi zezibane ziyakhangwa, ukukhula okukhawulezayo kwezityalo. Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi abanikazi bezityalo zokutya bakhetha idiode zokukhanya, ngaphandle kweendleko zabo eziphezulu. Ixabiso labo lichanekileyo ngokusetyenziswa kwamandla asezantsi kunye nobomi obude.

Ukususela kumbane e-mercury, abaninzi banqabile ngenxa yokuba, ukuphula, isibane esinokubangela iingxaki ezininzi. Ukuba ukufudumala okongeziweyo kuyadingeka, abalimi abanomhluno abanomdla bacebisa ukusebenzisa izibane ze-infrared.