"Ubukumkani Dark" kwi "Ukuna" Ostrovsky kaThixo. Abameli "ebukumkanini emnyama"

Ubuchule A. N. Ostrovskogo umi nelaye lasisiseko idrama yethu yesizwe. Fonvizin, Griboyedov kunye Gogol waqalisa ukudalwa yokubonela enkulu Russian. Nokufika edlalwa Ostrovsky kaThixo, kunye nokugqama idrama yakhe italente kunye nobuchule luphakame indalo. Akumangalisi umhlalutyi Odoyevski waphawula ukuba Ostrovsky ngoncwadi Russian kuphela 3 yedrama: "Oaf", "Yeha evela Wit" yaye "Umhloli". Dlala "ayinamali" wabiza yesine, egxininisa ukuba lo lembombo lokugqibela angekhoyo apho aya zakhiwe iingangamsha "isakhiwo" ye yokubonela Russian.

Ukususela "ongenamali 'ukuya' Storm"

Ewe, ke comedy "nabantu bakhe - kwababaliweyo" (igama yesibini "ongenamali") uqala ithandwa ngokubanzi Aleksandra Nikolaevicha Ostrovskogo, umbhali, bemanyene ubuchule kunye wayekwazi ngokutsha izithethe kakuhle esikolweni 'yendalo' - yentlalo-engqondweni satirical. Ukuba 'Columbus Zamoskvorechye, "yena ngelo xesha kude ezinawo unknown ubomi Russian - imin kunye abarhwebi kunye noohlohlesakhe abangaphuhlanga, yabonisa ungubani kutyhilwa, njengoko abalinganiswa eqaqambileyo eyomeleleyo, ecacileyo lisibekele kabuhlungu ehlabathini ukuthenga nokuthengisa, uhanahaniso, ukungabikho neemvakalelo eliphezulu nezimvo . Oku kwenzeka ngo-1849. Kwaye umbhali yakhe umdlalo enkulu yokuqala icacisa bemchukumisa uhlobo olulodwa lomntu liya ungubani kuvela kwakhona kwaye kwakhona, ukusuka uSamson Silych Big Titus Titych Bruskova ukusuka 'Xa itheko ibhabhalaza wasemzini "uze emva koko Marfe Ignatevne Kabanovoy kunye Savely Prokopievich Wild "i-Storm" - uhlobo uzwilakhe ebizwa ngokuchanileyo kakhulu kwaye ngokucacileyo yaye wehla, Bulelani ekuchubekeni, kwintetho bethu bemihla ngemihla. Phantsi kolu didi zilungele kubantu abaphula imithetho ngokupheleleyo logic kunye yokuziphatha, imigaqo yokuziphatha ngokuhlalisana kwabantu. "Samodurov ubomi Russian" ogama umgxeki Dobrolyubov Wild kunye Kabaniha emele i "ubukumkani mnyama" kwi "Ukuna" Ostrovsky kaThixo.

Unya njenge into lwezentlalo typological

Makhe sihlolisise esi senzeko ngakumbi. Kutheni kukho oozwilakhe lomkho- eluntwini? Okokuqala ukususela ulwazi kwamandla izele kwaye elililo, sokulinganisa yayo epheleleyo iminqweno nezimvo zabanye kunokuba nowabo, bacinge ukuba abazi kunye nokungabikho uxhathiso kwi inxalenye yamaxhoba. Ngako oko kuboniswa kwaye "indawo emnyama" kwi Ostrovsky "Haze". Wildlife and Kabanova - abahlali izityebi kwidolophu encinane Kalinov, zibekwe elunxwemeni iVolga. Imali kwenza ukuba bazive ukubaluleka buqu kunye nokubaluleka. Bangasezwa amandla - phezu kwabendlu yayo, phezu engaqhelekanga, into ixhomekeke aba bantu, nangaphezulu - phezu uluvo loluntu esixekweni. "Ubukumkani Dark" kwi "Ukuna" Ostrovsky ukuba bayayoyika into yokuba utshabalalisa okanye mangles ukubonakalisa incinane loqhankqalazo, nayiphi na intsingiselo yenkululeko kunye nokuzimela. Unya - icala flip yobukhoboka. Ngokulinganayo, ukuba owonakaliswayo kokubini "iinkosi yobomi", kunye nabo baxhomekeke kubo, etheni umoya amanyala abo kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi kawonke eRashiya. Kungenxa yoko le nto, ngokwenkcazelo Dobrolyubova "ubukumkani mnyama" kwi "Ukuna" Ostrovsky yaye nelithi nguzwilakhe.

ingxabano idrama

Njengoko ukuqonda nzulu ezikhona, umbhali wakwazi ziveza kakhulu nebalulekileyo kuyo. Kwi-pre-guqula 1859 yena phantsi umbono luhambo ecaleni iVolga ngo-1856-1857. kudala umdlalo, kamva waqonda enye imisebenzi yakhe emihle - umdlalo "lidume". Yintoni umdla: nje inyanga emva kokuba umdlalo waphela, iziganeko Kostroma kwenzeka njengoko imeko ivelise kwakhona ngokuqhatha i-umsebenzi wokubhala. Kuthetha ntoni oku? Nje ndiziva njani kwaye ndiyaqonda Alexander ungquzulwano kunye nendlela ibonakalisa "ubukumkani mnyama" kulo mdlalo "lidume".

Ostrovsky akulolize ungquzulwano engundoqo wakhetha ntswela ibalulekileyo ebomini Russian - ingxabano phakathi umgaqo endala, ngokusekelwe kwizithethe ngamadoda wabumba ukutyhubela iinkulungwane kwaye zisekelwe phezu okunjalo igunya, isimilo, kunye nezithinteli kwelinye icala, kunye kwelinye - ekuqaleni kwabaneenkani, ubugcisa kunye liphila , imfuno ngamnye ukwaphula iingcinga, ukuya phambili kuphuhliso ngokomoya. Ngenxa nje zasendle kunye Kabaniha Ziqulethe "ubukumkani mnyama" kulo mdlalo "lidume". Ostrovsky yenza kucace ukuba incinane ustupnichestvo kuye connivance kunye acquiescence lunikezelwa ngokuzenzekelayo isikhundla ababehamba zabantu.

Ifilosofi "ubukumkani emnyama"

Ukususela imigca yokuqala umdlalo ngokwasengqondweni zethu baziphalaza iinkalo ezimbini: isithuba simahla iVolga, ezikude emangalisayo, imimango ebanzi ulophu, umoya okubi eqinileyo, ukulindela kubuhlungu ezinye uyothuka kwaye banxanelwe sokuhlaziya. Abameli "ubukumkani mnyama" kwi "Storm" umdlalo eyênziwa cataclysms yendalo, ngokuba babe sisibonakaliso ingqumbo kaThixo isohlwayo elizayo ngenxa yezono - amanyala kunye ngengqondo. Oku uphinda lonke ixesha Marfa, ntlokoma kunye Wildlife. On isicelo Kuligina ukunikela imali kulwakhiwo intonga ngumbane kuba abemi kuyo utyhola: "Ukuna de anikwe njenge isohlwayo, yaye nani, njalo-bani, uYehova ufuna wokhuselo yesithandathu." Le Amazwi ibonisa ngokucacileyo bulumko enamathela abameli "ubukumkani mnyama" kwi "Storm" umdlalo: awukwazi ukumelana ezazikho kangangeenkulungwane, andingekhe nxamnye nentando okanye isohlwayo esivela phezulu, sithobekile ukuhlala ethical ixesha lethu. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba ngokwabo oozwilakhe abaziintloko encinane Kalinov kuphela bakholelwa kule ukuze yezinto, kodwa ukuyibona ekunene kuphela.

Prude phantsi ebe zobuhle

"Ubukumkani Dark" kulo mdlalo ngu A. uN Ostrovskogo "I-Storm" kuba abaninzi kabini. Kodwa ke iintsika kwindawo yokuqala wasendle, kunye Kabanov. Marfa, umfazi umrhwebi portly kaThixo, wayengumnikazi ndlu, emva kocingo olude yi iinyembezi ezingabonakaliyo eyothi kwenzeka nokuthotywa bemihla nesidima somntu kunye nenkululeko yokuzikhethela, ebizwa kulo mdlalo ngokucacileyo - a prude. Ngaye nithi: "mfama kwahlulelana nothando, yiya ecaweni, wabhaptizwa ngokunyanisekileyo yaye zasekhaya badle ukudla, ibumba ngathi irusi yentsimbi." imithetho yangaphandle lidala izama ukugcina yonke, ngoxa ingakumbi ukuthetha umxholo zabo ngaphakathi. Kabaniha uyazi ukuba omncinane kufuneka bathobele lo mdala ngokuthobela ngeenxa eyimfama. Xa hlukana, Catherine Tikhon phambi ngokumka kwakhe, yena wenza isaphetha ezinyaweni indoda kunye nonyana wakhe - to imiyalelo yakhe engqongqo umfazi ukuba baziphathe. Apho "uMama akafuni uphikise" yaye "Musa ukukhangela kwi guys 'kunye nabanye abaninzi abafuna." Kwaye bonke abo lakalokunje bayazi kakuhle imeko farcical, falsity yayo. Marfa kuphela iindywala kulo msebenzi wayo. A indima ebaluleke kakhulu nentlekele UKaterina kwakhona idlalwe babenobuzwe uhlobo unyana wakhe, zonakalise ubomi bakhe bentsapho, umphefumlo kakhulu bhuti kwaye kwanyanzeleka UCatherine ukwenza inyathelo sibi ukusuka elunxwemeni iVolga kungena enzonzobileni.

Siyifumana isikhundla umthetho

"Ubukumkani Dark" kule drama A. N. Ostrovskogo "Ukuna" - nguzwilakhe encotsheni obubonakala. UKaterina, ukuthelekisa ubomi nentsapho yakhe kunye nosapho nomyeni wakhe, uyazibona kukho umahluko obalulekileyo: apha konke kubonakala "aphume ebukhobokeni." Kwaye yinyaniso. Kuphakathi uthobela imithetho ngokungenabuntu yomdlalo, okanye ukucima ngumgubo. Kuligin ngokucacileyo ithi ukuba indlela ngo "kukukhohlakala." Ngubani na sisityebi, yena uzama amakhoboka isisweli, ukuba andise iipeni zabo karhulumente. Le Swagger efanayo Wild angaxhomekeki phezu kwakhe, Boris: "Ngaba nawe endikuthandayo, ngoko ndiya kumnika ilifa!" Kodwa nceda esasibizwa encinane akunakwenzeka, kwaye bayahlelwa lilishwa Boris kunye nodade wayo kwangaphambili. uzawuhlala Bona kuthotywa kakubi, ndingenamandla kwaye bengakhuselekanga. Ingaba ikhona indlela yokuphuma? Ngaba: amanga, sitsiba, kangangoko kunokwenzeka. wenza ke lo dade Tikhon - Varvara. Its imigaqo yokuziphatha ilula: ukwenza into oyifunayo, logama nje kungekho namnye waqaphela, bonke "athungwe tu ngoko" lowo. Xa UKaterina izinto ezingenako dissemble, ongenakuxoka, uBarbara uthi kuye nje: "Andazi njani, kodwa kufuneka ube - wafunda!"

Olugobileyo lokuvala, uBarbara nabanye

Kwaye bamele ngokubanzi amaxhoba "ubukumkani emnyama" yi A. uN Ostrovskogo drama "lidume"? Aba bantu kunye ezaphukileyo, imiphefumlo usisiqhwala, ihlabathi engenakulungiswa yokuziphatha. I Tikhon okufanayo uhlobo ngemvelo, indoda nokuthantamisa. Umama umbusi wambulala kuye iziqalelo lokuthanda kwakhe. Yena akanako ukuxhathisa ingcinezelo yakhe, naso, yaye ufumana intuthuzelo eselwayo. Ukuxhasa umfazi, bafumane ecaleni kwakhe, ukuze udonga lokuzikhusela engenasizathu Kabanovskiy ngaphaya kwakhe, naye. Kuphenjelelwa unina wakhe, yena luphinde ludubuleke noKatherine, nangona uzisole. ukufa umfazi wakhe kuphela kumenza ityala ekuhleni unina, kodwa kucacile ukuba ngokukhawuleza kakhulu fuse uya kudlula kwaye yonke into iya kuhlala injalo.

Kuyenye into enye uphawu oyindoda - Vanya Kudryash. Ukuba amazwi akhe aluqhubi lisanyuka, bonke ukulwa umva kwaye nkqu "shrill" Wild wenza uburhabaxa alithe. Nangona kunjalo, lo mlinganiswa ibhuqiwe nokubulala Impembelelo "ubukumkani emnyama". Olugobileyo lokuvala - ikopi Wild, kodwa akukabikho wangena force, hayi zamaterevshego. Njengoko ixesha lihamba, uya kuba ufanelwe enkosini yakhe. UBarbara, waba lixoki kwaye ukulunyamezela ukuhlukunyezwa unina, ekugqibeleni ubaleka kude nekhaya. Ubuxoki zibe yintonga yakhe yesibini, ngoko ke Heroine ebangela ubani Silusizi nemfesane. Oneentloni Kuligin ayifane onobuganga azithethelele phambi oozwilakhe uyeyisa "ubukumkani emnyama". Enyanisweni, akukho namnye ngaphandle Catherine, kakhulu, ngasendleleni, ixhoba alinayo yokuqaqadeka eyaneleyo ukuze le "ubukumkani" mngeni.

Kutheni Catherine?

Le hero kuphela bomsebenzi, omnye ufumana ukuzimisela yokuziphatha ukuze aligwebe ubomi kunye nezithethe "ubukumkani mnyama" kulo mdlalo A. N. Ostrovskogo "Ukuna" yi UKaterina. bayancokola kuyo, ukunyaniseka, impulsiveness eshushu, waphefumlela ayivumelekanga ukuba up with ubundlobongela kunye nobundlobongela, yamkela amaxesha bizela ukususela yokuziphatha domostroevskih. Katherine ufuna ukuba umthande, ukonwabela ubomi, namava iimvakalelo zendalo, akhangele ihlabathi. Njengentaka, ufuna ukufumana ngaphandle emhlabeni, ukususela nokubulala wobomi kuqhwithela phezulu esibhakabhakeni. Yena ezenkolo, kodwa hayi kwi Kabanovskiy. sayo kuqonde esophula kubini ungquzulwano phakathi komsebenzi kwindoda yakhe, uthando Boris kunye nolwazi nesono sabo phambi koThixo. Kwaye konke oku ngokunyanisekileyo kakhulu, Ezinzulwini zentliziyo. Ewe, Katherine naye lixhoba "ubukumkani emnyama". Noko ke, wakwazi ukwaphula nasentanjeni bakhe. Izanyazanyiswa iziseko ubudala ubudala. Kwaye ndaye ndakwazi ukucacisa imveliso kwezinye - ukufa kwakhe kuphela, kodwa uqhankqalazo konke konke.