Yintoni umquba? Izichumiso ze-Organic, i-horticulture kunye negadi

Bonke abalimi abanolwazi bathatha indawo ekhethekileyo kwi-compost, kuba lo mva ngumdali kunye nomthombo wobuninzi bezityalo kunye nesichumiso sabo esingundoqo sendalo. Impilo yezityalo kunye nokuvuna kwangomso kuxhomekeke ngqo kumgangatho kunye nesakhiwo somgquba. Ukuba ulungiselele ngokufanelekileyo le mxube, umgadi wegadi akayi kufuna ukufaka isicelo sesichumiso. Yintoni umquba, indlela yokuyilungisa iya kuthetha eli nqaku.

Umgquba - yintoni na?

Umgquba uyimfuneko ebalulekileyo yomhlaba ocebileyo nasiphi na ingadini kunye nesichumiso esifumaneka ngakumbi kuzo zonke iinjongo, ezifunyenwe kwizityalo ezihlala kuyo. Ukuba iphekwe ngokuchanekileyo, ayiyi kuzalisa kuphela iimfuno zezityalo kwizakhi ezondlobisayo ezikhawuleza ukukhula, kodwa kwakhona ziphucula kakhulu izakhiwo zomhlaba apho kuxhomekeka khona, kwaye ingazifumana njani kunye nokugcina umswakama.

Umquba kwilizwe okanye kwintsimi yemifuno yindalo yendalo yendalo, efunyenwe ngotyulo, enikezelwa yimifuno yehlabathi kunye neebhaktheriya.

Ukulungiswa kwesi sichumbo kubakho kwiipompo zomquba okanye umququzeleli . Zingakhiwa nje ngomgodi emhlabathini, kodwa okukhethwa kukho ngendawo efanelekileyo. Oku, njengomthetho, ngumthamo wohlobo oluvaliweyo okanye oluvulekileyo okanye ibhokisi elinokungena ngaphakathi.

Ngamanye amaxesha abalimi-iilori abalimi banomdla kwiyiphi umquba "waseMerika". Oku kukuthi, njengommiselo, ibhakethi apho inkunkuma yokutya ifakwa kwaye ihlanjululwa kunye nomhlaba. Njengoko ugcwalisa ubunzima buya kudluliselwa kwisitya esikhulu okanye sithathelwa kumgquba ophezulu.

Iimeko zokuququzelela

Inqwaba ye-compost ivunyelwe ukwenza zonke izinto eziphilayo ezingonakalisa. Ezi zibandakanya, phakathi kwezinye izinto, inkunkuma yeenkuni, i-hay kunye ne-straw. Ungafaki amancinci amancinci kumgquba, kuba ahlanganiswe umquba, ukuxubana ne-peat kunye nomhlaba, ubuncinane ubuncinane iminyaka.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-microorganisms ezinikezela ngotyulo zingenza yonke into eyongeziweyo kumgquba womquba uze uvelise i-humus kuyo, iimeko ezithile zidalwe, kuba zifuna ukutya okupheleleyo. Ukususela kwintengiso yenkunkuma bayifumana ikhabhoni, kwaye kufuneka banikezwe nge-nitrogen ngama-additives afanelekileyo, ayenziwa ngumgquba wezilwanyana.

Umgquba wenkomo uyongezwa malunga neepesenti ezingamashumi amabini yomthamo wembumba yonke, kwaye i-droppings yeentaka ezigxininisiweyo zifunwa ngaphantsi. Ukuba kukho ubunzima kunye nobukho balesi sithako, ke kuthathwa indawo ye-legumes, isidlo sesithambo, i- nettle encane okanye utshani.

Umququzeleli Ayenzi ngaphandle kwezinto ezinjengomhlaba ocebileyo, ezizaliswe ngama-microorganism, kunye nabashukumisayo bokuvumba. Ukudala ukwakhiwa kwekhalori, yongeza i-phosphate okanye i- phosphorite ufulawa kwisilinganiso seekhilogram ezintandathu kwi cubic meter kunye ne-potassium (i-ash ash okanye i- potassium sulphate) kwisixa seekhilogram ezimbini kwi cubic meter.

Xa kudala imimiselo efunekayo kunye nesakhiwo esifanelekileyo se-compost, i-heap ishushu, ukukhawuleza ukubola kwezinto eziseleyo.

Oko ungenzi umquba

Enye yezinto ezithandwayo ezithandwayo phakathi kwabantu kugadi kunye nokulima. Ukuze uyenze ngempumelelo, kufuneka ube nezakhono ezithile, enye yazo nolwazi lokulungiselela isichumiso kwizityalo zasegadi.

Ukufumana umququzeleli ophezulu kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba yiyiphi enye into engafanele ibe yiyo:

• Iiplastiki;
• Amafutha;
• Izinto zokwenza izinto;
• Amathambo;
• Fat;
• Inkunkuma yenyama kunye nobisi.

Ezi zintathu zokugqibela azithandeki kuba zivumba kakubi kwaye zitsalane namagundane. Kunokwenzeka ukuba wongeze ngobuncinane bokuba ukubola okukhawulezayo kunye naphakathi komquba.

Ukukhumbula ukuba yeyiphi umquba, awukwazi ukwenza umjelo wokulahlwa yilapho, ubeke kuyo izinto ezinjalo:

• Imfumba yabantu kunye nenkunkuma yasemakhaya ukuphepha ukusuleleka kwe-helminthic;
• Imiqulu, iphepha eliluhlaza, amatye, amathambo, ierubha, njengoko zingagqithisi kwi-compost;
• Amagciwane kunye neekhemikhali;
• Ukuhlala kunye nemveliso yengcola yemvelaphi yezilwanyana ebangela ukubola;
• Ukuchaphazeleka zizifo kunye neentlobo zezityalo ezitshiswayo;
• Iinjongo kunye neziqu kunye nembewu yokhula, kuba ngexesha le-re-ligation abalahlekelwa ukuhluma.

EziNdawo eziMhlophe

Iimpawu ze-compost isinqumle zingabelana ngezigaba ezimbini:

• "Uhlaza", equle inani elincinane le-nitrogen;
• "Brown", engenayo i-nitrogen, kodwa iquka ezininzi zefiber.

Iqela eliluhlaza libandakanya imfucuza yekhitshi, iziqwenga, iintonti zeentaka, iiimbotyi zefotyi, amaqabunga ahlaza, iifumba, iziqhamo ezahlukeneyo. Iinkqubo zokubola kwezi zixhobo zihamba ngokukhawuleza, zenzeke ngokufudumala kunye nokushisa kwamanzi ngaphakathi. Ngendlela efanelekileyo yokuhamba, kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela kakuhle izinto ezibonakalayo.

Ukulungiselela umquba ukusuka kwingca, imifino kwaye ushiya ngaphambi kokuthululela kwi-compost podvyvayut. Ukuba oko kungenziwanga, ubunzima bomlenze we-compost luya kuqulunqwa, kwaye umoya awuyi kudlulela, oya kubakho ukubola, kodwa uzonwaba, kwaye isichumisi esinetyhefu siya kuvela. Kwakhona iindawo zokuhluma ziguqulwa ngamahlamvu omile kunye ne-sawdust.

Isiseko esihle kakhulu somgquba siwuhlaza, kodwa kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba nganye yamacandelo ayo kufuneka agqitywe ngama-humus ayenziwe okanye ahlanjwe ngotshani lwe-herbal ukukhula kancinci kancinci, ngoko ke, ukunyuka kweenkqubo zokuququzelela. Utyani obomileyo luxutywa kunye nesisombululo somquba, i-waste waste ekhishini okanye amanzi.

Iiklomelo zeekhikhi kunye neziqhamo zitshintshwe ngezinto ezinobomvu, kwaye ukuhlaselwa kweentaka kuhlanjululwa ngamanzi.

Inxalenye "yeBrown" yenkomo yomquba

Udidi olumnyama luquka i-bark, i-husk yembewu yelanga, iphepha, amaqabunga owomileyo. Kwakhona kufakwe i-sawdust, i-corn cobs, i-straw, umququ, umquba. Umquba oqulethwe ngala maqumrhu ufumana i-porosity efunekayo, kuba idlala indima yee-agent eziphazamisayo kwaye igcina umoya kunye nomswakama.

Iinkqubo zokungena kwezi zixhobo zide kwaye zenzeke ngaphandle kokwakhiwa kobushushu. Ngexesha lokubola kwabo, inani le-nitrojeni linciphisa kancane kumgquba. Ngoko ke, xa wenza i-heap, izithako ezimdaka kufuneka zisebenze njengemihlathi encedisayo eyondla ibhaktheriya. Indlela enhle yokugcina le nkqubo kukuthulula inqwaba yerea kwi-half and half to two kilograms nganye.

Umquba ofanelekileyo kakhulu kumgquba unobumba, okanye ihashe, ngakumbi - ingulube. Xa usebenzisa le ndlela yokugqibela, kufuneka ishintshwe ngotshani, i-sawdust okanye i-husk, ngaphambi kokubhaka, yenza i-liming kwisilinganiselo seekhilogram ezimbini kwiikhijitri nganye yezinto eziqulathekileyo kwaye umelane nokuze ufikelele.

Ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kwesichumisi

Emva kokuvuthwa komquba kunye nokuguqula ibe ngumanyolo ococekileyo kubalulekile ukuyisebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo, ngenzuzo kwizityalo. Amabhunga abalimi kunye neefama zerori anganikwa oku kulandelayo:

• Ngomquba ogqityiweyo odibene kunye nomlotha, kunokwenzeka ukumba kwiitraki zezityalo ezincinane, ukuba zibuthathaka kwaye zikhula kakuhle. Gquba umqolo wehlabathi malunga namasentimitha amabini.
• Kubalulekile ukongeza umgquba phantsi kweentsika ze-currant kunye ne-gooseberry, kwindlela yokuhlaselwa kwama-raspberries kunye nama-strawberries.
• Yongeza kwangaphambili umquba kwi-lime, udibanise iklabishi kunye nekhukhamba, uxube kunye nocingo lomhlaba ngamasentimitha ayishumi.
• Ukufakela umquba komhlaba ngexesha lokuwa kungenziwa ngokufaka umgquba omncinci emhlabathini, ezibandakanya ezi ndawo ngefilimu ebusika ukuze izinto ezixabisekileyo zingenakunyulwa. Ngentwasahlobo, isichumisi siya kukhula.

Ubunjani bokuququzelela

Izithako zokupheka ngandlela-thile zongezwa kwi-compost. Ukuba ibhukmakhi yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, inqwaba ayiyi kukhupha izinto eziyingozi emhlabathini, kwaye ayiyi kubuhlungu ngephunga elimnandi.

Ngoko ke, ukuthobela ubungakanani bomgquba kubaluleke kakhulu, ngaphandle koko ukushisa okukhululekile kunye nommandla wamanzi akuyi kudala ukuvuthwa komgquba. Ubungakanani obuvunywe kakhulu bomgquba bunokuqwalaselwa njengomlinganiselo omnye kunye nesiqingatha semitha kunye neekhilomitha ezimashumi mabini. Ubude bukhethiweyo, kodwa ngaphezu kweyure kunye neekhilomitha. Inqwaba yamancinci amancinci ayikwazi ukufudumala kakuhle kwaye iya kulahla ukunyuka kwamanzi, okuya kuthoba ukukhula komquba.

Kukwacetyiswa ukuba ulungiselele umquba ngamaxesha onke kwindawo enye. Oku kuya kubangela ukuphindaphinda kwamachiza amaninzi afanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza ngokukhawuleza kwezicumba ezintsha.

Indlela yokulungisa ipiramidi yomquba

Ukutshiza umhlabathi ekwindla Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvuthwa kwesityalo esihle. Ngako oko, ngumsebenzi kwanoma yimuphi umyezo wegadi ukulungiselela kakuhle umquba wokufumana isichumisi esinomsoco.

Iingcebiso ziya kuba ngolu hlobo:

1. Kwiindawo ezixubileyo zesayithi, khetha isayithi yokuququzelela umgquba kwaye uyilungise: ukulungelelanisa, ukususa iingcambu ezingaphandle (ngakumbi ukhula).
2. Beka ucingo ngamaplanga, i-slate okanye iikhoke.
3. Ukuhambisa amanzi okungekho ngaphantsi, umjelo oqulethwe ngentlabathi, igravel, okanye igridi efanelekileyo okanye igridi kufuneka ifakwe.
4. Emva koko faka umgca wesichumisi sonyaka ophelileyo okhulileyo - siya kuba ngumthombo weebhaktheriya zokuvumba.
5. Iimpawu zebhukhimakhi zifuneka ukuba zifakwe.
6. Umbala obomdaka kunye obuluhlaza unamathele ngokuthe ngqo, ungakhohlwa ukuba ubunzima obuhlaza akufanele kube ngaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yenani elipheleleyo.
7. Phakathi kwamacandelwana, unokongeza i- litter encinci , umgquba okanye ukuvutha komzimba.
8. Ukufutshane ukuya phezulu, ububanzi beemfumba kufuneka buguquke ngokuvumelana.
9. Umphezulu wenkomo uhlanganiswe ngotshani okanye iplanti (ukufikelela komoya).

Izimo zokuvuthwa kwemfuyo

I-Horticulture kunye negadi ziqhelekile, kodwa ukulawulwa kwabo ngempumelelo kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi oluthile, kubandakanywa nendlela umquba ovelisa ngayo.

Ukutshala nokuvuthwa kwe-compost kuthatha kwiinyanga eziliqela ukuya kwiminyaka emibini, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezidalwe kunye nokulungiselelwa kwamacandelo: umthamo we-heap, ubungakanani bezithako ezichotshoziweyo, urhulumente wokuvumba.

Kubalulekile ukuba ukushisa ngaphakathi kwinqwaba kufinyelela kuma-degrees Celsius angama-60, ngaphezulu okuza kukhawuleza inkqubo yokutshala kwakhona, ukubulala izilwanyana. Akukho nto engabonakaliyo ukufikelela ngokwaneleyo komoya kunye nokunyuka kwamapiramidi.

Iingcebiso kubalimi kunye neelori abalimi kwilungiselelo lomquba

Ezinye iingcebiso zokunyamekela ipiramidi yomquba:

1. Ngokuqala kokushisa kunye nesomiso, kusasa ngemini ecacileyo, iqela lixutywa ngobuninzi kunye nokudibaniswa kwama-speed accelerators ukuxuba zonke iindawo, ezifuna amanzi amaninzi.
2. Iimbalwa eziliqela ngexesha, inqwaba idinga umthunzi ocwangcisekileyo.
3. Ukushiya umgquba ebusika kufuneka ube ngumsila-ogqutywe nge-humus okanye i-peat kwaye ihlanganiswe ngotshani. Ngonyaka ozayo, le "ngxowa" iyinzuzo kwisixhobo esitsha.
4. Sebenzisa umquba ungakhula kuphela, ube nesakhiwo esingafaniyo, esinobuhle kunye nomhlaba omanzi kunye namaqabunga (ngaphandle kwesikhunta kunye nefungus).
5. Awukwazi ukulungisa umquba emgodini ukuze ugweme ukubola ngenxa yamanzi aphantsi.

Eli nqaku lijonga ukuba yeyiphi umquba, indlela yokulungisa kakuhle nokuyisebenzisa. Olu lwazi lubalulekile kubantu ababandakanya ukulima, kuba baxhomekeke ekuveleni komhlaba kunye nokuningi kwesivuno.