Purpura Thrombocytopenic abadala: sifo, izizathu kunye nonyango

purpura Thrombocytopenic abadala - yinto disorder enokukhokelela ukuvela ngokukhawuleza ukugruzuka ezinkulu ukopha. Njengoko umthetho, ilahleko igazi kungenxa ukuwa ngokugqithiseleyo zegazi count - iiseli ezinegalelo ekunqandeni yayo.

Eminye imithombo yalo ngezifo ukwabizwa ngokuba thrombocytopenia omzimba. Ichaphazela abantu abadala kunye nabantwana, kodwa izigulane abatsha abafana imeko ngokuqhelekileyo senzeka imvelaphi igciwane lohlobo usombulula ngokwayo ngaphandle imfuneko unyango olukhethekileyo. Xa abadala, esi sifo kukuba kwiimeko ezininzi lowo elide.

Ukuba unayo akukho zimpawu ukopha kunye zegazi ukubala, nangona ephantsi, kodwa ke, lo mgaqo, ngokwanelisayo, ugqirha ungathanda kakhulu akayi ukumisela unyango. Noko ke, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, inani zegazi ewela ubuncinane ebalulekileyo, ibangela ukopha lwangaphakathi ezisongela ubomi. Kuba unyango ezi iingxaki zifuna ungenelelo lonyango ngoko nangoko.

iimpawu

purpura Thrombocytopenic abadala (ingasentla) lusoloko sikhatshwe ekubonakalisweni yangaphandle sifo. Kwimeko iimpawu eziye ezi mpawu zilandelayo sisifo:

• ukwakheka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu lokutyunyuzwa enkulu (hematoma);
• ukopha phezulu kakhulu eluswini elijongeka ngezigigaba encinane, amabala abomvu-purple (petechiae) yaye yenzelwe ukuba kakhulu apha emilenzeni;
• ukopha evela iintsini okanye impumlo;
• ubukho igazi nomchamo okanye esitulweni;
• ukopha enzima ngokungaqhelekanga exesheni.

Xa ukubona ugqirha

purpura Thrombocytopenic abadala zinokuba inkxalabo kakhulu, kwaye kule meko ke kungcono ukwenza idinga kwangaphambili ukuba oyingcali ofanelekileyo.

Ukuba waqala wopha, ukubiza "inqwelo yezigulana." Gumbini le ukopha sifo awukwazi kulawulwa eqhelekileyo ukusuka kwikhithi ekhaya okanye iindlela ezithile yokumpompoza kwegazi iyayeka. Umzekelo, akusayi kunceda uxinzelelo ebonakalayo kwindawo efanelekileyo umzimba. Iingcali Siyaleza ukujikela uncedo loogqirha ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

izizathu

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura abadala maxa wambi andise kuba amajoni omzimba ehlasela ngempazamo umzimba alitshabalalise ziiplatelets. Igama elithi "idiopathic" lithetha "savela ngenxa elingaziwa ngesizathu"; thrombocytopenia ngoko elichaza kwiimeko apho oogqirha abakwazi ukufumanisa oko izakufunyanwa indlela ngokwaneleyo yamajoni omzimba.

Abantwana ukubeka ngezifo ngasemva ngokuqhelekileyo kulula, ekubeni sigulo ukuba kakhulu kwe sisifo esosulelayo (mumps okanye umkhuhlane). Kuthathwa ukuba usuleleko kuphazamisa eqhelekileyo yokusebenza kwamajoni omzimba.

Yandisa zegazi sokonakalisa

Ukuba uxilongo lokuqala iba purpura thrombocytopenic abadala, ikliniki (ezibonisa lwezonyango) idityanisiwe, ngokuqhelekileyo nokuphazamiseka omzimba. Omzimba qhoboshela zegazi, phawula them njengoko iiseli ukuba kutshatyalaliswa. Spleen yenzelwe ukujongana izifo zangaphandle, lo lomzimba siyaluqonda, kwaye lisusa zegazi emzimbeni. Ngenxa yale ukuthathelwa ingqalelo eziphosakeleyo kwigazi ujikeleza inani elincinci kakhulu zegazi xa kuthelekiswa eqhelekileyo.

ukubalwa zegazi Eqhelekileyo zisukela iiseli 150 ukuya 450 lamawaka microliter of elijikeleza igazi nganye. Abantu unesifo uhlalutyo (abantu abadala) "purpura thrombocytopenic" ityhila iiseli 20,000 kuphela efunekayo. Ekubeni zegazi ukukhuthaza igazi ekunqandeni, ukunciphisa inani labo kwandisa umngcipheko ukopha kunye yophela ngaphakathi. Inqanaba amawaka 10 wawubulala cell. Ekwehleni kakhulu kwindawo inani zegazi legazi lwangaphakathi ekwaziyo ukuqala nangona trauma.

ubungozi

purpura Thrombocytopenic abadala (Ifoto ezisetyenziswa ekuqaleni kweli nqaku, sibonisa wabonakala zangaphandle lwesifo) ufumaneka kuyo nayiphi na ubudala, Noko ke, izazinzulu ziye zachongwa ezimbini ubungozi ukuba ezandisa amathuba yokuphuhlisa iimpawu sifo. Zezi:

• ungubani ngokwesondo. Kwabasetyhini, esi sifo banesifo kwi amaxesha avareji ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu rhoqo kunamadoda.
• Kutshanje, isifo wentsholongwane esosulelayo. Uqilikwane, imasisi kunye izifo zemiphunga kungakhokelela imbonakalo iimpawu uphawu thrombocytopenia, kodwa ulwalamano kunye iintsholongwane ezifumaneka kakhulu ebantwaneni.

Oko kufuneka umntu alumkele umngcipheko iingxaki. Eyona nto kakhulu kubo - oku legazi ebuchotsheni, nto leyo lunokubulala.

ukukhulelwa

Nangona purpura thrombocytopenic abadala sifo nokuba abafazi abakhulelweyo, ubume bempilo usana olo leengxaki unina kwiimeko ezininzi ayiphazamiseki. Iingcali, Noko ke, kucetyiswa ukuba ukujonga umgangatho zegazi egazini umntwana ngoko nangoko emva kokuzalwa.

Ukuba ngaba ukhulelwe, kodwa iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuhla count zegazi, usengozini njengoko amathuba indawo olomeleleyo Kukudandatheka ukopha uphezulu kakhulu. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kukho ugqirha okanye isibhedlele, oogqirha kufuneka baxoxe nawe amayeza ezikhoyo zikhuselekile kubantwana.

ekuxilongweni

Ugqirha wayekwazi ukwenza ukuxilongwa "purpura thrombocytopenic" (abantu abadala), uphethwe kufuneka kwenziwe kwi siseko umahluko. Kufuneka ube nangoko alawule ezinye izinto ezibangela ukopha kunokwenzeka kunye nokunciphisa inani zegazi - izifo umz, ezinganyangekiyo okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga iziyobisi kwenziwa nguwe.

Yingcali iza kubuza imibuzo malunga ngembali yakho yezonyango, uya kuvelisa uvavanyo lonyango lokuqala liya kunyula omnye okanye ngaphezulu iimvavanyo umgangatho diagnostic. Le yokugqibela ziquka:

• Gqibezela wegazi. Ngokusekelwe kwi isampuli ethatyathiweyo kwigazi isigulana ugqibe umlinganiselo lulonke egazi, kwaye inani elithile ziiplatelets. Xa thrombocytopenia parameter wokugqibela kuphantsi ngendlela engaqhelekanga, nangona yokuba amanqanaba iiseli ezimhlophe kunye ebomvu igazi liya kuhlala ku avareji.
• Uhlalutyo lwezonyango igazi. Olu phando lidla eyenziwa ukuqinisekisa umgangatho zegazi ezifunyenwe uhlalutyo igazi iyonke. A ndlovu isigulane obekwe kwi iglasi kwisilayidi ekhethekileyo ancinwe ngemicroscope.
• Uhlalutyo wamathambo. Le ndlela uphando kucetyiswa kuphela izigulane abadala unesifo yangaphambili "purpura thrombocytopenic" (abadala eziphendula isiganeko loo ngokwaneleyo ngakumbi, ukuba kube lula ukuzinyamezela le nkqubo).

Zegazi ziveliswa wamathambo - soft, izicwili nomsi- embindini amathambo ezinkulu. Kwezinye iimeko, ugqirha angasusa isampuli esiqwini bone ibekwe ngaphakathi umongo wethambo indlela biopsy. Ezinye iingcali ukhetha ukuthatha iisampuli uhlalutyo yinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba "Eskom," uze ndakhutshwa umongo ithambo inxalenye kuphela ingxenye engamanzi. Amaninzi, iinkqubo ezimbini kwenziwa ngaxeshanye kwaye ngokuhlangeneyo ngokuba "uhlalutyo umongo wethambo."

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic lomongo wethambo purpura ukhululekile ezimbi, njengokuba ukuncipha zegazi kubangelwa ukutshatyalaliswa iiseli kwemithambo yegazi kunye nokuphazamiseka le udakada kwaye akukho iingxaki imveliso ziiplatelets.

unyango

Easy thrombocytopenic purpura abadala, oonobangela apho ngokuthembekileyo lusekiwe, ngokuqhelekileyo akafuni kufuna unyango oluthile - rhoqo wabonwa ngugqirha, yaye kumaxesha ngamaxesha ukukhangela kwinqanaba ziiplatelets. Abantwana phantse ze kufuna unyango, kunye nonxunguphalo ubaleka ngokwalo. Abantu abadala, Noko ke, unokufuna ukuba unyango olusebenzayo ukuba imeko iye kakhulu okanye ixesha elide (chronic) umlinganiswa.

Iindlela unyango ahlukeneyo ziyahluka ukusuka ekukhuleni amayeza ekukhuthazeni zegazi count phambi utyando ukususa udakada (splenectomy). Kucetyiswa ukuba uxoxe nogqirha wakho kwangethuba iinketho zonyango kunye eluncedo nengeloncedo nokusebenza. Ezinye izigulane bafumanise ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ekuthabatheni amayeza kubahlangula inkxamleko ngaphezulu kuhlolwe ngaphezu neziphumo kanye esi sifo.

amayeza

Ugqirha uza kuxoxa nawe iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwaye umthamo amayeza kunye nezongezo zokutya ukuba uthatha ngalo mzuzu. Mhlawumbi abanye babo uncedo ekunciphiseni amanqanaba zegazi egazini elijikeleza. Ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga abe aspirin, "ibuprofen", "Ginkgo biloba" yaye "Warfarin".

Uluhlu main

Xa uxilongo ingqinwa "purpura thrombocytopenic" kubantu abadala, unyango kusenokuquka ngokuthatha amayeza zilandelayo:

1. Imithi ukuba gqiba amajoni omzimba. izigulane abaninzi kunyango ekuqaleni alahlwayo corticosteroids zomlomo ezifana "Prednisone". Ukunciphisa umsebenzi amajoni omzimba, eli chiza ikhuthaza zegazi count. Xa kwinqanaba iyonke sele ifikelele kumgangatho owamkelekileyo, ziya kuba phantsi kweliso gqirha ngokuthe ngcembe bayayeka ukuthatha amayeza. Ikhosi ye unyango kuthatha ukusuka kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintandathu.

Ingxaki kukuba purpura thrombocytopenic abadala, iimpawu elafikayo ambhangise emva kokufumana "Prednisone" kubuya ekupheleni unyango. Oogqirha ngokuqhelekileyo amisele ikhosi entsha corticosteroids, nangona kunjalo, oku unyango ayikwazi Malivelise ngonaphakade ngenxa yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu yale hlobo amayeza. Xa libanda, kunokwenzeka cataract, ukwanda amaqondo eswekile yegazi, ukwanda umngcipheko kwezifo ezosulelayo kwamathambo (buthathaka amathambo).

2. Inaliti ukwandisa inani elipheleleyo egazi. Ukuba corticosteroids awakuncedi, oogqirha ukumisela kongezwa globulin omzimba. Eli chiza lisetyenziswa kwiimeko apho isigulane lwabonisa ukopha kakhulu ukuba ufuna ukungenelela yotyando. Le nguqu ihlala eziliqela iiveki. Phakathi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunokwenzeka - yintloko, ukugabha, kunye wegazi.

3. imixube ukukhawulezisa imveliso zegazi. Iziyobisi ezifana "Romiplostim" yaye "Eltrombopag" ( "PROMAKTIV"), inceda ukuba umongo ukuvelisa ziiplatelets ngaphezulu. Xa uhlobo yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga abe yintloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, isicaphucaphu nokugabha.

4. immunosuppressants Okunye. "Rituximab" ( "Rituxan ') kunciphisa ubunzulu impendulo engaqhelekanga kwamajoni omzimba leyo ebangela a zegazi eziqhelekileyo kutshatyalaliswa. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga Potential ziquka irhashalala, wegazi, ifiva, nomqala obuhlungu.

Ukuba amachiza asinamandla

Ukuba (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha musa kunceda ngesondlo abadala ngokungqinelana nemigaqo indlela yokuphila esempilweni, uphambuke ezintethweni utywala kunye nokuthatha amayeza ukuphelisa le ngxaki) kwakho phambili purpura thrombocytopenic, ugqirha angase akukhuthaze uqhaqho. Ukususwa le udakada (splenectomy) ishenxisa ngokukhawuleza ngezifo, njengoko ugqirha usika ingumtshabalalisi omkhulu ziiplatelets. Khumbula ke, ukuba uya kuba semngciphekweni kubunzima postoperative. Ukongezelela, abantu ngaphandle udakada rhoqo kwandisa amathuba wokosulelwa zizifo ezosulelayo ngayo.

iindlela ezizezinye

Ukuba, impilo okanye ezinye izizathu, unako ukuthenga utyando, yingcali unakho ukumisela ukwamkelwa amayeza amatsha - umzekelo, "azathioprine" ( "Azathioprine", "Azasan"). Kodwa iziyobisi eyingozi kakhulu ukubandakanya imiphumela emibi ngakumbi. "Azathioprine", ingakumbi, ebangela ukwanda lobushushu emzimbeni, intloko ebuhlungu, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, kunye neentlungu kwezihlunu.

Nge gadalala ezingapheliyo

Wena uxilongwe "purpura thrombocytopenic"? Xa abadala, ukwenzeka kwale sifo kufuna utshintsho yokuphila. Ekubeni sifo kunye nengozi eyonyukileyo ukopha, kuphephe ezemidlalo zoqhagamshelwano ezinokuba yingozi (amanqindi, ikarati, ekhatywayo) nendlela ukuthatha unonophelo umzimba wakhe.