Russian Space Art. imibono Russian cosmism

Ikamva abantu ... Le isihloko belusoloko kuthathwa ngomdla omkhulu zombini kwimpuma namasiko bulumko yaseYurophu. Kodwa kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yama-20, ugxininiso sele isukile kakhulu: Abantu abazange uphuphe malunga nekamva entle, kodwa ukuba bakhangele iindlela ezilungileyo zokwenza ukuzuza oko. Kwaye endleleni wabonakala umbuzo yendalo: "Ngaba kunokwenzeka ikamva umgaqo" inani izixhobo zenyukliya ehlabathini kunye namathuba intlekele yendalo akavumi ukuba ukunika Akuvuma. ukufaneleka omkhulu ufumene ukuqonda ubunzima kobudlelane phakathi komntu ngemvelo, ngokunjalo ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu. Ngenxa ingxoxo ezi ngxaki, kukho izithethe ezininzi. Space Art-bulumko Russian ngomnye wabo. Kuwo esiza kuxubusha ngayo kweli nqaku.

definition

Igama "Space Art Russian" wabonakala 60s, xa abantu enochulumanco ngokukhawuleza malunga ukuhlolwa kunye nezibheno ukuba phantse ulibele ilifa K. E. Tsiolkovskogo. Emva koko bamkela uluhlu olubanzi kwenkcubeko Russian kwi-19 - kwinkulungwane yama-20. abameli balo ubalaseleyo baba kwimibongo - Bruce, Tiutchev; kumculo - Scriabin; ukupeyinta - Nesterov. A ulwalathiso yentanda kwabunjwa ngeenxa iingcamango K. E. Tsiolkovskogo (ezixhaswa zizazinzulu eziphambili ezifana V. I. Vernadsky kunye A. L. Chizhevsky) kwaye isebenza N. F. Fodorova.

cosmists zokuqala zobulumko wacinga ithemba olunye uphuhliso loluntu. Kakade ke, ngenxa indlela yobomi yokucinga nendlela labalobi, izenzo zabo zahlukile kakhulu. Kodwa ke, nangona oku, ukuba Ungafumana ezininzi iingcamango eziqhelekileyo fezekisa ukuphuhlisa enye nenye kwaye ukwakha intsingiselo entsha yonke bulumko Russian.

Uluvo oluphambili

Cosmism Russian kuqala ukungqinisiseka ingcamango yokumanya bonke abantu, ngokusekelwe kungekuphela yezizathu zezopolitiko nangobuchule kodwa yokuziphatha kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi osemqoka ibalulekileyo kwakhiwa ulwalathiso yentanda - ngaphambili engahambelaniyo ezimbaxa ezifana iingxaki ezinjengokusekwa ookhansila jikelele, uphuhliso isithuba kunye nolondolozo lwendalo.

Izikhombisi cosmism Russian

Kukho ezininzi, kodwa iintsingiselo eziphambili emihlanu kuphela. Ezinye zazo esele zikhankanywe apha ngentla. Ngubani na oya kwazisa ukuba kuluhlu ngokupheleleyo:

• Natural-lwezenzululwazi (Tsiolkovsky, Vernadsky, Chizhevsky).
• Isakhiwo-zefilosofi (Fedorov).
• Artistic nemibongo (Morozov Sukhovo-Marelin, Bruce, Odoyevski, Tjutchev).
• Esoteric (Roerich).
• Noosphere (enameva, Akimov, Dmitriev).

Ngezantsi sithethe malunga abameli kumacala amabini zokuqala.

ukhokho cosmism

Cosmism Umsunguli ummeli inkulu yi UNikolai Fedorovich Fedorov. Akazange wayefunda bulumko ngobungcali. Fedorov yomsebenzi imfundiso ephilileyo kuqala, uze emva koko usebenza kwithala leencwadi. kakhulu ezimbalwa yemisebenzi yakhe kwapapashwa ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe UNikolai Fedorovich. Kodwa ngokwaneleyo ezi iimpapasho zobulumko ezininzi nabalobi nako bancome iingcamango zakhe. Ingakumbi ukubuyekeza HIV weza evela A. M. Gorkogo, F. M. Dostoevskogo kunye L. N. Tolstogo.

iingcamango ezininzi ziye zavela cosmism Russian Fedorov emsebenzini wakhe "I Ifilosofi unobangela oqhelekileyo." Wayekholelwa ukuba unobangela nokungavisisani ukuzalana womntu nohlobo bubonakala ukudideka lobomi lokugqibela. Kunye nohlobo ezenzo zakhe zingqondweni ungamandla nakuwubona. la mandla kuphela ndizinyathele ngokusebenzisa ingqondo yomntu. -Sobulumko babekholelwa ukuba "abantu kufuneka benze kwilizwe imvisiswano izinto ukuze apho." Nale Ukudaleka hlobo baguquka ezizenzekelayo ukuba ilawulwa ngabom.

umthetho jikelele

ifilosofi Russian, Russian Space Art ibiya kuba lee ngaphandle iingcamango Fyodorov ekuphunyezweni komthetho jikelele. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuvala umsantsa phakathi ubume kunye nendoda. Ngelo ummiselo efanayo psychophysiological ithetha ulawulo namandla ethu angaphakathi. I yangaphandle iqhubeka ukusuka umhlaba lo iphela yaye iquka amanyathelo aliqela:

1. ummiselo Meteoric (into - i-Earth).
2. astroregulyatsiya yemihlaba (into - inkqubo elanga).
3. Space (into - wendalo).

Ngenxa sicatshulwa ezi amanqanaba uluntu luya kumanyanisa yonke indalo star ezikhoyo. Ke kaloku, Russian Space Art njenge intsingiselo yentanda kuye kwavela kanye ngenxa yale mbono. Ngoko UNikolai Fedorovich unako ngokukhuselekileyo kubizwa yingqondi.

Nangona utopianism ka Fedorov iingcamango ezininzi, usebenzo Art Space (Russian) uthi uninzi lweengcamango yelifa lakhe: ulwazi projectivity kunye synthetism, ulawulo lobomi loluntu kunye neenkqubo zendalo, uqhagamshelwano olusondeleyo yokuziphatha kunye nolwazi, phambili yobomi bomntu, njalo-njalo ..

imigaqo emine Tsiolkovsky

nempembelelo ebalulekileyo Art Space-bulumko IsiRashiya uKonstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky. Waziwa ngokuba njengomntwana onengqondo yakuqala, a umlobi yesayensi, kwaye umshumayeli Astronautics kunye neentshukumo irula.

Tsiolkovsky wayekholelwa ukuba ihlabathi lethu ziyacaca kuphela kwindawo cosmic ngayo. elizayo hlabathi - yinto ukuhlolwa abantu. Yonke imisebenzi yethu kufuneka zijolise ekuphuculeni intsebenziswano phakathi va nomntu. Ukukhululwa eziphilayo ezikrelekrele ukusuka ukuxhomekeka ngokwemiqathango yokuhlala - olunye wemisebenzi eziphambili izinto zazivelela. Tsiolkovsky wayecinga ukuba ukuhlolwa kunokuba ndawonye abantu kwimeko ezifunekayo.

Kukho iqela lemigaqo-bulumko okusekelwe Tsiolkovsky. Russian Space Art nangoku .Bayavuma. Le migaqo emine. Makhe siqwalasele nabo ukuze ngokokubaluleka:

• Panpsihizm (nobuzaza ukuqondwa wendalo).
• Monism (Matter ngomnye, kunye neempawu zayo ziyafana).
• Umgaqo Infinity (ngamandla ingqondo cosmic kunye nendalo akupheli).
• Umgaqo self-zombutho (indalo ngokwayo yakha ubume yayo).

noosphere Vernadsky kaThixo

iingcamango ezininzi ziye zavela cosmism Russian Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky. Yena waba naturalist nje ezibalaseleyo, kodwa njengomntwana onengqondo ezibalulekileyo ngunozala thiyori ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila kunye inguqu lwalo noosphere.

VI Vernadsky, kunye nezinye abameli kwiindawo ezifana Russian Space Art, wayekholelwa ukuba uluntu inzululwazi kuwoyisa indalo kwaye babe noxanduva walo. Oku kuchazwe into yokuba "umsebenzi kubunzululwazi kuba ibonakalisa zejoloji umsebenzi womntu, yaye oko kuya kudala imeko ekhethekileyo ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila nokulungiselela ukuba angenise noosphere." sazi Last wayesazi ukuba ukwandisa indlela imihlaba ngumsebenzi wabantu elifanelekileyo ezijolise ekulondolozeni ubomi emhlabeni njengenxalenye ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila, uze emva koko kwindawo solar kwaye ngenxa yoko sele zingaphaya. Ngokutsho Vernadsky, kanye yendaleko walungisa ukungena abantu kweli Ixesha noosphere. Yimeko esingundoqo le nguqu - komdibaniso bume ubugcisa ukuphucula lulonke kakuhle-ntle yabantu.

umsebenzi Solar Chizhevskogo

ifilosofi Russian, Russian Space Art wafumana inkxaso ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi Aleksandra Leonidovicha Chizhevskogo, apho ke sasithetha malunga impembelelo umsebenzi solar kwi kwimbali yoluntu.

Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba kuphazamiseka revolution yenzeka amaxesha umsebenzi kakhulu ilanga. Le meko iyaphindwa emva kwesithuba kweminyaka eli-11. Ngenxa yoko, umjikelo-elinanye iqulathe lamathuba ezine:

• Ubuncinane excitability (iminyaka emi-3).
• Height excitability (kwiminyaka emi-2).
• Ukwanda ubuninzi excitability (iminyaka emi-3).
• Ukuhlisa i excitability (iminyaka emi-3).

theory Chizhevskogo ngeempembelelo izaqhwithi solar kwi ukuziphatha kwabantu abathile ngezimanga zentlalo ngoku zisasazwe ngokubanzi kakhulu.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke, siye ingqalelo Space Art Russian njenge utyekelo bulumko. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le ndoda wathabatha amakhulu eminyaka ukuba bafumane nenkangeleko elifanelekileyo, kunye ukwazi okunamandla ezizezabo yokomoya. Bedlula iqonga lehlabathi formative, senkcubeko yoluntu wavula iintlobo ezintsha zolwazi, ukudala amashishini amatsha kunye iimbono zeentanda-bulumko nenzululwazi.

Ngelo ngoku eqongeni, ngenxa yamava elidlulileyo, abantu sele endizibumbeleyo ngokwayo isakhiwo ecacileyo ukuchonga eziphambili omninzi oluncedo. Kodwa ke, njengokuba ngaphambili, siye na safumana iimpendulo kwimibuzo ngentsingiselo yobomi kunye umfanekiso kubhodi emhlabeni. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba abantu baya kusoloko notyekelo ukubonakalisa, ngoko kuya kusoloko iimfihlakalo, otgadki leyo yayingekabikho.