Sociometry: ukwenza njani na iziphumo. Sociometry: usetyenziso lweenkcukacha kunye nokutolikwa iziphumo

Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba imveliso weqela, okanye naliphi na elinye iqela - ngundoqo nokuphunyezwa ngempumelelo lo msebenzi. Oku kubalulekile naxa nabo basebenza ngabanye nangokusebenzayo inxaxheba kumsebenzi weqela. nomoya Psychological phakathi kwabasebenzi iba nefuthe elikhulu yonke inkqubo yokusebenza, yaye ubudlelwane iya kuchaphazela isiphumo lulonke.

Ukuchaneka nokuthembeka psychology ongandiphikisa, kodwa ke le ndawo nje amandla omanyano lweqela, eziphandwe kakuhle, yaye izazinzulu ndizuze eninzi ulwazi kunye namava. Eyona ndlela ezingabizi kakhulu, kulula kwaye ongenantandabuzo ukuhlalutya iqela intsebenziswano - kukho indlela sociometric imilinganiselo. Ngayo, isikhundla ilungu ngalinye leqela kwinkqubo ulwalamano ichaza yovavanyo wayevumelana efihlakeleyo kunye nokunamathelana.

indlela History

Indlela (Sociometry) yasekwa ziphuhliswe sisazinzulu ngengqondo American J. L. Moreno. Eli gama wayethetha ezentlalo, theory psychological kunye indlela ngamava iqela lesifundo, nto leyo eza kunceda uphando nokulawula ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, isosioloji, ngezengqondo lwentlalo kunye nonyango lwengqondo asetyenziswa ukufunda kunye wokubambisana yonxulumano nabanye ngamaqela amancinane, ayibobuchule ezifana sociometry. Indlela ukuqhubekekisa iziphumo - lo mbuzo ephakanyiswe iisayikholojisti kunye nabaphathi HR. Ivula incwadi iimvavanyo, unako ukufumana inkcazelo eneenkcukacha kunye nemiyalelo njani kwaye yintoni ukukwenza.

Isiseko ithiyori yale ndlela inkanuko J nzulu .. L. Moreno ukuchaza zonke iinkalo (uqoqosho, ezopolitiko, njalo njalo.) Kubomi bentlalo yabantu, ukusebenza kunye nezinto ezifana ubudlelwane ngokweemvakalelo phakathi kwabantu, azithandayo nangazithandiyo. Le kwengqondo-ngumphandi kunye nabafundi bakhe, wacebisa ukuba imeko yingxaki yoluntu ingasombululwa hayi udidi ukwabiwa, yaye ngoncedo intshukumo kwabantu ngenxa bakukhethayo ngokweemvakalelo. Ngaloo ndlela, apho kuya sociometric revolution eziya kwenza ubudlelwane gingxi.

J .. L. Moreno yaziswa ingcamango yakhe yinto efana umzimba, bafumana kakhulu kubalulekile. Lo mqondo unit ilula kakhulu ngokweemvakalelo ethunyelwayo ukusuka komnye umntu iye komnye, yaye ngaloo ndlela ligqiba inani nomgangatho ubudlelwane apho abantu kuza.

iimpawu ngokubanzi sociometry

Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ethembekileyo zibalulekile, hayi kuphela iziphumo sociometry. Okokuqala, kufuneka uqokelele ulwazi lokuqala malunga iqela lesifundo. Okwesibini, ukulungiselela imibuzo kwaye enze, eneneni, sociometric uphando. Okwesithathu, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuhlalutya nokutolika idatha afunyenwe ngexesha lovavanyo. Kakade ke, le ndlela iquka ukusetyenziswa kwezinye iindlela ezifana lokuqaphela kunye processing izibalo ze sociometry.

Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo ukukhumbula ekulungiseleleni imibuzo, kukuba akufuneki babe abstract kunye eziphathekayo, ebonisa nayiphi na imeko yokwenene. Sociometry kuqhutywa kuluntu apho asebenza kudala ukusebenza kunye yaye babe nolwazi olwaneleyo malunga nenye. iimpawu nezenyama - umsebenzi malunga ezintandathu iinyanga. Ubungakanani iqela lesifundo - abantu 12-15.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kuphando sociometric ngokuzithandela kuphela. Pre ukuxoxa imithetho yokuziphatha kwe abaphenduli ukuya imifuniselo zengqondo. Iimpendulo kufuneka banyaniseke, kuba umalunga kwicala ngokweemvakalelo ubudlelane kwiqela. Kwenzeka ukuba umphenduli ubunzima ekugcwaliseni le fomu okanye hayi kuphendula konke konke. Khumbula ukuba ilungelo lakhe. Kodwa lo japan kubalulekile njengoko ubuchule (sociometry) utsho. Indlela ukuqhubekekisa iziphumo kule meko? Ukukhutshwa yetotali ezukileyo uvavanyo kwaye ubambe udliwano ngamnye kunye naye, ukuze aqonde isizathu ukungaphumeleli.

iqela iimpawu

Inkqubo sociometric ndlela ayahlukanga nayiphi ukuntsokotha, kodwa ukuba ukuthobela imithetho nemimiselo kufuneka uqiniseke. imeko Basic - kukusetyenziswa kweeprofayili wena, ngokuba inxaxheba engaziwa akayi kuvumela ukutyhilwa emva kweziphumo.

Kwakhona, kukho ezinye iimfuno ukubunjwa kwiqela lesifundo. Okokuqala, kufuneka sibe imida ecacileyo (abasebenzi kwisebe elithile, iqela njalo njalo. D.), yaye okwesibini, ubude ubukho balo kufuneka ubuncinane 3 iinyanga, yaye kwiinyanga ezintandathu engcono.

Akulunganga liya kuqhuba uvavanyo emva kwezinye mibhiyozo, amaqela corporate, emva kwenye kweeveki ezimbini okanye ezintathu iqela apho kuya kubakho iimvakalelo ezinxulumene siganeko, yaye oku kuya kukhokelela uhlaba idatha yesaveyi.

Kwaye kukho iimfuno ezithile oyingcali, ukuqhuba uphando sociometric. Xa kungekho tyala akanakuba lilungu leqela, kodwa inqanaba ukuzithemba leqela kuye kufuneka ibe phezulu.

Iinkqubo zokufunda

survey Sociometric yenziwa kwigumbi elahlukileyo, apho zonke izifundo. Umlawuli ufunda imiyalelo kunye nemibuzo, kunye abaphenduli ugcwalise ifomu efanelekileyo. Lo mbuzo kuba: "Ngubani na mema kwitheko wakhe wokuzalwa, yaye abafuni ukubona kwi iholide yakho?" Isifundo ukhetha abathathu kubo ziquka iqela ezintathu, ulawulo omnye. Ezahlukeneyo ze "na" yaye "bonke" akavumelekile. Ngokukhetha nayiphi na abasebenzi, eso sifundo phambi igama layo uthi, nto wenza kunye neempawu yomntu (ngokoluvo lwakhe).

Umongo umbuzo zinokuba nomahluko, eyona nto ibalulekileyo - kucacile, nangokungenamathandabuzo uqulungqo elula. Itekisi kufuneka ilingane iqela ubudala beqela nxaxheba, abanomdla kuzo inqanaba lophuhliso. Nantsi inkqubo ye indlela ezifana sociometry. Indlela ukuprosesa iziphumo, unako ukufunda ngakumbi. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu.

Building sociometric matrix

unyango Help sociometry luquka matrix olulodwa, nto leyo luchazwa itafile kunye neziphumo zeemvavanyo ukwenza ukhetho. Ngomhla lasekhohlo tye wenza amagama abasebenzi kwaye kanye tye ukusuka phezulu kwetafile.

Kwakhona zonke iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo malunga iimpawu uvavanyo idluliselwa etafileni.

Sociogram - ibinzana igrafikhi ze data sociometric

Kakade ke, ngaphambi kokuba umphathi nzima usukelo zemfundo jikelele, ngoko silindele ubume sociometric ayikho imfuneko. Intloko iya kuba yanele ukuba ixabiso lilonke wonyulo kwaye ukungaphumeleli inkqubo "Sociometry". Indlela ukuprosesa iziphumo meko, nayiphi na ngengqondo uya kukuxelela. Sociogram - it nomfanekiso iziphumo zophando. Kuyinto elula, kuba uyakwazi ukubona wesakhiwo zonke ubudlelwane kweli qela.

isiphelo

Indlela thaca ilula kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa, akunyanzelekanga ukuba zemali okanye ezinye iindleko ezongezelelweyo. Kuye kwavela kwenkulungwane yama-20, J .. L. Moreno, yaye ukuya ngoku ithandwa kakhulu kwi Social Psychology.