Saltpeter: isichumisi. Isicelo kwizolimo

I-ammonium nitrate yichumbo esuka kwintsapho enkulu ye-nitrogen, ngaphandle kwayo akunakwenzeka ukucinga naliphi na i-plant of plant growing today. Yiyo yonke indawo yesicelo esenza ukuba kufuneke imveliso yayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Ngemiqulu emikhulu yempahla, iteknoloji yemveliso yayo ihlaziywa rhoqo, nto leyo eyongezelelekileyo ekuncedeni le kholeji kwisikhundla sesithandwa kakhulu.

Ammonium nitrate

Inemichiza ye-chemical NH4 NO3. I-ammonium nitrate iyisichumisi esineziphumo eziqukethe i-34.4% ye-nitrogen. Itholakala ngefom ye-granules ifom ephezulu, ene-hygroscopicity ephezulu. I-ammonium nitrate njengoko isichumiso sinama-55-60% emarike phakathi kweendidi ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwezolimo. Ukuthandwa kwalo kukhula ngonyaka unyaka.

Ukwakhiwa

I-nitrate (isichumisi) yenziwa ngokuxuba i-nitrogen nge-hydrogen. Ngenxa yolu phendulo, i-ammonia yenziwa, enepropati ye-oxidizing nexesha. Ngaphezu koko, lo mxube uba ngu-nitric acid. I-asidi kunye ne-ammonia zidibene kunye ne-nitrate yammonium iyafumaneka. Esi sichumiso sine-17% ye-ammonium kunye ne-nitrate nitrogen (i-34%). I-nitre efunyenwe ngolu hlobo i-powder white white hydroscopic echitha amanzi, ngaloo ndlela iyanciphisa kakhulu ukushisa kwesisombululo. Kuqhubekile, ngoko kufuneka usebenze ngokucopheleleyo nangokucokisekileyo.

Nitrate ngohlobo lwesichumisi

Isicelo se-nitrate (isichumisi) sikhulu kakhulu ngenxa yobume bayo. Lifanelekileyo ngokufanelekileyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zomhlaba kwaye ichithwe ngokupheleleyo nayiphi na izityalo. I-saltpeter (isichumisi) ingasetyenziselwa zombini njengesichumisi ngexesha lonke lohlaza, nangendlela yohlobo oluphambili. Ngentwasahlobo kufuneka isetyenziswe ngaphambi kokutyala.

Isistim

Ukuze ugweme ukuqokelela kwimveliso yezityalo ze-nitrate, ungadluli umyinge we-nitrate ye-ammonium. Ukuyisebenzisa njengesiqhumiso esibalulekileyo kuyimfuneko ukuthabatha ama-cent centriors nganye ngehektare, njengengubo ephezulu yokugqoka - engekho ngaphezu kweyure kunye nesigidi kwi-hektare.

Isicelo

I-Saltpeter (isichumisi) inceda ukwandisa isivuno semveliso yeenkozo (ibhali, i-rye, ingqolowa, i-triticale) ngo-3-5% xa uyisebenzisa ekuqaleni kwentsholongwane yokuchumisa izityalo. Oku kwaziwa ngabantu abakhula okusanhlamvu, kwaye ngokukhawuleza ukuba iqhwa livela emasimini, zithathwa ukuba zondle kakhulu izityalo. Ikwaziswa kwakhona njengesiqhumiso esiphezulu entwasahlobo okanye ekwindla. Xa usebenzisa i-saltpeter kwintsi elula, inika iziphumo ezintle, ngakumbi xa isetyenziselwa ukulima, ngaphambi kokuhlwayela. Kunconywa ngehlabathi elimnandi okanye elincinci ukuba lisetyenziswe rhoqo ngokuhlanganisana nezinye zokugqoka eziphezulu ngexesha lonyaka.

Iingcebiso

Ukuba unqwenela, sebenzisa ngokudibanisa ne-potassium kunye ne-phosphorous substances, ukuxutywa kwezichumisi kwenziwa ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo. I-nitrate ithintela ngokupheleleyo ukukhula kobunzima bezityalo. Iyakwazi ukwandisa umxholo we-gluten kunye neprotheni epheleleyo kwintsimi, kwaye isebenza njengomncedisi obalaseleyo ukwandisa isivuno.