Triumvirate - ezitshatileyo ezintathu. triumvirate First kunye namalungu ayo

Triumvirate - igama eliqhelekileyo ngenxa kwisivumelwano amaqela amathathu, ejoliswe ekufezekiseni le njongo. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwale fomu yesivumelwano evela kwabanye? Apho zivela khona?

eRoma yamandulo

Idatha kwi triumvirate wokuqala kwanawezayo kuthi, evela ubomi abalawuli baseRoma. Le triumvirate wokuqala ezintathu banempembelelo awayephila. UKesare, Crassus kunye UPompey - Abenzi bemeko- le triumvirate yokuqala, abathathi-nxaxheba bayo ngqo kunye inspirers.

Xa kwakukho triumvirate?

Esi siganeko malunga kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomthetho-mbali badla kukhalwa 60 BC. e, kodwa abanye ababhali bamandulo, phakathi kwabo -. Plutarch, Livy, Dio Cassius, bakholelwa ukuba isivumelwano eso ulungiselelwa kudala ngaphambi konyulo zikaKesare le consulship. Kungenzeka, ingcamango imanyano emithathu weza ekuqaleni 60 BC, yaye olwandulela Ekuveleni 59, esi sivumelwano sele ukulungiselela.

Kutheni kukho triumvirate?

Esi sivumelwano lilawulwe yi kuqondana iinjongo-nxaxheba. UPompey zavuma ukuba zithathe inxaxheba kule triumvirate of conservatism ngokukhawuleza weNdlu yeeNgwevu, nto leyo ke kuzwa iingcamango ezintsha kunyathelwa nokuba wedwa eqhelekileyo. Crassus wajoyina isivumelwano ngenxa ukuma abakhweli. Ngenxa umahluko abakhweli emfono (ngophakathi wemali ka eRoma) phantse elaqhekeka yeeNgwevu awaba nako alwele ukuba iimfuno zabo kurhulumente. triumvirate AmaRoma ukunceda ukuzisa emva basebukhosini imali ungunyana wabanumzana yinto yesibini kuphela yeeNgwevu, ilungelo lokuba izithakazelo yayo.

Umququzeleli kunye inkokeli sikweni le triumvirate waba uKesare. Abanye ababhali-mbali abathi noJulia umnqweno esisuka ukuba abe ngumlawuli kuphela eRoma babanga ukuba wadala triumvirate - njengenyathelo ekufezekiseni le njongo. Kodwa izizathu kakhulu zokukholelwa ukuba kuKesare sele ukuqanduselwa isicwangciso, isibindi, wayengekho. Mhlawumbi iseti ezifanelekileyo iimeko kunye spodvignulo Caesar kwi mdibi d'AFP, kodwa ngoxa ngokuzamana nayo into engenakwenzeka: ukuba ndizinyathele abachasi kwaye lifuna iNdlu Yeengwevu nomthetho kwezolimo.

Ngokuchasene komdibaniso bathathu abo babethunyiwe?

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ezi bathathu bahlanganisene, kwakufuneka isethi ezizodwa iimeko. Kulo mzekelo, unobangela ukuhlangabezana abantu abathathu ezahlukeneyo waba lutshaba efanayo - iNdlu Yeengwevu. Wonke sambona njengoko umqobo ukuba zibe izicwangciso zabo. A ezingundoqo kuthetha ukufikelela ulangazelelo zabo zomthathi-nxaxheba ngamnye abe umzimba lolawulo enye kuphela - le triumvirate. BC kwekhulu Rome yee-1. e. ediniwe ngokwalo njengendlela republic, kwaye ukudalwa izivumelwano zontathu sabulawa yalitshintsha kwimbali yeli karhulumente.

qala isenzo

Ekuqaleni '59 BC. e. zombini consuls - Bibulus and Caesar, wathabatha izikhundla ezintsha. Nangona Bibulus wayesaziwa yaye ehlonelwa leNdlu yeeNgwevu, patrician, ilungu esisigxina yebhunga karhulumente i - wayebonakala kuba amandla uqhuba. UKesare, njengokuba wonke wacinga, waba isithunzi kuphela Bibulus. Kodwa Caesar wayenawo izicwangciso zazo koonozakuzaku. Lowo weza kwezopolitiko ukusombulula lo mbuzo kwezolimo, yaye ngenxa eziqokelela abantu abanazo naphi na apho kunokwenzeka.

imithetho kwezolimo NgokaKesare

Nangona lo mthetho ezindilisekileyo kakhulu kwezolimo, ukuba ngqwabalala kakhulu ipasisiwe yeeNgwevu, kwaye nkqu zingeniswe ngexesha lokuqala ngokutsha. YeeNgwevu zibangele ingcwangu ukuba umthetho ilizwe waqalisa ke unozakuzaku, hayi sihlwele - nto ingenzeka ephula yenkqubo. Kodwa Caesar akazange anikezele. Kuba iprojekthi umbani wavelisa ukupapashwa okugunyazisiweyo iingxelo iintlanganiso weNdlu yeeNgwevu, ukuze wonke umntu akwazi ukufumana siqhelane iinkcukacha zale ngxoxo. Caesar kufuna ukuba ndibhenele ebantwini. Iilinki iimpawu ezingalunganga, leyo ndihlanjwe Bibulus akazange ukunceda - Caesar wamisela intlanganiso, waziqhekeza ukungawi Bibulus kunye yaseCato, kwaye kwadluliselwa nomthetho wakhe kwezolimo yivoti yesininzi.

sibona triumvirate

Emzabalazweni eyathi yabhuqa ngeenxa zokwamkelwa komthetho kwezolimo, a umfelandawonye ngokufihlakeleyo kuvezwe. Crassus and uPompey ayexhasa ukwamkelwa umthetho, waza waphumelela phezu abaxhasi babo, nkqu UPompey umnwe ukusebenzisa izixhobo. ligqithise umthetho, UPompey akomelela indawo yayo, kunye Caesar wasondela kwicala yakhe iintsapho ngaphezu amabini amawaka, phantsi komthetho omtsha ukunika emasimini abo. Ukongeza, Caesar wanceda ukuze kulungelelaniselwane iNdlu Yeengwevu uzicikida imiyalelo eyanikwa uPompey eMpuma, ngaphezu negunya evunyiweyo ally yayo phakathi kwabantu ezifana-nye.

Emva impumelelo sikaKesare ndakwazi ukuqalisa ezinye eyilwayo ezibini ezinxulumene abaxhasi bakhe abasenyongweni. Ngomhla wokuqala uPtolemy Avlet - umhlobo osenyongweni UPompey, yena edunyiswa "umhlobo abantu baseRoma." Kuba Luzuko Avlet ezityikitywe 6,000 eetalente zegolide, ezo yahlulwe ngokufanelekileyo phakathi triumvirate. Caesar iye uzalisekise izibophelelo zalo kunye nezinye ally wayo - Crassus, leyo wakhuthaza ukwenziwa ngenkani-amafama irhafu. Ngokutsho komthetho yesibini elinabakhweli ye- nokuhlawula sesithathu mali anda kakhulu ukuthandwa kaKesare phakathi abakhweli, abaninzi egqalwa 'amandla uqhuba baseRoma. "

Ukunyaniseka kuyeyona ndlela iphumelelayo

Le thempleyithi yenzelwe ibinzana ilungileyo ligxininisa ngamandla ukuba sele kudala zange kunye ezintathu Aba efanayo nabanye abantu ngamnye. Caesar ugcwalise zonke izibophelelo wabeka phambi kwakhe triumvirate. Oko kwanceda afumane popularity and okuninzi sabaxhasi. Ukuthatha ukukhathalela abanye, Kesare waqhubeka ukuphumeza izicwangciso zabo, kwaye benza njalo ngempumelelo kakhulu. Kodwa elo lelinye ibali.