UHarald Hardrada, ukumkani wokugqibela Vikings: biography, imbali umdla facts

Owayephila kwinkulungwane XI nguKumkani Norway uHarald III Stern, okwabizwa ngokuba uHarald Hardrada, waba ngomnye ngookumkani ezininzi okhanyayo ngexesha lakhe. Ebutsheni bakhe eBha- evela kwilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe, waza wachitha iminyaka emininzi elubhacweni, ukuzuza nanceba. UHarald bakhonza eRussia Byzantium. Emva kokubuyela eNorway, wavuka ngenxa itrone. Emva koko, ezinamazinga ahlukile empumelelo konung ndalwa nabamelwane yawo yonke. iphulo sakhe sokugqibela ukugaleleka eNgilani. Ukufa uHarald e Albion kwaphawula ukuphela kwixesha behlasela Viking yaseYurophu (ngenxa yesi sizathu udla ngokubizwa ngokuba "Ukumkani Viking wokugqibela").

ebuntwaneni

Uyise uHarald III Sigurd Syr - konung Ringerike ubukumkani encinane kwimpuma eNorway. Legendary Viking wazalwa malunga 1015. Yena waba nesiqingatha-umzalwana uOlaf Ii. Ngowe-1015-1028 gg. ukuba umzala wakhe wathabatha etroneni uKumkani bonke eNorway. Ulawulo uOlaf likaThixo ngenkuthalo kukhuthazwa Sigurd.

Ukususela kwasebuntwaneni ekuqaleni, uHarald Hardrada eyaziwa isimilo sakhe nabo umnqwazi. Oku akumangalisi, iimpawu kakhulu ezazithandwa Vikings. Baluncedo uHarald kwiminyaka eli-15. Ngowe-1030 uOlaf wabulawa, wahliswa Olwa indlu amandla estridsen Knud (kamva uWele Omkhulu). Zokugweba xa imfazwe Idabi Stiklastdire. UOlaf waphulukana nobomi bakhe, yaye uHarald Hardrada wonzakala. Wakwazi ukubaleka, ubalekele angabamelwane eSweden.

wokuvala

Ukuba lakubo elahlekileyo, UHarald kumazwe angaphandle baqalisa ukwenza oko akwenzayo best. Yena ndawonye iqela lakhe kunye naye waqalisa ukuya kukhonza Yaroslava Mudrogo. Umkhosi kwakhona wangena egorheni odumileyo Eyliv Ragnvaldson. Prince of Kiev ngelo xesha ilwa ePoland, kwaye bancede Vikings waba luncedo olukhulu kuye. Ngokutsho sagas yaseScandinavia, uHarald Hardrada ngumntu wesibini emkhosini emva Yaroslav kakhulu.

Isebenza skalds ukunika umfanekiso kakhulu ngokupheleleyo kubomi Viking ngaphandle eNorway. Xa INqaba sagas "Biyela Umhlaba" isiqinisekiso yenkonzo uHarald umlawuli lamaByzantine. Michael IV Paphlagonian uHarald zifakiwe kwi elite Varangian Guard. Phantsi kweliso kwi-Norwegian ezingamakhulu amahlanu amadoda adumileyo. Xa inkonzo yamaGrike alwa uHarald Mediterranean Pirates. Ngowe-1036-1040 gg. waye mkhosi Georgiya Maniaka. Lo mkhosi wenza esasiseSisili, apho kwakukho imfazwe ngokusemthethweni azinza apho.

Ukubaleka evela Byzantium

Eli phulo yokugqibela enkulu uHarald kwinkonzo ubukhosi yaba kwezithandani le mvukelo yaseBulgaria ngo-1041. Ngokutsho legend, DRC Peter II Delyan emehlweni wabulawa Norwegian Vikings. Kunyaka olandelayo, uHarald III Hardrada eConstantinople wathabatha inxaxheba ubhedu ebhotwe. Ngoko ke, ngubani oye lihlazo, kwafuneka ukuba basabe Byzantium.

Ngokutsho iinguqulelo ezahlukileyo, Viking babalekela nokuba eKiev okanye Novgorod. On luck wakhe, athi kude Greece yonke imali yazo. Njengoko intloko Yabalindi, wazuza isixa esikhulu. Onke la matye axabisekileyo negolide nazo zigcinwe eRashiya.

Ubomi Russia

Ngowe-1043 Yaroslav Mudry uHarald wathumela kunye nonyana wakhe, inkosana Novgorod, Vladimir, kwiphulo lokulwa baseByzantium uBukhosi, ngoko imigaqo Constantine Monomakh. Eli phulo aluphumelelanga. weenqanawa Russian iye ubunzima oyiswa. Wafa 6000 bafo. UHarald Vladimir ukwazile ukusinda aze abuyele eKiev.

Ukuba ubusika efanayo Norwegian watshata intombi ka Yaroslava Mudrogo Elizabeth. Ke wayenabantwana ababini (Ingigerd noMariya). Hi ndlela leyi, i-Viking waba ngumKristu. Noko ke, abaninzi izithethe amahasa elidlulileyo sabahedeni yaseScandinavia nangoku zingalahlekanga kude. Ngoko ke, uHarald waye ishweshwe iTorah. Kulo azalelwa elizayo uKumkani Norwegian Magnus II III uOlaf noxolo.

Kwakhona eNorway

Imali eqokelelwe ngexesha inkonzo kuBukhosi baseByzantium, wavumela uHarald ukuba aqokelele ngumkhosi onamandla, yaye naye ukuba abuyele ekhaya. ENorway, ngoko ke imithetho musa Congress, ezihlangwini zakhe Magnus Dobry. UHarald, yena ngumtshana. Ukongeza eNorway, Denmark Magnus ulawula. imbangi yakhe ukuxhaphaza eli, wenza umfelandawonye sicelo kwi abasemagunyeni kweli lizwe elingummelwane, ucinge ngephonografi Estridsenom. Magnus waqonda ukuba womanyano loo mntu akanako ukumelana, waza wacela ukuba akhe intsebenziswano ibamba kunye umalume wakhe. UHarald Stern wavuma.

Konyaka emva kokugqitywa sivumelwano, ngesiquphe Magnus wafa. UHarald Hardrada no Queen Elizabeth eNorway waba isibini yasebukhosini eli lizwe. Umlawuli entsha kuphela benza ekomelezeni uzinzo lwangaphakathi karhulumente. Yibone babenolwazi ngokubaluleka borhwebo inzuzo, kwaye ngo-1048 waseka kube lula ngabarhwebi Oslo ndawo. Kamva saba likomkhulu wonke Norway

Nangona kunjalo, i Vikings zange ngokwaneleyo. Magnus eziphantsi kunye Denmark, Noko ke, yena ezabiwa isithsaba sakhe ucinge ngephonografi Estridsenu. UHarald, waphupha wokuhlanganisa lonke imfazwe eScandinavia, libhengeze ngakummelwane wakhe. I Danes eyayingabachasi ezingenamsebenzi. Eve ukoyiswa eziliqela, kwaye baseNorway wade watshisa kwidolophu enkulu Hedeby. Ngowe-1062 Sven woyiswa ekulweni yomkhosi wamanzi wabaleka okuziintloni. Kodwa naphezu kwazo zonke inkqubela, uHarald akazange abe ngukumkani Denmark. Kuye uxabene njengoko abantu abaqhelekileyo kweli lizwe, yaye ukwazi oko. Eqonda ukuba ngamampunge amabango ayo, uHarald Hardrada waqukumbela Sven ihlabathi.

lonke igunya

UHarald walwa kungekuphela Denmark kodwa evela eSweden. Ngowe-1063 uvukelo lobuxoki ukumkani ngabafo wavula eNorway. umlawuli Swedish abaxhasa Zizi abavukeli. UHarald, nangona ayikwazanga isenokungaphumeleli eDenmark, thiki ukunika phezulu oko eyayilunge kuye. Kwakhona ngo-1063, waphula umkhosi manyano kunye abavukeli ye balwa kweli dabi Vänern.

Abathintela naziphi na iimpawu bamchasayo amandla akhe, Stern wayengekho shy kwimidiya yabonisa nenkohlakalo. Kwaba ngexesha Zizi bakhe Norwegian nakubemi abazizityebi okwesihlandlo sokuqala njengongaphantsi ngokupheleleyo umbuso. Bonke awuvumelani kangakanani nezi nkqubo kaKumkani, kubandakanywa iirhafu eziphezulu kunye yayiziimfazwe, bagxothwa kweli lizwe okanye anqunyulwe ebomini. Ngokusebenzisa yinye, uHarald Hardrada, wokugqibela Viking ukumkani, ulonwabele inkxaso ibandla lamaKristu.

Wemka ngomkhombe waya England

Ukuphumeza Ukuzinziswa e eNorway, ukumkani sichitha yonke imihla yakhe enoxolo. Kodwa Ndiphuphe elide oselula uHarald Hardrada? Imitshato ukumkani wamnika indlalifa, yaye ngoko ukungafihlisi kwi koqhubekeko ubukhosi. Nangona kunjalo, lo mlawuli sisasetyenziswayo luphawulwa ndinobukhwele zobutsha, ndandifuna Ukoyisa ezintsha nokwandisa igunya layo. Ngoko ke, xa iimeko wamvumela ukuba ndibhengeze bid lakhe igunya eBritani, akazange asilele ukuba basebenzise eli thuba.

Ngexesha ubomi owandulela uHarald itrone Norwegian, Magnus, waqukumbela isivumelwano ukumkani Harthacnut eziya kuhlala emva kokufa yindlalifa kwakhe. Ubunyani loo mvumelwano bungqinelwa mbali. Kunjalo, injalo le ngxoxo kufika uHarald e Albion, elikhokelayo enempi enkulu.

ukufa

King of England ngo1066 yaba Harold II Godwinson. Nguye mandiyibek Harold. konung Norwegian wacela inkxaso umzalwana ngehlazo of umdlali yakhe, Tostig Godwinson. disembarkation Viking esenzeka North eNgilani.

Lokuqala Battle of Fulford, kufuphi York, baseNorway woyisa ukudilika. Kodwa ke uloyiso lwalulolwexeshana. kwiintsuku ezintlanu emva (Septemba 25, ngo1066) uHarald Stern lahluleka ityumza yaye wabulawa kwi edabini emva kokuba abatoli emqaleni. ENgilani kwafika 300 Viking iinqanawa. Escape yaba 25 kuphela Umzimba ukumkani waza wabuyela ekhaya. Yena wangcwatyelwa Trondheim. Kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva koko, Harold II wahliswa Godwinson Olwa entsha etroneni eNgilani - Norman William koloyiso.