Media - ulwazi lwahlwayelwa eendaba mass

Broadcast, okt ukutshintshwa kolwazi ngexesha elifanayo inxalenye enkulu yabantu - oko media mass. Olu lwazi, eli ababengengabo lonke ulwazi loluntu, kunye inxalenye esetyenziselwa orientation, ulawulo okanye inyathelo esebenzayo ukwenzela uphuhliso, ukuphuculwa kunye nolondolozo ingakumbi zonke iinkqubo zonxibelelwano. Yeendlela ezisezantsi ejikeleza loluntu uya ulwazi loluntu, leyo iqulathe imiyalezo, ulwazi kunye nolwazi malunga nenkqubo ekuhlaleni elinikiweyo.

Iiyantlukwano eendaba ezizodwa

imigangatho yokwazisa zihlukaniswe yokusebenzisana uqheliselo: nokusebenza ngqo - ubunzima, kwaye ufuna nekhono lokuhlaziya - ezizodwa. Kwakhona ngokwemiqathango lolwazi, kukho amanqanaba amabini - kunye namajelo eendaba ezizodwa. Olu lwazi ukuba ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, sinokuthi - beluphindwe mass. Oku kufuna ingqalelo oluneenkcukacha, ngenxa yokuba ngokuqinisekileyo elinexabiso njengecandelo central, umzekelo, kucholacholo lweendaba, unomathotholo nomabonwakude.

Kukho ibimele ukuba ungayisebenzisa njengendlela izinto ukuqala ukwenza ukwazi abaninzi. Kwenzeka ntoni, nangona zonke imithetho ezingqondweni okugqithileyo ukhandwa umxholo, oko kukuthi, izenzakalo ubomi lwentlalo, nto leyo ibonakalisa kuphela mass media. Olu lwazi ukuba kubalulekile ndivuka uthethathethwano yoluntu, ukuba akukho ndlela inxulumene ingcali.

Inkululeko Press

Inkululeko yokubhala, oko kukuthi, ukusebenza elizimeleyo eendaba, kufuneka sisekelo kwilizwe ngalinye. Inkululeko eendaba - ethile ingqiqo ebanzi, nto leyo ithathwa kwi amalungelo ezopolitiko ofanayo bonke abemi ukuseka indlela nokusasazwa naziphi iimveliso ulwazi ngokupheleleyo.

Lo amalungelo yokuqala siseko ngamnye njengenxalenye umthetho woluntu, nto leyo inkululeko kumajelo eendaba. Kuba okokuqala la malungelo babantu kuvakaliswe ka1789 balinqabisa Declaration French. Uphuhliso eendaba kuye kukhokelele ekubeni imithetho efanelekileyo zamkelwa kumazwe wedemokhrasi.

umthetho Media kwi Russian Federation

Ukubaluleka ngoko nangoko emva kokwamkelwa woMthetho Media ukupheliswa iSABC, oko kukuthi, amagosa awanalo ilungelo lokufuna ukuba imvume kwangaphambili izinto umhleli. Ezi meko zinje kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini yayikhona kuphela ukususela 1917 ukuya 1922, kunye noMthetho RF elilandelayo kumajelo mass kweminyaka kuphela emva 68 - ngo-1991.

Izilungiso umthetho yangoku yaqala ukusebenza ngo-Septemba ka-2012: kuzo kukho intetho malunga silumkiso ulwazi yingozi kwimpilo kunye nophuhliso yobudala abantwana. Ngaphezu koko, umthetho Russian kwi kumajelo eendaba Inqaku la-25 wafumana into entsha lwaphulo kwabeendaba kwiimeko zokugxojwa esi sigqibo, kwaye inqaku 27-th yongezwe ulwazi malunga nezithintelo ubudala ukuba amajelo eendaba kufuneka ukuba ingxelo ukubonisa ifilimu.

izithintelo

NgoFebruwari 2016, umthetho phezu kumajelo mass inyanzelisa iLand abantu basemzini ngokusemthethweni (kunye elikabini ngummi baseRashiya - kwakunye) kwi elikomkhulu kumajelo Russian, kwaye ngoku bayakwazi ukuyilawula ngokungqalileyo okanye ngokungangqalanga okanye ngaphezulu kwama-20 ekhulwini ezabelo okanye izabelo. Ekuqaleni kakhulu, kwakukho umda - ukuya ku-50 ekhulwini, kodwa kuphela izikhululo zikanomathotholo kunye nomabonakude. Oku kungenxa imfazwe iinkcukacha ezintsha nxamnye neRashiya, ngokunjalo deofshorizatsiey kuqoqosho lweli.

market Media kuhlolwa inani azichaphazeleki koku eendaba utshintsho-35% yemali iyonke mali esetyenziswa yi kumajelo Russian. Olu lwazi ezifunyenwe yi-avareji kwentelekelelo ezahlukeneyo. Okunxulumene ukwamkelwa kolu xwebhu kungenzeka lowu Forbes kunye iphephandaba "Vedomosti 'ukuba phantse eyayikhona ngomhla eyinkunzi angaphandle, sabhala ngokubanzi malunga nemiba yezentlalo, ezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo umhleli oluqhutywa ngokuzimeleyo yi amagunya Russian, loo nto kulawula ngokutsho abatyali mali.

iintlobo zemidiya

Abamajelo eendaba - igunya lakhe lokusibekela na uluntu unxibelelwano, kusetyenziswa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zobugcisa zokuqokelela, ukwenziwa kunye nokuhanjiswa emva lemiyalezo kubaphulaphuli abaninzi.

Akunakuze igama ngokuvumelana namaxwebhu omthetho we-Russian Federation:

• ngamaxesha athile;
• kukufuma-;
• amajelo TV;
• radio;
• iinkqubo TV;
• iiprogram zeradiyo;
• video;
• iinkqubo newsreel;
• naluphi na olunye uhlobo eendaba athile zihanjiswa igama esisigxina.

lo Yonke wabiza eendaba - kumajelo eendaba, wafumana lo gama i-70 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela.

Media Area of lonikezelo

Iingingqi apho eendaba zisasazwa kuya kuxhomekeka ngokwahlulwa olawulo karhulumente ethile. Isalathisi engundoqo indlela yokuhlela ukuba isasaze kumajelo eluntwini, oko onyamekela umhlaba hayi indawo ncwadi. Ngenxa yoko, nathi ukuchonga inani sub-Iiklasi:

• bezizwe ngezizwe imidiya (isikali ngezizwe, oko kukuthi, emdeni kumazwe amaninzi);
• osasazo kazwelonke (osebenza kurhulumente okanye inxalenye enkulu yayo);
• media lwengingqi (kwendawo yayo iyunithi eyahlukileyo yolawulo yelizwe okanye inxalenye abunjwe ngokwembali kwayo, iimpawu uphawu abo okanye ezinye - zeAltai, Yuzhnyy phambene kunye Western eSiberia);
• abezindaba (kwisithili, isixeko, corporate, njalo njalo).

Abaphulaphuli angathanda ezoyisayo eendaba zommandla bonke abanye, kwaye oku kubangelwa ikakhulu yokuba abahleli yalapho yayidla ithathele ingqalelo iimfuno eziphambili labemi, namaxabiso kubo ngakumbi lwentando yesininzi.

Umyalelo we-arhente lwemidiya

Amajelo osasazo ke imithombo ekhoyo ekusekweni zombini amaqumrhu asemthethweni kunye nabantu, kunye neentsilelo kule Awunayo uluhlu olubanzi.

Umyalelo Russian yobhaliso amaziko eendaba, oko kwahlukile-mvume ukuba ngaphantsi ngqongqo, abasemagunyeni olawulo zaku- isicelo sokusekwa yeziko, wabeka umzimba kwi akhawunti. Nokurekhoda kunye nemfuneko ukuba mvume ukusasaza.

ababukeli media

Nokwanda kwamajelo mass inokwenziwa kuxhomekeke kuxhomekeka kugqaliso: ezizodwa ngento ethile kwaye zikhokelwa yinxalenye ethile nabaphulaphuli, kwabeendaba kunye nokuqhelaniswa jikelele zingasasazwa kakhulu ngokubanzi. Ukuba abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe ichazwa ngokucacileyo, injongo msebenzi ishishini ziza kuphunyezwa, kunye nophuhliso eendaba ziya kufumana uzinzo ethile.

izifundo yokuhlalisana yafumanisa ukuba kwiimeko ezininzi, nkqu zintatheli ngokwazo Ingqondo ngokwaneleyo ezaneleyo yabaphulaphuli bekhonza, musa ukuqonda, kuba lowo zingaxelwanga abo okanye enye incwadi. Ngoko ke, izinto badla depersonalized, avareji, kunye namajelo ngokwawo - eendaba - ayafana omnye komnye.

kusemthethweni media

Ubudlelwane phakathi imithetho ekhoyo kunye majelo nomahluko ngokuxhomekeke yintoni indima kumajelo eendaba kwimeko nganye. Ngoko ke, kukho eendaba uyakuvumela ngumthetho, obhalise waza wafumana imvume ukusasaza okanye ukushicilelwa. La media zomthetho. Kodwa ulwazi maxa wambi miqulu eselugcinwe yokuzibophelela ngokomthetho mass - inkcukacha esalelweyo, kwaye akuvumelekanga ngomthetho eli lizwe. Uhlobo lwesithathu eendaba - mthethweni, ukuba liyathintelwa ngumthetho, kodwa waqhubeka ukusebenza.

Translations into ekubhobhozeni mthethweni kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa kurhoxiswe kweelayisenisi zosasazo, izatifikethi zobhaliso kunye namaxwebhu efanayo. Izizathu inokuba nomahluko kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, amanye amajelo baye ngokoqobo gadalala inkululeko lolwazi, ukungenisa abaphulaphuli kuphela zilahlekile, kodwa musa eya okanye ukunyelisa, okanye labo ngabom ngurhulumente kabani kummandla apho. Kukho kwakhona Uhlobo lwesine eendaba kwi semthethweni: ngamaxesha kunye kusasazwe ngaphantsi kwewaka iikopi, akunyanzelekanga ukuba ubhaliso.

quality media

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini: izimvo kumaphephandaba eendaba. Ezi iimpawu kumajelo eendaba ngokubhekiselele eziliqela: ingakumbi apha kunye noyilo kunye nesimbo, kunye nombono abaphulaphuli, ekulusasazeni kunye ukuphindaphindeka. Ukulunga media kule meko icaciswa bubukho iitshekhi ukubonisa izibakala ukuphepha iinkcukacha ongathembekanga, umnqweno yokulungelelana kwaye kwehlise analyticity wazo zonke iimvavanyo kunye imibono, indima enkulu idlalwa kanye ithoni ncwadi.

ulwazi Mass amaninzi swi umyalezo ukonwabisa, apho kungcono nemvelo izinto ezithandwayo, beliqela ingqalelo ngamaqashiso iindlela kuphela olubonakalayo okanye novakalelo (ubuxoki prettier). Ukulunga kwezi ncwadi chonga ngaphezu kwazo zonke izakhono zobungcali oonondaba, ngoku inqabile kakhulu. Kupapasho lwe-mass yonke imigangatho ezingakumbi kunqabile kakhulu kwilizwe lethu nangaphaya kwemida yawo, longanyelwe ngendlela zosasazo, apho maxa wambi ungabona eziphathekayo ngokwenene ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwisiqalo kwe mediocre, okutshatyalaliswa kunye ngokuphandle cheap.

media Internet

zemidiya kuxhaphaka unika indlela eya virtual emva kokufumana nokusasazeka ngokwandileyo ngokubanzi kwi Internet. Kwisithuba sikhokelo, phantse nangoko waqalisa ukusebenza zonke iintlobo zemveli mass media, ndizuze ethandwa kakhulu suku ngalunye kwaye ukuzuza abaphulaphuli abaninzi. Phantse yonke print zemidiya iiwebhusayithi zabo kwi-Internet likhula ngokukhawuleza TV Internet kunye nerediyo Internet. Kulo mba, inani ukufunda incwadi yephepha ekugqibeleni unciphisa, kuye kwasasazwa lifinyele.

nobugcisa besatelayitiukuze International zibonelela uqhagamshelo uqhekeko yesibini, yaye ngenxa yoko ke ubuzaza eendaba liye landa kakhulu. E Washington, ibizwa ngokuba "nefuthe C-CNN", kwaye zincome ayithethi glycol sele ezixineneyo kunye imiyalezo semfene yalo mzila ndaba isandi. Ngokusisiseko, eendaba ngoku nifuna ntoni na ukuba abaphulaphuli indlela ebalaseleyo ngokweemvakalelo? Amanye amajelo eendaba baphumelele kangangokuba abantu nangoko baqale ukwenza, ndizilibala ubulungisa, kwaye nkqu kubaluleke kangaka - benza ngokusemthethweni okanye hayi.