Resource okonga technology. technology Industrial. ithekhnoloji

kushishino Modern yokuzenzela dynamically kakhulu. Ngokungafaniyo neminyaka edlulileyo, oku yindlela olunzulu, kunye inxaxheba kuphuhliso lwenzululwazi yakutshanje. Ekuqakatheni resource-saving technology. Eli binzana libhekisela yonke inkqubo amanyathelo ejolise ekunciphiseni ebalulekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo ngexesha ilondoloza umgangatho ophezulu ezikumgangatho imveliso. Ngokusesikweni, zama ukufikelela ukusetyenziswa lisezantsi kangangoko kwinqanaba izinto ekrwada.

Imvelaphi yokuvezwa kakhulu

Nangona iinzame imibutho yezokusingqongileyo imithetho malunga ekucutheni kakhulu umonakalo ngabecandelo nokusingqongileyo, kunjalo. In Russia kuphela, umonakalo owenziwe ezikhutshwayo kwimizi kuqikelelwa kwi engange 150 billion ngonyaka, yaye US mzobo ngokupheleleyo kuthetha ukuba malunga ne-7% ye-GDP lwasekhaya!

amava World ibonisa ukuba abo iindleko ezenziweyo ukulungiselela iteknoloji resource okonga kwisigaba sokuqala ngokulandelwa nokuphunyezwa kwayo, akukho inokuthelekiseka kwinkcitho imiphumela sokulinganisa ukusetyenziswa iindlela lixesha kwaye emdaka imveliso. Imigaqo iindleko ezipheleleyo zobuchwepheshe obutsha ingadluli kwiminyaka emihlanu.

ingozi mkhulu kwamanani ngokuthe ngcembe kwezibonelelo zendalo. Ngokomzekelo, kwiminyaka nje engama-50 eyadlulayo, kungekhona ukuphuhlisa iidipozithi yentsimbi ekrwada, ukuba umxholo yesinyithi kubo ngaphantsi kwe 50-60%. Namhlanje siqale nezokukhupha esikrwada, apho hayi ngaphezulu kwe-30% metal.

Nkqu isiqulatho ash kwamalahle esetyenziswa TPP ngoku idlula-30%, lo gama i-60s, eli nani ayidluli-20%. Ezinye imizi kufuneka isetyenziselwe ngokushushubeza umbandela ekrwada, nto leyo ngaphezu kwe-55% ash umxholo. Ngaphezu koko, kwezinye iimeko sele iqalile i utsalo esebenzayo zempahla ekrwada, ethabathela zokulahla izinto kwangaphambili. Konke oku kwenza ukuba ukunyuka okukhulu isixa senkunkuma. Ngenxa yoko, ubuchwepheshe resource-saving kubaluleke gqitha, njengoko ivumela ushishino kunye noqoqosho lwesizwe ukuba kudliwe izinto ngaphantsi ekrwada, ukuvelisa iimveliso ngaphezulu.

Njani na kulondolozo lwezibonelelo?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukunciphisa ubungakanani bezibonelelo akuphelise ikhutshwa phandle kwakhona ngokusebenzisa izinto inkunkuma. Umzekelo, kwimveliso sobhedu njengangoku lusetyenziselwa yi hayi ngaphantsi kwe-30% ezilahliweyo precast ekwenziweni iphepha kuthathwa ukuya kwi-25% kwephepha inkunkuma. izinyithi Non-ayoni usebenzisa ubuncinane ama-20% phepha. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ubukhulu yotyalo-mali ukulungiselela ukuqaliswa ngokubanzi yokurisayikilisha izinto ezilahlwayo ubuchwepheshe ngqo kane ngaphantsi ekudalweni kwizakhiwo zoshishino ukuze lezemigodi.

Ngenxa yokuba asifanele imali ukuvelisa ngentsimbi, ezi bugcisa ukuvumela ubuncinane esisisinye kwisithathu zokunciphisa ungcoliseko wobushushu yokusingqongileyo. Ngamafutshane, oku kunciphisa effect yingozi. Ngokufutshane, utyalo kuphuhliso ezi inzuzo enkulu.

Oko kwenza ubugcisa resource-zokonga?

Okokuqala, nayiphi na iteknoloji resource-saving angafaka ukucutha ubuninzi benkunkuma kunye ezikhutshwayo kokusingqongileyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa ebandakanyekileyo ukuhluzwa iklorin aqulethe inkunkuma yemveliso metallurgical kwekhabhoni titanium chloride kokusingqongileyo liye lathotywa ngama-50%!

Kwiindawo ngaphambi kokuba aye kuhlala yi iinkunkuma zobugcisa okanye kugcwaliswa amadama ngamanzi, ubuchwepheshe yakutshanje ivumela free ngokupheleleyo kobutyobo kunye esetyenziselwa iinjongo zolonwabo. Ngokuzenzekelayo, wathumela lwenkunkuma unyango, eziquka i nobuninzi sulphur dioxide (kwi yokunyibilikisa isinyithi enye, umzekelo), nje kuphela kakhulu ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, kodwa kunciphisa kakhulu ubungakanani nesalfure ekuqaleni zaveliswa.

Kubalulekile ukuba ubugcisa ezintsha nokuphuhlisa isiseko ukuhluzwa inkunkuma polymeric: umzekelo, amandla ubushushu ezithile iitoni ezimbini neebhotile zeplastiki ye kuyafana ixabiso ton yamafutha ekrwada! Ngenxa yoko, ukudala isizukulwana esitsha okucoca, singakwazi ukufudumeza iminyaka kulawulo enkulu, usebenzisa trash yeplastiki kuphela lweetiphu ...

Makhe sithelekise ...

ixabiso kakhulu eliphezulu ukuba iiteknoloji ezintsha mveliso apha kushishino ngentsimbi ye. Ukuba ton metal zanyibilika, ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo (uthelekisa lokunyibilikisa nawo ore) yehliswe ngoko nangoko kwi-86% lemfuneko yamanzi kwi 76% ngaphantsi, kwaye isixa senkunkuma yehliswe ngoko nangoko nge-57%! Malunga umfanekiso efanayo ifunyenwe xa uthelekisa imveliso iphepha erisayikilishiweyo kunye ido- enyulu.

Musa ukulibala malunga nokusingqongileyo!

Ngenxa imeko yangoku kwintsimi lokusingqongileyo amagqabi kangako, bonke ubugcisa bale mihla kufuneka negalelo ekunciphiseni ezikhutshwayo ezingcolisa kwi-atmosfera. Ngenxa imeko namhlanje kuyafana Norilsk metallurgical kunye neminye imizi kuphela kwilizwe lethu kodwa ihlabathi jikelele, iiteknoloji zoshishino yamvanje kufuneka nje kuphela ukunika amathuba emisebenzi amawaka abantu kushishino enzima, kodwa ukukhusela impilo yabo.

Ngokusekelwe koko iindlela ezintsha zemveliso?

Okokuqala, wazithwala phandle ubunzima replacement ezisezantsi ezisemgangathweni izinto kunye nabo wesimanje, nto leyo ukuvelisa ubungakanani iimveliso kunye arcade games. Umzekelo, kwimveliso ipeyinti, le ndlela iye yakhokelela ekubeni ukutshintshwa iipeyinti ezisemgangathweni ngokusekelwe izinyibilikisi eziphilayo kwiimveliso ngamanzi-emanzini.

Kuba isiphelo-abasebenzisi kwakhona usebenziso imveliso walondoloza ezibalulekileyo ngaphandle thob yokusebenza yayo yoqobo. Umzekelo, ubungangamsha ukutshintshwa umboniso Polymer ephepheni kwi kwimeko enamathelayo. umgangatho wayo iye yahlala injalo, kodwa ke ubuninzi benkunkuma kunye ezikhutshwayo zawa kabukhali. Oku a ubugcisa resource-saving, imizekelo apho siya khona kweli nqaku.

Kakade ke, kubalulekile ukuba ukutshintsha inkqubo yokuvelisa ngokwayo, kangangokuba siyafana ukunikela mini-zokwenene. Ngoko ke, namhlanje, ukubaluleka ngakumbi nangakumbi encamathele kukhutshelo kwemveliso ukuya umjikelezo oqhubekayo kwemveliso kwimveliso. Le Isisombululo kakhulu ngakumbi ezithembisayo ngaphezu sokulumisa ngamaxesha athile kokuqala izixhobo, nto leyo sikhatshwa ukunyuka okukhulu ukukhutshwa kwezinto eziyingozi.

Linxulumene ngokusondeleyo oku kwakhona yimfuneko zokutshintshwa sokuvelisa izixhobo ezitsha odla ezisetyenziswa ngaphantsi, amafutha kunye abaza kuzisebenzisa. Ezinjalo ngcono kakhulu manufacturability resource-saving neteknoloji shishino. Oku kunceda nje zokucutha isixa senkunkuma, kodwa inegalelo kunciphiso kakhulu ixabiso le imveliso yokugqibela.

Iikhompyutha - kwinginginya!

Umzekelo, ezi ziquka CNC kunye nemigca yemveliso ngekhompyutha ngokupheleleyo, ezo ngokuchanileyo lininzi kunye nokusebenza unqanyulwe kumaqhekeza obuphathekayo iinkcukacha metal ezifunekayo. oomatshini ezifana (xa kuthelekiswa nemithi) ukunika ukuhla mali 50-80% lwenkunkuma. Kwakhona, musa ukuba ukhathazeke malunga umgangatho woqeqesho lwabasebenzi.

Qaphela ukuba ukusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe bale mihla kufuneka ukucinga nje kuphela ukucutha ubuninzi benkunkuma, kodwa yokugcina yabo ekhuselekileyo. Ukuya kwindawo yokugqibela kuquka ezi mfuno zilandelayo:

• Indawo izinto inkunkuma enobungozi akukho ndlela angangeni ukudibana kunye nokusingqongileyo.
• Yonke inkunkuma kufuneka zipakishwe ukuze kamva kwaba lula ukuthumela ukuba isetyenziswe.
• Ukuba nokurisayikilisha inkunkuma kwinqanaba ezikhoyo zobugcisa zobugcisa akwenzeki, kufuneka zidluliselwe kwi imeko apho yaba nefuthe kangako ezingalunganga (ukunyibilika imeko yiglasi zepetroli yenyukliya bachitha).
• Ngako oko, izikhongozeli zokugcina ixesha elide kufuneka ibe kancinane semngciphekweni umhlwa kunye nezinye izinto ezimbi yokusingqongileyo.

imizekelo eziphambili ubugcisa resource-okonga

Umzekelo classic kungathathwa ukucoca pyrolysis amalahle, imichiza, ubuchule lokubopha nsimbi, iindlela ialakalin umgquba processing apho kuvela amafutha nje kuphela kodwa isichumiso humic, mziba ukukhula kwezityalo. Zonke ezi "wandiyolisayo" zobugcisa akukho kakhulu kuphela ukwehlisa imali efunekayo ekuveliseni eemveliso ezikrwada, kodwa kwakhona ukunika eninzi ecaleni iimveliso esempilweni. Ingakumbi kumayelana ukuhluzwa umgquba, xa usebenzisa imichiza izinto zemihla ngemihla ekrwada izityalo amandla baze iziyobisi!

Imizekelo bio-chemical processing of a feedstock

Ukuba ucinga ukuba kuqaliswa ubuchwepheshe resource-okusindisa kwimveliso yezinto eziphilayo kuphela kuphela ukuba iindlela ezintsha zemveliso kwezithako eziphilayo esebenzayo kunye namayeza, ngoko bayaphazama kakhulu. Inqanaba yanamhlanje yophuhliso kobuchwepheshe kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kuzo nkqu kwishishini ngentsimbi ye.

Ngoko ke, namhlanje uya usebenzisa leaching iintsholongwane zesinyithi ukusuka ores xa ezinomthamo ubuncinane neziyobisi (iinkunkuma endala) ilawula ukufumana ezininzi ezikumgangatho ophezulu izinto, ngaphandle yokulihlambela inkunkuma ekukhuleni kwisithili sonke. Enye igciwane enomtsalane ke nezokukhupha zesinyithi ezixabisekileyo ezivela emanzini amdaka ...! Kwaye akukho nje malunga imveliso ziintsimbi, kodwa kwakhona kwi nokuqukuqela kwizixeko ezikhulu.

Ngenxa yoko, kuqaliswa ubuchwepheshe resource-saving olwahlula ngesidanga uphuhliso kuphela shishino kodwa kuluntu luphela. Ukulondoloza imeko-bume esingqongileyo, siya kulaa ngayo kubantwana babo.

Ukongeza, ngoncedo isixa esikhulu yokukhukuliswa ngayo sulphur zingafumaneka isuka kwizinga elisezantsi yamalahle ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ukuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba bubuphi enye into efanelekileyo ngokukhethekileyo. Hi ndlela leyi, kwilizwe lethu kwiminyaka yakutshanje luyakhuthazwa nobuchwepheshe unyango begazi yi lignite osezantsi-umgangatho, efunyanwa ukusuka kumhlaba olungileyo ngumntu.

zokwakha

Izinto oluqhelekilyo kwesakhiwo ngexesha bethu eziphathekayo ezinokwakheka luqiniswe. Kuphela kwilizwe lethu kulo nyaka zavelisa ngaphezu kweetoni kwezigidi 250. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba technology zokwakha mihla ubukhulu becala kwimithombo Ukonga uzakuwushiya ungajongwangwa ngexeshana xa zikhutshwa.

Conservation kwezibonelelo ekuvelisweni ufakelo lwesamente

Ingxaki kukuba eziphathekayo - a kakhulu amandla-olunzulu ukulungiselela ukuveliswa apho izinto bachitha isixa esikhulu umbane. Kwimveliso wemitha enye cubic nje bachitha kuphela amawaka 470. Kcal! Ukuba iinkqubo ekhala, okanye kwimeko apho kufuneka ukuba ugcwalise kwizakhiwo eziphathekayo kwindawo ethile kwisiza, iindleko zonke lingaba ngaphezu kwesigidi 1 kcal!

Sisazi ukuba uqoqosho lwesizwe ngonyaka kuthatha ubuncinane 12 lezigidi zeetoni ngekhonkrithi, ubugcisa umbane kunye resource-saving kwenza kube lula ukonga imali eninzi.

Ingxaki kakhulu okuphawulekayo overruns ixabiso elikhulu abakhi isamente. Kukho ezinye iindlela wokwenene ukulungisa le into. Okokuqala, izinto inkulu bahlule elifana neli kwimeko apho abakhi basebenzise lokubolekwa ephantsi-uphawu musa ukuhlangabezana injongo ethile. Ngoko ke, amaxesha amaninzi oko kwenzeka xa endaweni kwentlabathi eqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ASG.

Ubukhulu becala yinto enokwenzeka ukunciphisa iindleko ngokusebenzisa ongeziweyo, plasticizers, apho zifumaneka ngokubanzi kwi ndawo yokwakha yamazwe ngamazwe ngoku. plasticizer esemgangathweni kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa zesamente ngoko nangoko kwi-20%, iimpawu amandla kwesakhiwo sakhiwe ongachatshazelwa. Njengoko ubuchwepheshe zakutshanje shishino unako ukuvelisa amakhulu izibizo, ongeziweyo plasticizing kufuneka isetyenziswe nangayiphi na indlela efanelekileyo.

Ezinye iindleko zamandla

Xa yokugcina isothermal ngohlobo ngentsimbi we-cubic metre ngekhonkrithi "utya" hayi ngaphantsi kwe-60 amawaka. Kcal. Ukuba izixhobo unjengonetyala, ilahleko ubushushu kwandisa in a zejometri ukuqhubela phambili. Ngoko ke, kwezinye izityalo, eli nani ligqithe 200 lamawaka. Kcal we-cubic metre eziphathekayo. Ngaloo ndlela, kunokwenzeka ngaphezu izihlandlo ezithathu ukunciphisa kukutya kakhulu kwezibonelelo, kanye ngexesha elungisa izixhobo ezisetyenziswa ekuveliseni eziphathekayo.

Indlela ethembisa kakhulu ke ubushushu ngomxube plasticizable umbane (ebusika). Kule meko kungenzeka ukuba kunciphisa kakhulu hayi nje kuphela imali zesamente, kodwa umxube plasticizer.

Ezinye iindlela zokonga zesamente

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba indima embi kakhulu edlalwe iilahleko ezinkulu zesamente ngexesha yokuhamba yayo. Le nto kuyo nayiphi na imeko ayikwazi ezithunyelwa ngendlela evulekileyo, akuvumelekile kwingxinano rhoqo. ilahleko isamente ibe ngxilimbela, ukuba kuqala ukuluthwala elwandle, yaye emva koko akhutshelwa iqonga kaloliwe, kunye apho kumhlangula iinqwelo.

Ezi ilahleko zinakho ukuthintelwa kwiindawo ezikude ukuba awuthwale clinker lwesamente. Kunokuba ekwehliseni inani mda amaxesha. Xa umbandela unikelwa ukuya kwindawo yomsebenzi usile nje clinker ukufumana isamente ophezulu umgangatho kwi-mali efunekayo.

Kubaluleke kakhulu njengoko ukhetho ekunene amanqaku eziphathekayo ngaba oko ngokwenene kuzakutelekisa umsebenzi othile. Practice ibonisa ukuba bangaphezu-30% ye-ilahleko zesamente iyonke kwenzeka kwiimeko apho abakhi basebenzise ayilunganga uphawu eziphathekayo. Ngenxa yoko, kukho iimeko apho umsebenzi kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha ngokupheleleyo.

Ngoko ke, uphuhliso ubuchwepheshe bale mihla ukuze ugcine izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kuzo zonke amasebe yenzululwazi kunye noshishino. Ukungenisa iindlela ezintsha imveliso, singakwazi ukunciphisa isixa ezikhutshwayo eziyingozi nomoya namanzi, ukukhusela okusingqongileyo kuzo zonke izizukulwana ezizayo.