Prehistory eyiyeyabantu; iimpawu ithuba eziphambili

Prehistory abantu - kangangexesha eyaqhubeka de fyabo yokubhala. Kwinkulungwane XIX ukuba igama elahlukileyo kancinci - ". Kokubhalwa kwembali" Ukuba ngaba lokumba intsingiselo kule kota, luhlanganisa ngokugqibeleleyo ngexesha lonke, ukuqala imvelaphi iphela. Kodwa mbono ayemxinwa sithetha nje malunga ezidlulileyo boluntu buya, eyathatha ukuya kwixesha elithile (malunga kwathiwa ngasentla). Ukuba eendaba, izazinzulu okanye abanye abantu basebenzisa ngemithombo ezisemthethweni, igama elithi "kokubhalwa kwembali", qiniseka ukuba ukhankanye ithuba umbuzo.

Nangona iimpawu sexesha eyayingekaphuhli wavela kancinci kancinci abaphandi kangangeenkulungwane kumqolo, solo obenziwe ukufunyanwa leefekthi ezintsha ezinxulumene kwelo xesha. Ngenxa yokunqongophala yabantu ababhala le datha kuthelekiswa zakudala, bemvelo, ngenkcazo, ngokwezelizwe kunye nezinye izifundo zesayensi.

Uphuhliso ngexesha lokuqala

Lonke uphuhliso lwabasebenzi unika rhoqo Ukrainian lunee ntlobo ezahlukeneyo ukuhlelwa ixesha kokubhalwa kwembali. Ababhali-mbali Ferguson no Morgan shared a uluntu abangekaphuhli ngezigaba ezininzi: nezobundlobongela, ubuqaba kunye nempucuko. Prehistory loluntu, kuquka nezakhiwo zokuqala ezimbini, kwaphulwa ngakumbi izihlandlo ezithathu:

• Ingonakaliswanga luphawulwa ukulingana kwabantu. Abahlali abazibandakanya ukuzingela, ukuloba kunye intlanganisela ukutya okuphekiweyo (namaqunube, iziqhamo, imifuno). Scientist Morgan waphula ingonakaliswanga izihlandlo eziliqela. I degree liphantsi luphawulwa ukubonakala intetho ngokwaneleyo,-avareji - ukusetyenziswa lomlilo kubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nokuloba, yaye liphezulu ukususela ekuqaleni anyanisi njengeyabo.
• Kweli xesha abantu ubuqaba baba kuqala abathatha inxaxheba kwezolimo, ukufuya iinkomo (sesifo). Imbonakalo zomdongwe - elona nqanaba lisezantsi kweli xesha. EPhakamileyo yayigcwele isicelo yokuqala yentsimbi ekhaya.
• Xa nqanaba impucuko Obumbe urhulumente yokuqala, isixeko, ukubhala njalo njalo. N.

yobudala itshe

Prehistory wafumana periodization yayo. Sinako ukwahlula amanqanaba ephambili, phakathi apho yobudala ngamatye. Ngelo xesha, zonke izixhobo kunye nezinto kubomi bemihla ngemihla ntoni, njengoko unokuthekelela ukusuka ilitye. Ngamanye amaxesha abantu emsebenzini wabo kusetyenziswa ukhuni bone. Kakade ekuyeni ekupheleni kweli xesha, kwabakho tableware ezenziwe ngodongwe. Ngenxa impumelelo kule nkulungwane itshintshile indawo ukubekwa kwiindawo ezinabantu umntu emhlabeni, yaye ngenxa yoko ke ekuqaleni kwembali yabantu. Sithetha yabantu, t. E. Inkqubo ukuvela lwabantu abakrelekrele kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. ixesha ilitye Isiphelo ephawulwe ukufuywa kwezilwanyana zasendle isiqalo ukunyibilikisa zesinyithi ezithile.

Ngokutsho ubude bexesha ixesha nobu-, apho le nkulungwane, yahlulwe yaba manqanaba:

• Paleolithic. Yahlulwe asezantsi, phakathi kunye eliphezulu. Eli xesha "ityala" ngokuba ukuvela alaqhenqetha abantu irobhothi.
• Mesolithic. Oku kwenzeka inyibilikiswa komkhenkce; ihamba phambili zobugcisa, kukho impumelelo yokuqala zenzululwazi.
• Neolithic. Ngeli xesha, kukho ezolimo.

yobudala copper

Ixesha yoluntu nobu-, kunye ulandelelwano lwamaxesha eyahlukeneyo ziimpawu uphuhliso kunye ukuyilwa yobomi. Kwiinkalo ngeenkalo kwexesha indawo yathatha ixesha ezahlukeneyo (okanye musa ayikho kwaphela). Chalcolithic bakwazi ukudibanisa yeBronzi Age, nangona izazinzulu ukwaba kuyo kwixesha eyahlukileyo. ngexesha elimisiweyo - 3-4 iminyaka eliwaka BC .. Kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba eli xesha bakudala ngokubanzi luphawulwa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo yobhedu. Noko ke, ilitye le "fashion" akazange aphume. Ukwazisa imifanekiso ezintsha kwenzeka ngokucotha ngokwaneleyo. Abantu bamba-, ndacinga ukuba ilitye. Common nexesha unyango - ubetha omnye isiqwenga kwelinye - akamniki isiphumo njengesiqhelo, kodwa ubhedu wamelana deformation. Xa kuqaliswa kulo ubomi domestic umsebenzi kwanokwenza ebandayo kunye waya ngcono.

I Bronze yobudala

Le era ukuzazi omnye isitshixo, ngokutsho kwezinye izazinzulu. Abantu baye bafunda ukuba ukuphatha ezinye izinto (tin, ubhedu), ngenxa banayo imbonakalo ngobhedu. Nale qambo waqalisa ekupheleni ekuweni kwinkulungwane lwenzeka kakhulu synchronously. Sithetha ukutshatyalaliswa imibutho yabantu - impucuko. Oku kwabangela ukuba kusekwe ubudala yentsimbi elide kwiindawo ezithile kwaye kakhulu, ukuzitya phambili ngobhedu. Yokugqibela kwinxalenye esempuma yomhlaba yathatha inani irekhodi eminyaka. Yaphela kokufika Greece neRoma. Century yahlulwe ngezigaba ezithathu: ekuqaleni, phakathi kwexesha nasemva kwexesha. Kuzo zonke ezi amaxesha, ngokubonakalayo ukuphuhlisa sesakhiwo ixesha. Yaba yena lowo nempembelelo ukuyilwa yonqulo bulumko yoluntu.

yobudala intsimbi

Xa kuqwalaselwa xesha prehistory, kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba Iron Age yaba yokugqibela phambi kokufika yokubhala ezikrelekrele. Ngamafutshane, le nkulungwane iye imiqathango ezabelwe eyahlukileyo, njengoko kwakukho izinto ezenziwe ngentsimbi, ukuba zazisetyenziswa kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi.

Lokunyibilikisa yentsimbi yaba inkqubo kakhulu ezichitha ixesha-kangangeenkulungwane. Ngapha koko, oku ayikwazanga kufunyanwa. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuba ngokulula efanele umhlwa kwaye ukumelana ukutshintsha kwemozulu abaninzi. Ukuze ufumane kuyo ukusuka nsimbi, kwakufuneka iqondo elikhulu kakhulu ngobhedu. A kwesinyithi iye lubekhona yi ixesha elide kakhulu kwexesha.

Ukuvela ngamandla

Kakade ke, imbonakalo igunya kungekudala ukuza. Iinkokeli kuluntu zazisoloko, naxa kufikwa lolawulo kokubhalwa kwembali. Ngeli xesha, kwakungekho amaziko karhulumente, ubunganga ezopolitiko yaye akazange. Apha, kugxininiswa ngakumbi koko lwabekwayo uluntu izithethe zasekuhlaleni. Benza utyalo-amasiko "imithetho yobomi 'amasiko. uluntu ukuzazi zonke iimfuno Xa ngolimi lwezandla, kunye nokuhlukunyezwa zabo wamohlwaya esebenzisa unguGxothiwe evela kuluntu.