St. Petersburg imbali ngokufutshane. Imbali ye-Saint-Petersburg

Saint Petersburg - enye zixeko zihle eYurophu, kufanele ngokuba emNtla Palmyra. Unakho ukubhala imiqulu yonke, okuxelela indlela ukudala le nhloko yesibini karhulumente. Akukho umdla kangako ke imbali lonke St. Petersburg. Ngokufutshane sizama kukuqonda oko.

impi enkulu Northern

Imfazwe Swedish uKumkani endleni XII, kamva wafumana igama North, ngokutsho uPetros kwafuneka ukuvula ukufikelela IsiRashiya ukuya kuLwandle eBaltic, yaye ngenxa yoko, "ukuvula i window eYurophu", nto leyo wayezimisele ukuba wenze ukumkani-wenguquko.

Xa ezininzi ngokuphumelela enkulu urhwebe ntoni ngeli phulo ithuba elide, nto leyo sekratshi baseRashiya: Narva, Shlisselburg kwaye, kakade, Poltava. Ekugqibeleni, uPetros wakwazi ukuba aphumelele uloyiso lokugqibela kwimfazwe e 1721 kwaye ukuphumeza ukurhoxiswa Russia ukuya kuLwandle lweBaltic.

Njengoko ezi ziganeko enxulumene kwimbali nokudalwa St. Petersburg? Ngokufutshane malunga oku kuza kuxutyushwa ngakumbi.

Izicwangciso zokwakha kwikomkhulu entsha

Tsar Peter I ukuqonda ukuba iRussia kufuneka utshintsho esisiseko, phantse kuzo zonke iindawo ukusuka kulawulo kubuxhakaxhaka bokuvelisa. Kodwa akaba nako ukuqonda yaye lingqongwe yi-izinduna nendlu yabo endala, eMoscow, uya kukwazi ukwaphula ngemixokelelwane iziseko ubudala. Ngoko ke, nkqu ekuqalekeni kobukumkani bakhe ukuba ingcamango ukwakha isixeko esitsha capital, apho kuya kufuneka ukulawula na ubukumkani Russian, kunye uBukhosi Russian.

Kamva, uPetros waya Holland baza kuxhotyiswa kunye nenkcubeko yaseYurophu, ngoko, wayenqwenela ukuba ikomkhulu lakhe elitsha nje imida esentshona karhulumente.

Ngowe-1703 uPetros ndakwazi ukulwa isiziba i Russian yamandulo zwe awayephantsi balwa. Ngexesha eli lizwe wabizwa sele ngendlela isiJamani - Ingria.

Kulapha ukuba uPetros wagqiba ukwakha ikomkhulu lakhe elitsha. Yaqala phantsi ke into imbali kunyaka-anamathathu aza kukhululwa ngokumiselwa ekusekweni St Petersburg. Ngokufutshane ngale kamva.

Igama emzini

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, Peter I ebutsheni bakhe waya Holland, apho ngobuchule bafunda ukwakha iinqanawa, bafunda ulwimi lwasekuhlaleni kunye, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, kuxhotyiswa inkcubeko yaseYurophu. Yena gqitha eYurophu ukuze eRashiya zonke bazama amalungiselelo ngendlela European, ukungenisa imithetho emitsha banyazelisa izinduna ucheba iindevu. Akumangalisi ke, njengoko ikomkhulu lakhe elitsha, wazama ukwenza efanayo Amsterdam - isixeko commercial Dutch.

Le dolophu ogama lakhe behlonipha umxhasi ongcwele ukumkani - uMpostile uPetros. Ngokuqhelekileyo, igama wamnika ikomkhulu lakhe isimbo Dutch - St Peter-Burj. Ke eli gama liye onxulumene kwimbali St. Petersburg de kwangowe-1914. Chaza ukuba kwenzeke ntoni kwaye kutheni igama utshintshile, uya kufunda kancinane emva koko.

Sokuqala of St. Petersburg

sele kudlule iminyaka elishumi ukususela kungekabekwa ilitye yokuqala nqaba, ogama eSt Peter-Burj, ngo-1704 yaye de 1717, xa nqaba ibuye ibe isixeko yokwenene ngokupheleleyo-enobugcisa. Ngeli xesha, ukwakhiwa lwaqhutywa kakhulu abantu abaqhelekileyo besebenza. Wathabatha inxaxheba kolu lwakhiwo kunye uPetros esotha, ngokuba kwaba sekunjalo: ulutsha, wajoyina umsebenzi ngezembe, esiza ekwakheni iinqanawa ukuba ubuciko bayo, kamva waba inokundoyisa.

Ngelo xesha, umzi landa, yaye uPetros amanqaku uloyiso omnye emva komnye, yaye imfazwe, kwisakhiwo. Kodwa pearl yakhe ngempela kanye St. Petersburg. Imbali mzi uya kusityela ngokufutshane.

Likomkhulu bukhosi

Ngenxa yoko, St. Petersburg ikhule ukusuka yokubonisela encinane esixekweni, ofaneleyo ngokwenene ukuba elikomkhulu bukhosi. Ngowe-1712 ukudluliswa ngokusesikweni dolophu, yaveliswa. EMoscow waqala kancinci ukuya eSt Petersburg arhente zikarhulumente ezahlukahlukeneyo, akwamanye amazwe kunye kwinkundla yakomkhulu.

Ngenye imini, ngowe-1717, xa imisebenzi yokwakha zigqitywe ngo zizonke, kuba umhombiso kweengqukuva ivela iinkosi ngokwenene ubugcisa babo, wamenywa, Kakade, evela eYurophu. St. Petersburg zonke mahle. Ngowe-1725 kwavulwa khona Academy of Sciences, awayenzayo isixeko kuphela urhulumente kodwa ikomkhulu yenkcubeko bukhosi.

Emva kokufa Peter I St. Petersburg andijiki ukuphuhlisa njengeziko ihlabathi, eclipsing ubuhle imizi yayo ezininzi eYurophu. Yaye akumangalisi, kuba abakuloo mzi ukwenza abakroli ezinkulu ezifana kunye nabayili bezakhiwo, njengoko Rastrelli, Bazhenov, Velten kunye nezinye buchopho ezininzi ehlabathini lonke.

Kwinkulungwane XIX isixeko unyawo lonke uzuko lwayo. Kodwa ke oku akuthethi ukuba uyeke imbali St Petersburg. Chaza oko kwenzekayo emva koko, iya kuba ibali elandelayo.

Petrograd: ukulahlekelwa bukhosi

Ngowe-1914 leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Empire Russian ne eNgilani France kunye ekulweni eJamani Austria-iHungary. Ngomhla iliza kukuthanda yaba umbuzo ukuba kutheni igama eyinkunzi Russian awasiwisayo ngendlela German. Ngoko kwagqitywa ukuthiya ngokutsha eSt Petersburg ukuya Petrograd.

Kodwa ke igama elitsha zange unamathele ixesha elide. Ngo-1917 kwakukho i-Oktobha Revolution, abatshabalalisa uBukhosi Russian. On amanxuwa ayo urhulumente omtsha, eSoviet Union. Ngenxa kufutshane ngaphambili, urhulumente waseSoviet Boyika ukuba eSt Petersburg, ngoko ngowe-1918 kwagqitywa ukuba ikomkhulu abuyele eMoscow.

Kodwa ke oko akuthethi iphele imbali St Petersburg. Ngokufutshane indlela kwakhona lo mzi kwakhona, uza kufunda ngakumbi.

Leningrad ne St Petersburg kwakhona

Ngowe-1924, esi sixeko enye zokuthiywa ngokutsha. Kwakunxibelelene ngexesha elinye kunye nokufa uLenin kaThixo, umnqweno yenkokheli eSoviet ukuba ziyaluthundeza inkumbulo yakhe, kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo jikelele ukuthiya ngokutsha izixeko, ethwele amagama yasebukhosini. Ngoko Petrograd labizwa iLeningrad. A nxi efanayo ilindelwe Aleksandrovsk, Ekaterinograd, Ekaterinburg, Ekaterinodar kunye nezinye izixeko abathwele amagama Romanovs.

Ngeli xesha eSoviet isixeko ezilahlekileyo iwonga eyinkunzi, kodwa wahlala zokuhlala yesibini ngobukhulu kwaye ubalulekileyo USSR. It sazivelela bokwakha isimbo yiSoviet, amaziko enkcubeko kuvulwa, ukwakhiwa iindawo ezintsha zokuhlala eziphakamileyo.

Nangona eLeningrad wayesazi kunye neminyaka ekrakra. Ingakumbi ukufa kabuhlungu yabemi balo mzi iye yaphuhliswa ngexesha zokungqinga ka-1941-1944.

Ekugqibeleni, ngo-1991 i-eSoviet Union iwa. Oku kuye kwavula ukuba siphinde nokuthiywa ngokutsha lizwe. Kodwa ke eli xesha, i "top" akukho mntu ebekwe ngayo, njengoko kufuneka ngokuba sisixeko. Igama abemi bacelwa ukuba bakhethe ngokwabo. Yaye zimvo ngaphezu kwama-50% of iLeningrad wagqiba kwelokuba abuyele igama lokuqala laloo mzi - eSt Petersburg. Izigaba thina ngokufutshane kuhlawulwa kolu phononongo. Kodwa ke into ebalulekileyo kukuba umzi gqolo ukuhlala kuyo bazalwa abantu abatsha, izakhiwo zakhiwa, izibonelelo osenziwayo.