Tourism Cluster - yintoni na le nto? Ukuchaza ingqiqo

Abaninzi baye ukhe weva igama elithi "iklasta" kwinkalo yezoqoqosho. Kodwa asingabo bonke nazi, ukuqonda intsingiselo yawo ngqo. Ukuze lo msebenzi wabatyeleli nguye yingcamango siyasebenza.

definition

Cluster Tourism - ngumbutho imibutho ezibonelela ngeenkonzo kwicandelo lezokhenketho. Kumafa yalo has a amashishini amancinane kunye ezinkulu nezinyanzeliswa rhoqo zihlanganise omnye nomnye. Bona elise kwintsimi enye ngaphakathi kummandla efanayo. Umsebenzi yenziwa ngaphakathi (travel ngaphakathi elizweni), kwaye kwicala yangaphandle (travel angaphandle).

imibutho kungani

kushishino ezinika inempembelelo ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho. Ngoko uwajongele ayikwazi ukuba ixabiso layo. Ukuze eziguquguqukayo asakhulayo amazwe, ukhenketho uba kwingongoma nganye ukukhula nezalathisi zoqoqosho.

izihloko abakhenkethi Russian namhlanje ukwenza iinkonzo zokhenketho kukhuphiswano, kunye nokusetyenziswa ishishini ubugcisa bale mihla.

isakhiwo

isakhiwo klasta yeyona inkqubo oluneqela elinegunya. Isihloko ikhonkco inkampani yolawulo. Urhulumente unika amagunya ayo ukulawula iindawo ezithile kwezoqoqosho. Ubudlelwane zisekelwe kwisiseko intsebenziswano. Kuxhomekeka indlela yophuhliso cluster okhenketho Inika inkxaso-mali nangokomthamo ezifunekayo.

Le nkampani zolawulo, nayo, olawula ukusebenza kula macandelo:

• abaququzeleli bokhenketho;
• Agency for ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zabakhenkethi;
• imibutho ukuphumeza iinkonzo yokuhlala yeeNdwendwe (ezihotele, izindlu zamabhoda, Motels, njalo njalo).

Inyathelo elilandelayo kwiqela elinegunya zezi:

• Inkampani kwi nokucwangciswa transfer;
• zokutya (zokutyela, cafes, nemivalo, etc ...);
• neendawo zolonwabo kunye zolonwabo (iipaki, amaziko ezemidlalo zokudlala, cinema, njl);
• ezithengisa ne zezikhumbuzo;
• izinto yi ukulungisa zezothutho.

imigomo

Kwinqanaba ichaze, kukho imingeni ekufuneka zikhawulelwa unxulumano efanayo. Kulo mzekelo, cluster ukhenketho - iqela yeekhomponenti kwezokhenketho lizwe. Oko kukuthi, loo nto ixela ukuba urhulumente uya kuba liziko ukhenketho yehlabathi.

Kwakhona kucingelwa ukuba ngenxa imikhosi ezinkulu umsebenzi amashishini asebenzisanayo ngempumelelo ngakumbi. uphuhliso ziya kuba iindawo ezintsha, ukuqukwa kweenkqubo ezintsha kunye technologies.

Ukudala cluster na umfanekiso kummandla kunye namathemba zayo, okuvuselela ukukhuthazwa kunye nokudalwa izinto ezintsha kubume.

A imibutho yenkcubeko kunye babatyeleli kuya kunceda ukutsalela ingqalelo iingxaki wokusindisa lwamaxabiso. Kuba Russia, indalo uluhlu zokhenketho Iza kunika nefuthe lokuphucula umgangatho weenkonzo zokhenketho.

Iintlobo kunye neentlobo

Kuxhomekeka yokuqhelwaniswa ukhenketho ukwahlukanisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo: ukuzonwabisa, imyuziyam, Spa, okusingqongileyo kunye namanye amaqela.

Xa ukunciphisa parameters bahlukana yengingqi, zengingqi, zesizwe kunye kwelentshona ye-national imibutho (clusters). makhulu kunga- kwiindawo ezinkulu kuchaphazela izakhiwo ezingqongileyo. Ukwenziwa clusters kwenzeka nokuba injongo okanye sisigqeba yembali.

amava Russian

NgoJulayi kulo nyaka kwi umda welizwe lethu bagqiba ukwenza ezisebenzisanayo 17 okhenketho. indalo Bahlele kwiindawo ezifana Dagestan, Udmurtia, Karelia, Komi, Mari El, kwaye Trans-izimvu kunye Krasnodar Territory. Iindawo ukuphunyezwa Unxulumano ezinjalo ziya kuba:

• Novgorod;
• Bryansk;
• Volgograd;
• Tula, kunye nabanye.

It has izimvu elungileyo enokubakho kunye nakwiindawo ezikufutshane. Bona umdla ukusuka kwindawo yokucingela uKhenketho lwezendalo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuyilwa imibutho enkulu kule ndawo ukunceda ukuphucula umgangatho wokuphila yabantu balapha kwaye ziya kuba negalelo kuphuhliso kwezakhiwo mveliso. Kwenziwa izicwangciso zokuba le ndawo Trans-izimvu kunye kubakhenkethi entsha izihloko ziya kuba liziko ukhenketho yehlabathi.

amathuba ezilungileyo babe kwimimandla kwiingingqi Vologda kunye eMoscow. emafeni yamandulo ezindilekileyo, ezikhumbuzo izakhiwo kunye nembali - konke oku evusa umdla kubameli bamanye amazwe. Kubalulekile kuphela ukuzisa kokhenketho umgangatho.

Ukudala izihloko ezindaweni ezifana Karelia, zeAltai, naye uya kwandisa isibheno lwabo babakhenkethi kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele.

Uphuhliso lwasekhaya kunye nokhenketho engenayo kubalulekile zombini kuqoqosho kunye nobume ngamazwe. Nangona ukhenketho Russian libe lisalele ngasemva ukuba amanye amazwe.

izihloko Global

Amava kumazwe amaninzi lubonisa ukuba uhlanganiso elikhulu-abasakhasayo negalelo ukusebenza yoqoqosho. La maziko eziphambili: Asia, European (Western Europe) kunye North American. Kumazwe aseYurophu, cluster kwezokhenketho - le nkqubo phambili.

Ngenxa impefumlelwano imibutho kunye izixhobo karhulumente, ukhenketho kwilizwe ezifana eItali, namhlanje kukho izakhiwo yabakhenkethi eziphuhlileyo. Amangcwaba zembali yenkcubeko lemveli alondolozwe ngenyameko. Baba ezinomtsalane iphambili kurhulumente. Ngenkuthalo isetyenziswa yi yonke impumelelo mihla, benza ukhenketho enomtsalane.

Ngokuba uSirayeli, ishishini kwabakhenkethi ngoyena ndoqo. Izisa 4% ye-GDP karhulumente. Loshishino nokhenketho lwezonyango - into leyo eyenza amaSirayeli. Kweli lizwe, hayi nje Sisihloko umbutho ozimeleyo leenkampani ngamnye kunye intsebenziswano ecacileyo zonke izakhiwo, balawulwa amagunya karhulumente.

izimiso nokubekwa

Iingingqi ngokungalingani zizityebi ezahlukeneyo izinto zolonwabo, ngoko indawo izakhiwo cluster edyokhweni.

Amaninzi ukuba abunjwe ngqo kwiindawo nge xi eliphezulu ezinika, zombini yendalo neyenziweyo.

Esinye sezizathu isenokuba ukubekwa kwindawo ethile ukuze kunyuswe umgangatho kwezoqoqosho.

iimpawu ezikhethekileyo yesihloko

• Indawo ebotshelelwe kwindawo ethile.
• Cluster Tourism - i inkqubo evulekileyo, ngelixa limited network ubulungu azalwa.
• Ukusebenzisana akwiqela esekelwe kwiinqobo zentlalo trust.
• Iqulunqa umbutho ukudala inkqubo ezisebenzisanayo. Oku kudala imfuno.
• Ngokusekelwe ukhuphiswano kunye nentsebenziswano.
• Le ivelisa umbono adibeneyo iingxaki elizayo, eqhelekileyo.

Umzekelo Sisihloko. The Republic of Belarus

Eyona njongo yalo umbutho impefumlelwano izibonelelo ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuquka ukutya, iimyuziyam, kwimizi yabahambi, ezivenkileni. Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba utyikitye isivumelwano sentsebenziswano phezu abakhenkethi ezidityanelweyo isevisi. Iphuhlise iindidi zeendawo; ngokuba kubafundi, abadla, abakhenkethi bamanye amazwe. Abaququzeleli udale uhlobo iseti "Wonderland Schuchinschiny". Oku kuquka: Malomozheykovskaya ibandla, nto leyo njengenqaba, ibhotwe Drutsk-Lyubetsky, Rakovitskaya icon ye nguMama kaThixo. A isici esasenza kule ngingqi sisityalo kwemithi oki.

Njengoko sibonile, ukuyilwa imibutho enjalo intsebenziswano eyiyo kunye nophuhliso kushishino lwezokhenketho. Lo mmandla, nto leyo ifumaneka e-cluster kubakhenkethi lomzi, zifakiwe kuwo, ngokuqinisekileyo ukufumana inkxaso kuphuhliso lwezibonelelo lwabo nokuphucula amazinga okuphila. indlela A nokunxibelelanisa inkqubo ngeenjongo imisebenzi, ukuyilwa kwisiseko-mali (ngokuthi itsale mali iNkxaso okanye nenkxaso karhulumente), kwakunye orientation onke amacandelo e-cluster kuphuhliso self.