Price luthambe ebango: formula okufunyanisiweyo

Imarike kuyinto ubudlelwane phakathi abathengi nabathengisi. Xa microeconomics, ukuziphatha kwabo luphawulwa imveliso kunye nemfuneko, ngokulandelelana kwazo. Kwezoshishino, kubalulekile ukuba uqikelelo zombini iparameters inzuzo. Kumthengi ngaphambi kokuba uthenge okulungileyo ihlola eziliqela: ixabiso, ukufumaneka kwemali kunye nemfuneko yale mveliso. Ukuxhomekeka yexabiso leempahla kwi yokuziphatha kwabathengi imisela ixabiso luthambe ebango. Ifomula ubonisa indlela ityala iya kuchaphazela result meko.

umthengi abasabela utshintsho ixabiso

Iinjongo umntu ukuba athenge into ethile, umzekelo, ngokusebenzisa ivenkile online, bancipha le yokuba kuchongwe into ethile (ube tablet) itsalelwa websites ezithile ukuyisombulula le modeli ezikhethiweyo ukwenzela ixabiso. Njengoko umthetho, ukuba ipleyiti yaziswa kweli lizwe yonke imithetho amasiko, akuyi kuya kwahluka kakhulu iindleko zokuthenga. Ngokwendalo, umthengi ikhetha ikhompyutha ephathwayo, ixabiso apho ziya kuba ncinci.

Eli tyala umzekelo ethe owabizwa microeconomics ngokuba "ixabiso luthambe ebango." Ifomula yale index ichaza wobeka phi ngaphezulu / ngaphantsi bekuya kuba ukuthatha umthengi iimpahla, ukuba kuhle umthengisi ukutshintsha ixabiso.

Ityala eli cwecwe ichaza imfuno ilastiki. Ngenxa inani elikhulu kwezinye computing abantu mobile aya kuyinyula lowo exabisa (ngesizathu) zitshiphu ngaphezu kwabanye.

Ukungabikho ezinye

Phantsi eli qela iimveliso ngokuxhomekeke kwiindidi eziliqela. Iqela lokuqala luquka iinzuzo abangakwaziyo indawo, ezifana netyuwa, insulin, kwaye eyesibini - nezinto zodidi: umyili iimpahla kwi ukukhululwa enye. Ezi udidi ezimbini kumda.

Ukuba ukwandisa ixabiso ipasela wetyuwa, abantu bayayeka ukuthenga ngayo. Ngapha koko, hayi nje ukungcamla izitya, kodwa naye ukubola, ngoko ebudeni beminyaka yemfazwe yokuthandwa yayo iye phezulu.

Le yesibini non-enye didi - nezinto zodidi. Umzekelo, ingxowa ingcibi wesikhumba nengwenya. Uya kufumana abo bantu babe mali yale kuthenga akayi kutshintsha. Oku abathengi-high imveliso, ixabiso yabo ayibalulekanga.

Kuzo zombini ezi meko, imfuno luchazwa akukho elastic. Yaye uya ziziphathe njani umthengi ngexabiso elimisiweyo okulungileyo, kodwa ebudeni ukukhula / ulandule-mali zobuqu? Kulo mzekelo ingqalelo ingeniso luthambe, ifomula apho limisela imfuneko imveliso ethile yabantu.

Products ekumgangatho ophezulu nezisezantsi

Oku kungasentla ezicatshulweyo imizekelo ukutshintsha indlela izenzo womntu, xa iindleko iqela elithile iimveliso landa. Kodwa ke, ngo microeconomics nokuqwalasela neminye imiba (njengeyo-) ezichaphazela utshintsho iimpawu emarikeni - sonikezelo kunye nemfuno. Enye ezinjalo onefuthe ngayo imali.

Isalathisi - luthambe abanomvuzo fomula kubonakaliswa njengoko umlinganiselo imveliso asabela ukuba imfuno yenguqu imivuzo umthengi yeyona uvavanyo litmus ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho elungileyo.

Ukuba ixabiso ubalwe bude ngaphantsi kwe-0, ngoko ingqalelo iimpahla ukuba ezikumgangatho ophantsi. Xa uluhlu ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya ku-1 - ingeniso elungileyo, nonelastic (amafutha, ukutya). Ukufunda ngentla 0 ababalasele iqela umgangatho weemveliso.

Types of yokufunwa ixabiso

Ngoko ke, lo okubuyela kwimo (E) ithathwa ngesalathisi ukuba ingachazwa unobangela nefuthe phando. Kodwa njani oko? Umzekelo, ethelekisa izinto ezimbini - ubisi kunye ham, ayinakuze ithelekiswe ukuya uphando, ukuba ixabiso yezinto ezimbini linyuke engange-20. Ukwanda ixabiso lobisi iya kubonakala ngakumbi wokuqala ka ixabiso layo. Ngokuba lo lomlingani nemfuno okubuyela kwimo (EQ) iqulathe ipesenti lomba utshintsho ezimbini.

Ukubaluleka kuxhomekeke luthambe modulus.

• C wawa ku -1%, MA zinyuke nge-0.5%. Le luthambe yesinyanzeliso phantsi meko: E = 0.5 * -1 = -0.5. Izinga ngaphantsi kwe-1, ngoko imfuno inelastic.
• C wawa ku -1%, MA kunyuke nge-3%. E = 3 * -1 = -3. Ukuziphatha elastic zabantu abathenge nazo;
• C wawa ku -1%, MA kunyuke nge-1%. E = 1 * -1 = -1. Unit (kisekiyo) luthambe.

Oku kubalulekile ukwazi uhlobo ebango?

Index - ixabiso luthambe ebango, ifomula yayo eboniswe ngasentla, efunekayo nawuphi na umsebenzi olujoliswe ekwenzeni inzuzo. Ukuthi qumrhu ibandakanyeka ngokuthengiswa kweempahla okanye neenkonzo. Xa umisela ixabiso waqonda okanye iimpahla self-bagqibileyo, imeko iphambili urhwebo olusebenzayo. Umzekelo, kwi uhlobo bhetyebhetye iimveliso uyakwazi ukuyila imeko ezinxulumene nokuhla kwamaxabiso. Le ngeniso iza kunyuka izihlandlo eziliqela ixabiso lokuqala ngokuthi ekutsaleni inani elikhulu abathengi.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha imfuno inelastic ukuba angaba elastic. Kwaye enye yokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto kuya kubangela ilahleko kwindawo yokugcina ishishini. Ngokomzekelo, ipetroli. Nokufika kweminye imithombo iimoto zombane kunye nemfuno olu hlobo amafutha lifinyele. Ngoku, xa kusenziwa, kucacile ukuba iindleko zegolide black umphanda lehla laya kutsho kwiminyaka engamashumi eyadlulayo amaxabiso. Lo ngumzekelo we iimpahla akwi imfuno inelastic kwakuthetha ixabiso ijikwe ibe elastic.

Ngoko ke, lo ixabiso luthambe ebango - ukubala ifomula, izalathisi kunye nocazululo - kubalulekile ukuba wonke amashishini.

Ukuba nokwenzeka practice: athi

Kwaye umzekelo kwakhona. Iindleko ofika osheyka kunyaka ophelileyo ikhilogram ngamnye kwaba engange 500, kulo nyaka kubiza 600 engange. Indlela ukufumanisa ipesenti inguqu kwixabiso? Ukulungiselela le njongo, kukho formula Izinga lokukhula: (Ts2 - TS1) / TS1 * 100%.

It wafumana: 600-500 / 500 * 100% = 20%.

Ukuba ubhala ukuxhomekeka efanayo kunye nomthamo, uze bambeli nembonakalo ixabiso luthambe yebango, ifomula uzakufumana ifomu kulandelayo:

E = ((Ob2-Ob1) / (C2-TS1)) * TS1 / Ob1.

Eli binzana ufumana igama layo, indawo ifomula luthambe ebango.

Nezimo practice: umfanekiso graphic

Ukuxhomekeka kwentengiso kwi yexabiso leempahla. Ngaxa A ixabiso elungileyo ulingana engange-80, kunye nabantu kwethuba eliphantsi kwengqwalaselo, iiyunithi 50 iimpahla ezithengiweyo. Xa umnini yehlisa ixabiso ukuya engange-40, intengiso lenyuka nakwiiyunithi ze-100. Kufakwe amanani kwifomula indawo luthambe, ukufumana 2. Ngoko, imveliso guquka kakhulu kwaye sizamkele kuye, ukuze ukunyusa ingeniso. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ingentla iye iziphene.

Kwimeko imizekelo apho kwindawo yokuqala (original) liya kuququzelela B, kwaye emva kokuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso - kwindawo A, i luthambe ifunyenwe ngaphantsi kwe 1. Oko kukuthi, kuxhomekeke ukuba emke kwindawo A B okanye ngenye indlela, ukufumana amaxabiso ezahlukeneyo luthambe ebango . Ngoko ke, abezoqoqosho, kwagqitywa ekubeni ixabiso ixabiso lokuqala (TS1) nomthamo (Ob1) ukutshintsha umyinge index. Oko kukuthi, C ₁ = C ₂ + C _{1/2 no-1} = On On Ngomhla ₂ + _1/2. Ukuba ukubuyisela kwindawo luthambe yesibini imin lokubala eliguqukayo yokuthetha, esifumana i arc formula luthambe ebango:

E = ((Ob2-Ob1) / (C2-TS1)) * ((+ Ob2 Ob1) / (C2 + TS1)).

Ixabiso ibonisa luthambe avareji kwi arc phakathi ngokwamanqaku uququzelelo ka A no-B

Lula interchangeable, iinzuzo edibanayo

Ekuhlalutyeni yokuziphatha kwabathengi malunga kwimveliso X abaphathi zoshishino athabathe nakuwo ingqalelo utshintsho kwixabiso W. iimpahla Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, esi sixhobo owenza umnqamlezo-luthambe ebango. Isalathisi Formula lulwahlulo kwemfuneko imveliso indlela neenguqu kwamaxabiso ezinye W. impahla Ngokuqhelekileyo, akukho namnye othi ukuziphatha abathengi iimveliso zobisi ukuya inguqu kwixabiso kweekhemikhali ndyangu. Oku kusebenza iindidi interchangeable kunye oluncedisanayo kweempahla.

Kukho ezi zinto zilandelayo kwimfuno zabo, kuxhomekeke ixabiso:

• impahla Kubalulekile. Ngokomzekelo, insulin. Kulo mzekelo, imfuno akazange elastic.
• iinzuzo iyavumelana: cream nekofu; ioli motor kunye neemoto. Luthambe ezingaphantsi kwe-1.
• Ngokuba impahla ababambeleyo luphawulwa luthambe ebango ukuba mkhulu 1. Ukuba ukunyuka kwexabiso, umzekelo, kunye nekhulu ekhulwini isiqulatho coffee arabica, abantu baya kuqalisa ukuthenga isiselo kongezwe robusta. Nangona yokuthengisa ye yokuqala iya kuncitshiswa.

Ezi fomyula zisetyenziswa iifemu ukuba ahlaziye nkqubo kwamaxabiso, kwaye urhulumente - kwinkonzo mali kunye nengqesho.