Thymus ndlala - central igunya immunogenesis

amalungu Ezingokuqandusela - kuba amadlala yonyango ngaphandle imibhobho excretory, eyona ibaluleke ngakumbi kuzo zezi: ingaba pineal, adrenal, posa, namadlala parathyroid, kwakunye ngesondo nepancreas. Ukongeza, kukho yentsimbi, edibanisa ukuyilwa hormone kunye neminye imisebenzi non yonyango, ezi ziquka le ngxenye, zepancreas, amaqanda, beendawo kunye thymus. Kwakhona, ukongeza kwinkqubo yonyango, ukukwazi hormone egazini, kunye namanye amalungu zezi: kwamadlala amathe, lacunar nobubovu, izintso, isibindi, isisu kwakunye namathumbu.

Thymus, ezikwabizwa ngokuba thymus okanye thymus, nguye inqununu umbutho immunogenesis. umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukulawula ukusekwa kunye nokusebenza yamajoni omzimba. Kulapha ukuba inguqu iiseli stem hematopoietic kwi T-lymphocyte.

Le ndlala thymus ibekwe emva kwentamo esifubeni eliphezulu, ngaphezu esiqhumeni nemithambo kwentliziyo. It has isithinzi edidekile yezi ezimbini, ezihlawulelwayo capsule obhityileyo nokuqina kwaye ibandakanya into cortical kunye nedumbe lengqondo. Izabelo ingaba thymus yahlukile ngobukhulu, kukho iimeko xa intsimbi waba share eliphakathi. Ngelaphu ndlala iquka epitelioretikulotsitov mnogootrostchatyh ezenza uthungelwano ezintathu ntathu kunye lymphocyte kwenzeka ephambuka.

Ukubeka thymus kwenzeka ngomhla kwinyanga yesibini yokukhulelwa, yaye ukuzalwa kwalo nobubovu abe ubungakanani ubuninzi ngokunxulumene kummandla lilonke wobuso yomzimba womntu. Njengoko bekhula le ratio liyancipha kunye ubudala kwaye atrophied phantse ngokupheleleyo, zonke izicwili yayo ezisebenzayo ithathwa yi okunamafutha kwithishyu. imithambo ezininzi efunyanwe ukusuka imithambo lengqula lwangaphakathi thoracic kunye ophantsi, leyo nikeza igazi le ndlala thymus. flow umthambo yalo engaphakathi ubambo kunye brachiocephalic umthambo, innervation onovelwano wathwala amasetyana kunye luvo vagus.

Eyona ndlela inokuthenjwa kwaye ulwazi diagnostic ziquka ngumzimba kunye nophando cytological, ngokunjalo iindlela X-ray.

Kwimeko yokuba thymus yi malformations ezifana aplasia kunye hypoplasia, kukho zizinto ze immunodeficiency lokuqala, nto leyo sikhatshwa iimpawu a inhibition kabukhali amajoni omzimba, kunye nezifo nezolo kwesisu kwiintetho ezikralayo, kwaye isiqwenga sokuphefumla. La zidla kakhulu unobangela wokufa kwizigulane. Ngoko ke, ukuba kwiintsana abaselula, isifo nezolo kwesisu kwiintetho ezikralayo, kwaye isiqwenga sokuphefumla kufuneka nakanjani kufundwa thymus ezisebenzayo ukuthintela ukwanda thymus kwidlala ebantwaneni. Uxilongo zoku kunyuka kunokwenzeka kuphela ngoncedo izifundo X-ray. Ngumqondiso ophambili zeradiyoloji lobukho ukwandisa thymus yi ekufumanekeni luphawu esithile, ekuthiwa columnar okanye ngentliziyo entle, xa ithunzi liya kwandisa ubungakanani ingaba thymus zidibana kunye ngomthunzi yentliziyo, ukudala umfanekiso engaqhelekanga le izithunzi.

Iimpawu eziphambili esinobubovu thymus zezi: ukwanda uninzi kwiindawo nkovu, tonsils, adenoids, thymus, ukungaqheleki zophuhliso (dislocation womlenze, syndactyly, Ithemba), hypotension, isikhumba nezemarmore, ukuphazamiseka intliziyo isingqisho, hyperhidrosis, ukutyeba.

Unyango kweemeko ezibangelwa kwekhono le ingaba thymus, ngaba ukususwa kwaso (thymectomy), dietetics kunye unyango, iziyobisi corticosteroid. Ukuba hyperplasia ekhoyo thymic iye kungafuneki kubonakaliswa kwezonyango yezonyango yokungenelela asebenzayo.