Imbali Azerbaijan ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku

Azerbaijan - ilizwe emzantsi-mpuma eCaucasus. iziganeko ezibalulekileyo ezininzi umdla eyenzekayo kula mazwe. Yayisithi ke into eninzi kuwo, singakwazi ukubalisa ibali. Azerbaijan iya kuvela ngokwembono nembali, ebonisa izinto ezifihlakeleyo elidlulileyo yakhe.

indawo Azerbaijan

The Republic of Azerbaijan ise kwimpuma yaseMzantsi neAsia. Ukususela umda ngentla Azerbaijan abe umfowunelwa kunye Russian Federation. Xa kumazantsi eli imida yelizwe ne Iran ukuya ngasentshona - kunye eArmenia, ekumntla - kunye Georgia. Ukususela empumalanga ilizwe uhlanjiweyo ngamaza yoLwandle lweCaspian.

Grounds Azerbaijan kakhulu zimelwe ngokulinganayo leentaba namathafa. Le nyaniso wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso zembali kweli lizwe.

amaxesha bakudala

Okokuqala bafunda maxesha amandulo, apho esivumela ukuba bakhangele ibali. Azerbaijan iye umiwe ukususela ekuqaleni uluntu. Ngoko ke, lo lesikhumbuzo kakhulu of Neanderthal ukuhlala kweli lizwe lisukela emva kwiminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi 1.5 eyadlulayo.

Iziza ibaluleke abantu bamandulo ezifumaneka Azikh kunye Tağlar Irholo.

Azerbaijan yamandulo

Urhulumente yokuqala, apho ibekwe phezu kummandla Azerbaijan waba Manna. iziko kwayo ibekwe ngaphakathi kwemida mihla Iranian Azerbaijan.

Igama "Azerbaijan" evela igama Atropates - irhuluneli, abaqala alawule yimana emva kokoyiswa kwayo wasePersi. Imbeko kuye lonke ilizwe kuthiwa Midia Atropatena ukuba kamva morphed kulo igama "Azerbaijan".

Omnye abantu bokuqala abahlala Azerbaijan, Albania. Eli qela uhlanga yosapho Nakh-Dagestani kweelwimi kufana Lezghins close mihla. Ngo I amawaka. BC kuye kwavela baseAlbania imeko yabo. Ngokungafaniyo Manna, ukuba ibekwe entla lizwe. AbaseAfrika Albania bajikelezwe amabhongo karhataka yamandulo eRoma, Byzantium, eParti ne Iran. Ezinye ixesha kwiindawo ezininzi zeli lizwe yakwazi ukomeleza i-Armenian uKumkani Tigran II.

Le IV c. n. e. indawo isiAlbania, leyo kwada ngoko yayisonganyelwa unqulo zasekuhlaleni kunye wabhala, ubuKristu weza evela Armenia.

Le ukoyisa Arab

In a VII. n. e. isiganeko kwenzeka, nto leyo wadlala indima egwebayo kwimbali mmandla. Sithetha malunga ukoyisa Arabhu. Ekuqaleni, lo Arabhu yaboyisa ubukumkani Iranian, ukusuka apho Albania yaba ekhonza, uze emva koko yahlasela Azerbaijan ngokwayo. Emva kokuba Arabhu boyisa lizwe, wenze umjikelo omtsha imbali yayo. ngoku Azerbaijan iye ngonaphakade ezingenakwahlulwa ne-Islam. Arabhu, kuquka ezo Caliphate waqalisa ukwenza umgaqo-nkqubo eyondeleleneyo Islamization zommandla yaye ngokukhawuleza ukuphumeza iinjongo zabo. iidolophu Southern of Azerbaijan becala wenziwa Islamization, kwaye ke le nkolo entsha eyangena emaphandleni kunye ukuya kwelingasentla apho lizwe.

Kodwa akunjalo lula phinda kulawulo Arab emzantsi-mpuma eCaucasus. Unyaka 816 Azerbaijan waqalisa wombhodamo xandzukela Arabhu and Islam. Phila intshukumo othandwayo Babak, ngubani ngqo unqulo mandulo beli hlelo. Inkxaso iphambili mvukelo baba amagcisa kunye nabalimi. Iminyaka engaphezu kwama-mabini, abantu ikhokelwa Babak walwa kunye nabasemagunyeni Arabhu. Le bavukeli Akwazi ukuba amgxothe iinkampu Arab ukusuka kummandla Azerbaijan. Ukucinezela imvukelo, i Caliphate kwafuneka ukudibanisa imikhosi yazo.

State Shirvanshahs

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba qhankqalazo nakhandiweyo, i Caliphate buthathaka nyaka ngamnye. Yena zaphelelwa amandla, njengokuba ngaphambili, ukulawula iindawo ezahlukeneyo mbuso omkhulu.

Kwabalawuli inxalenye esemntla Azerbaijan (Shirvan), ukususela kwiminyaka 861, waziwa ngokuba Shirvanshahs nokudlulisa igunya labo ilifa. Ngegama ilawulwe umbusi, kodwa eneneni abalawuli ezizimeleyo ngokupheleleyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, nkqu ukuxhomekeka nominal shwaka.

Shirvanshakhs kwesihloko ekuqaleni Shamakhi, Baku uze. Urhulumente waze 1538, xa yafakwa kwi-Persian Safavid karhulumente.

Ngelo xesha kwi kumazantsi eli lizwe kwakukho khosi ezilandelelanayo Sajids karhulumente, Salaris, Shaddadis, Ravvadids, nayo mhlawumbi angagqali amandla Caliphate konke konke, okanye wenza ngokusemthethweni kuphela.

Turkization Azerbaijan

Akukho kangako ibali ngaphezu Islamization yommandla ebangelwe ukoyisa Arab, kwaba Turkization ngenxa kuhlaselo ngezizwe zamaTurkic ephila. Kodwa, ngokwahlukileyo kwinkqubo Islamization Wasolula kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela. Gxininisa ukubaluleka kwesi siganeko inani lemiba ukuba ziimpawu Azerbaijan ulwimi lwale mihla kunye nenkcubeko yabantu mihla ilizwe a imvelaphi eTurkey.

Iliza yokuqala lokuhlasela Turkish yaba ukuhlasela izizwe Seljuk Oguz evela Central Asia, esenzeka kwinkulungwane XI. Sikhatshwe intshabalalo oxandileyo nokutshatyalaliswa nabantu basekuhlaleni. Abahlali abaninzi Azerbaijan ukubaleka, abalekela ezintabeni. Ngoko ke, oko iingingqi weentaba wama-lizwe awabuvayo Turkization ubuncinane. Apha zonqulo ubuKristu, kunye nabantu Azerbaijan endiyiphithikezileyo kunye ababehlala kwimimandla entabeni Armenia. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuhlala kwiindawo zazo, abantu ugalelwe kunye boyisa zamaTurkic wathabatha phezu kolwimi nenkcubeko yabo, kodwa ngaxeshanye ukulondoloza kunye nelifa lemveli lenkcubeko wooyise. Evela kule elisetyenziswa ngayo uhlanga yabizwa ngokuba Azeri kwixesha elizayo.

Emva kokuwa imo olunye Seljuks kummandla yoMzantsi Azerbaijan lalilawulwa Ildegezidov of imvelaphi Turkish, uze ngokufutshane bababamba la mazwe Khwarizmshahs.

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XIII, neCaucasus yalulanyiselwa kwi Mongol lokuhlasela. Azerbaijan kwahlanganiswa zikarhulumente Hulaguid Mongol ubukhosi baso Iran yanamhlanje.

Emva kokuwa ubukhosi ngo-1355 Hulaguid, Azerbaijan ixesha elifutshane yinxalenye ngobume Tamerlane, kwaye ke ngoko zibe yinxalenye amaqumrhu karhulumente Oguz izizwe Kara Koyunlu kunye Ak Koyunlu. Yaba ngeli xesha Ukwakheka lokugqibela yesizwe Azerbaijani.

Azerbaijan i yinxalenye ye Iran

Emva kokuwa karhulumente Ak Koyunlu, ngo-1501, ngomhla kummandla Iran kunye nakumazantsi Azerbaijan ezikhandelwa Safavid karhulumente enamandla kunye iziko e Tabriz. Kamva ikomkhulu yadluliselwa kwisixeko Iranian ka Qazvin kunye Isfahan.

karhulumente Safavid anazo zonke iimpawu obu bukhosi. Ingakumbi umzabalazo banenkani Alwa Safavids ukuya entshonalanga ngamandla nokukhula Ottoman, kuquka eCaucasus.

Ngowe-1538, i-Safavids yakwazi ukoyisa imo Shirvanshahs. Ngenxa yoko, phantsi kwegunya labo ukuba wonke ummandla Azerbaijan yanamhlanje. Iran igcine ulawulo phezu lizwe kunye amakhosi zilandelayo - Hotak, Afsharid Dynasty kunye Zand. Ngowe-1795, Iran i-Qajar ubukhosi walawula imvelaphi eTurkey.

Nangona Azerbaijan sele yahlulwe khanates ezininzi ezincinane, ezibe owayamileyo kurhulumente kazwelonke Iranian.

Kokoyiswa Azerbaijan buBukhosi Russian

Lilinge lokuqala ukuseka ulawulo Russian phezu yemihlaba Azerbaijan zaye zenziwa phantsi Peter I. Kodwa ngoxa ukukhuthazwa Russian yoMbuso eCaucasus akukhange nempumelelo enkulu.

Le meko kakhulu kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XIX. Ekuhambeni yeemfazwe ezimbini Russian-Persian, eyathatha ukususela 1804 ukuya 1828, uBukhosi Russian ukuba umbuso phantse wonke ummandla Azerbaijan yanamhlanje.

Yaba enye yezi ngongoma ekujikeni, oko izele imbali. Azerbaijan ukususela ngoko iye yaba lixesha elide ezinxulumene ne-Russia. It is a ukuhlala kwethutyana kuBukhosi Russian sisiqalo kwimveliso ye-oyile e Azerbaijan kunye nophuhliso kolu shishino.

Azerbaijan e USSR

Emva kokuba October Revolution, baye ke utyekelo centrifugal kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo yoBukhosi owayesakuba Russian apho. NgoMeyi 1918, i ezimeleyo Azerbaijan Democratic Republic yasekwa. Kodwa ke isimo abasebatsha uphila kumzabalazo kunye iiBolsheviks, kuquka ngenxa yeempikiswano zangaphakathi. Ngowe-1920 uyekwa.

IiBolsheviks yasekwa Azerbaijan SSR. Ntlandlolo ukuba yinxalenye Transcaucasian Federation, kodwa ngowe-1936 waba ngokupheleleyo peer iqumrhu kwi USSR. Elikomkhulu karhulumente wemfundo yaba isixeko Baku. Ngeli xesha, uphuhliso olunzulu kunye neminye imizi Azerbaijan.

Kodwa ke ngo-1991, kwawa yiSoviet Union zenzeka. Malunga nalo msitho Azerbaijan SSR yaphela.

Azerbaijan yanamhlanje

geqe yabizwa ngokuba Republic of Azerbaijan. Umongameli wokuqala Azerbaijan - Ayaz Mutalibov, owayesakuba owayesakuba unobhala yokuqala Republican Committee Communist Party. Emva kwakhe, khosi ahlala isikhundla intloko karhulumente Abulfaz Elchibey kunye Heydar Aliyev. Okwangoku, uMongameli Azerbaijan - unyana akwale, Ilham Aliyev. Wayecinga sikhundla ngo-2003.

Ingxaki kakhulu etsolo e Azerbaijan mihla - yi Karabakh impixano, eyaqala ekuqaleni ekupheleni eSoviet Union. Xa ke usuku kwegazi phakathi imikhosi urhulumente Azerbaijan kunye nabemi Karabakh, kunye SaseArmenia inkxaso, kwiRiphabliki eliyi of Artsakh kwasekwa. Azerbaijan ugqala kummandla wakowabo, ngoko ungquzulwano uhlala sihlaziywe.

Nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuba uqaphele kwempumelelo Azerbaijan ekwakheni geqe. Ukuba kwixesha elizayo ezi ntuthuko ziya kuphuhliswa, ukuchuma lizwe liya kuba sisiphumo endalo imigudu olufanayo kurhulumente kunye nabantu.