ODN - ntoni na? Obschedomovye idinga. yokubala

Irisithi kwentlawulo ukuba indlu idibana kumgca ebizwa ARF. Yintoni na? Imela for "eqhelekileyo-iimfuno indlu." Kwaye yiloo nto ziqulathe nendlela ekubalwa lwenziwa - esiyifundayo kweli nqaku.

ODN: ntoni na?

Zonke endlwini leyo liqhagamshelene igridi amandla, wamkela amandla, kuthathelwa ingqalelo emnyango kwisakhiwo. Isetyenziswa kuselelwa ngaphakathi indlu kunye nemimandla efanayo. counter Obschedomovoy ubala onke amandla ombane okungena isakhiwo sokuhlala.

Asinguye wonke umntu uyayiqonda inkcazelo ARF: ntoni na nendlela eli nani kubonakala bill. Intlawulo ebizwayo hayi kuphela ukukhanyisa yeminyango. Oku kuquka ukusetyenziswa kombane kwigumbi elingaphantsi kunye imbala, umsebenzi kwezixhobo lomlilo, intercom, iimpompo - oko kukuthi, zonke izixhobo zombane, enika indawo entofontofo bonke abahlali. Ikwaqwalasela kwindawo obschedomovoy akhawunti zokufudumeza njalo njalo.

Indlu nganye awayo izixhobo zombane. Ukongeza, kuyo yonke imisebenzi elahlake zobuchwepheshe kuthungelwano ngaphakathi kwisakhiwo kwakunye neemfuno obschedomovye ihlawulwe.

ODN and OGPU

Kukho izindlu ezinokunikezelwa obschedomovoy isixhobo wekhadi (OGPU). Ke ODN wabayala ngokwahlukeneyo. Nokuba isixhobo ngaphakathi umnini indlu kufuneka ahlawule ODN ngokwemigangatho. Ngoko ke, ukuba Isibali indlu lingakulungele, i ahlawulwa ngokwezi ngokwemigangatho kongezwe ODN.

Ukuba current yokulinganisa efakiweyo, umzekelo, umyinge wamanzi ashushu ukuze ihlawulelwe umahluko phakathi zizonke ezifunyenwe yi umthamo isakhiwo, kunye wamanzi asetyenziswa kwiiflethi. Umahluko isasazwa phakathi abanini, banikwe indawo yabo ipropati okanye isixa labantu abahlala.

Ziziphi zakhiwo zichongwe ODN?

Ngokusekelwe kwinqaku 36, umhlathi 1, le Housing Code of the Russian Federation kumaxabiso ipropati obschedomovogo kukho amagumbi ezingezizo inxalenye indlu. Zezi:

• leri;
• pad therebetween;
• lwazo;
• imigangatho kuyo Technical;
• lofts;
• emagumbini kunye neenkonzo zobunjineli;
• nezinye izakhiwo na eyale ngabanikazi ngamnye, kodwa kufuneka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno unesimilo zentlalo, ezifana izakhiwo uphahla kunye nadkrovelnye, izixhobo zokuxhasa ubomi ngaphezu kwesinye indlu, iziza umhlaba osecaleni kunye nezinto ezibekwe phezu kwabo.

Indlela ukubala ODN (ulwazi jikelele)

ODN ukubala zixhomekeke kwindlela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla akhawunti, ubushushu kunye namanzi, ngamanye ubukho okanye ukungabikho obschedomovyh zokubala. Ukuba imitha indlu efakwe, izibalo zenziwa ngenxa likaRhulumente Resolution № 354 ka Meyi 6, 2011, kwaye ukuba akunjalo - ngokutsho isigqibo uRhulumente № 258 ngoMatshi 28, 2012.

Ukuba ezi zokubala ziyafumaneka, kufuneka ishwankathelwe njengoko kufundwe kwi indlu, waza iyakutsalwa imali evela ubungqina kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo.

Ukuba ayikho, ngoko ke iindleko zibalwa ngokusekelwe kummandla kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo kunye nabaqeshi abahlala indlu phantsi scheme, nto leyo ifakiwe umbutho zoluntu. Isixa isasazwe phezu zokuhlala, kuxhomekeka kwindawo yabo okanye abahlala emakhayeni abantu ngokungqinelana nemigangatho emiselweyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo intlawulo ezindlwini ngaphandle iindawo eqhelekileyo iphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo apho amaninzi.

Ukubala fomula

Ukuba counter ayikho endlwini, iimfuno zibalwa izilinganiso obschedomovye kuqaliswa. Xa umthetho efanayo ekhankanywe ngasentla liphumeza ifomula kunye nemimiselo benziwa ngqo zolawulo okanye imibutho lokuveza izibonelelo.

Le ndlela yokubala ngokubanzi oku kulandelayo: V = ODN ratio * S ODN. Apho V - umthamo ODN kunye S - indawo Improvement eyenziwa kwipropati eqhelekileyo.

imimiselo ODN ezi nkonzo zilandelayo:

1. njalo igesi Umgangatho weyunithi ngu zero, ukuba Isibali endlwini no. Ukuba iimfuno obschedomovye langoku banokuba ixabiso entle okanye embi.
2. unit ukufudumeza umgangatho ibalwa Gcal / m² kwaye lilingana udidi flat omnye.

Umbane ODN ibalwa kWh / m².

standard Unit for amanzi libalwa iityhubhu square metre nganye kwaye iquka iinxalenye ezimbini:

1. Enye icandelo lingana 0,0903 cube ngomntu ngamnye ngenyanga nganye square metre of ODN nganye.
2. Enye inxalenye ubalwa ngokungqinelana ilahleko zeteknoloji ngokunxulumene kusetyenziso iyonke, nto leyo iquka ukusetyenziswa komgangatho iityhubhu kwi umntu ohlala kule ndlu. Iilahleko zibalwa kuxhomekeke kwinani imigangatho endlwini. Ifomula le ilandelayo: (0,2 + 0,07 * L) / 4,3.

Umzekelo, kwi-endlwini ezilishumi ilahleko malunga namashumi amabini ananye ekhulwini. Kakade ke, inani elikhulu enjalo kubonakala kakhulu ngokucacileyo. A, kokuba usiwe ukukhuthaza ukusetwa zokubala. Ukuba counter imiselwe endlwini, ukubala ODN ibandakanya imiqulu zilandelayo kwegesi, ubushushu, umbane negesi.

1. umthamo Real kufuneka ngaphandle zokuhlala (umzekelo, ukufudumeza kunye driveways izibane).
2. Isixa-mali esichithwe kule ngozi.
3. Iilahleko e networks zobunjineli.
4. Le bahlule okanye intsilelo barentayo, apho kungekho iimitha ngamnye.
5. Ifomula yile ilandelayo: V ODN (1) = indlu V (2) - akhawunti V (3) - imithetho V (4) - intsalela V (5). Apho: 1 - umthamo ODN; 2 - ukusetyenziswa kwi counter ekhaya; 3 - udibaniso izinto zokubala zonke zokuhlala; 4 - isixa imithetho zokuhlala, apho kungekho iimitha; 5 - kubanjwe kwezinye iinkonzo.

Isiphumo umthamo ODN, ebandakanya ingqwalasela ikhankanywe apha ngentla. Ngamnye kubo iya kuphinda ibalwe ngokwahlukeneyo. Kodwa ke imali iyonke na.

Imizekelo yokubala ODN

Makhe siqwalasele iimeko ezithile ezimbalwa.

Ukuba ecaleni indlu evenkileni, oludityaniswe kwindlu-networks, oko qiniseka iindleko zithathelwa ingqalelo. Ukuba iinkonzo kudliwe zihlawulwa weemitha ngamnye ifakiwe, xa ebala iinkcukacha zalo zifakiwe kwi ebanjwayo kanye abafakwanga bona kule ODN.

Xa ukhupha edlulisa ngokucelwa omnye iiflethi (umzekelo, xa ingena ibhetri), isixa ngxubevange amanzi kufuneka siquke inkonzo kuhlawulwa kwi -akhawunti yakho kule ndlu. Kwakhona ukugxothwa ODN.

Ukuba amanzi central ayiboneleli amanzi ashushu, amanzi abandayo ukufudumeza ukuba sisuswe ODN. Amanzi abandayo kule meko kufuneka ihlawulwe njengoko amanzi ashushu.

counter Obschedomovoy ukufudumeza zingasetyenziswa inkonzo "ubushushu", ukubala umthamo ekuchithwa phezu unikezelo ngamanzi ashushu.

Ukuba akukho mitha ngamnye, kodwa obschedomovoy ezisetyenzisiweyo, ngoko le fomyula ilandelayo lisetyenziswa: V ODN (1) = (indlu V (2) - V intsalela (3)) * S ODN (4) / S ndlu (5). Apho: 1 - umthamo ODN; 2 - ukusetyenziswa enemitha ekhaya; 3 - kutsalwe kwezinye iinkonzo; 4 - indawo kumhlaba nesakhiwo salo; 5 - isixa-akhawunti zakho kunye ummandla zizonke propati.

Kuba akhawunti sakho usebenzisa ifomula ilandelayo: V ind. (1) = (indlu V (2) -. V Calc (3)) * S ind. (4) / indlu S (5). Apha 1 kuthetha isixa-akhawunti, kwaye 5 - umdibaniso iindawo zonke ii-akhawunti zakho, kunye neendawo ixabiso yokwakha jikelele.

Ngu-akhawunti zakho obschedomovoy volume kuthunyelwa iimfuno kuxhomekeke ixabiso entle okanye embi.

Kwimeko ngeziphumo ezintle umthamo wababela bonke abasebenzisi, eziquka amagumbi, kwakunye nee-ofisi kunye neevenkile. ODN Intlawulo ngokomlinganiselo kummandla akhawunti zobuqu.

Ekubeni distribution umthamo ezimbi kwenzeka kuphela kwi-akhawunti zokuhlala umthengi. Kulo mzekelo, zonke iinkonzo kubalwa ngokomlinganiselo inani labantu eqhotyoshelwe akhawunti ngamnye zakho, kunye nenkonzo zokufudumeza - ngokomlinganiselo ubukho.

Kutheni imali iyonke kubalulekile?

Imali eqhelekileyo intlawulo ODN lingana ekhulwini ishumi ixabiso lilonke intlawulo irisithi. Ukuba isixa kolu didi kune amathathu ekhulwini, kukho kubangela inkxalabo. Okokuqala, kufuneka nihlolisise ulwazi ngokubanzi, besaphula intlawulo lonke ngezavenge: yimalini echithwa kwi umsebenzi bekwilift, ukukhanyisa, iimpompo njalo njalo. Ngokusekelwe kwezi ziphumo kubalulekile ukucinga malunga nokusebenza amandla, kwaye ngokunjalo nenani amanyathelo ajoliswe nokulondolozwa kwamandla. Kulo mzekelo, umsebenzi yatsala iingcali zokuqhelaniswa ezifanelekileyo, kunye nabo, yena, iingcebiso kunye nokuphumeza iteknoloji efunekayo kunye nezixhobo.

Ngokukodwa, ukuba amandla yombane amalungu eqhelekileyo ODN wafumana lalilikhulu kakhulu, abaqeshi kufuneka babelane ukuchonga unobangela.

ubeka imali ebonakalayo kwiimfuno obschedomovye badla bathi iingcingo zombane azikho kwimeko engcono. Ngoko ke, lo counter oqondela iiyure-kilowatt ezininzi. Uxanduva amandla ombane engenayo na iqumrhu lo tiendlekela inethiwekhi efanelekileyo. Ukuba umbutho ayiwenzi, ngoko olu xanduva owambatha kunye nabaqeshi zendlu.

Ukongeza, ngenxa ukusetyenziswa okungekho mthethweni ngesalathisi ebizwa ngokuba "ODN umbane" kungandisa. Umzekelo, ukuba abahlali kwigumbi ethile inqanyulwe ukusuka umbane zokungahlawuli imali, kodwa oxhulumene ngokungekho mthethweni kwi-network, kufuneka ngoko nangoko qhagamshelana nomboneleli wesevisi yakho ufikelelo lwabo isakhiwo kuphela njengoko ukusetyenziswa kwamandla uhamba iimfuno obschedomovyh. Ngaphambili ityala ODN kwakuxhomekeke ubukho abahlali zokubala. Ukuba akakho apho, kuya kufuneka ke ukuba ukuhlawula umbane ngokuhambelana nemimiselo ngoku, kwakunye iqhezu amandla yokuya iimfuno yokuselelwa yonke indlu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le migaqo ibonisa kuphela sentengo. Ngokwangoku, ngokungqinelana ne-Federal Law №261 «On Energy Saving», kuzo zonke izindlu imitha ngamnye ekufuneka ifakwe. Ngenxa yoko, le ngxaki isonjululwe.

Ubungqina ODN nabo kuchaphazela zokubala yodluliselo ngexesha entlanganweni, ubakhonze.

Indlela yokunciphisa isixa iintlawuliso kwi ARF?

Ukuba isixa kwiimfuno obschedomovye kuza kukhulu kakhulu, la manyathelo alandelayo kufuneka athathwe rhoqo.

Electricity:

• ukuze kuhlolwe uqhagamshelo kombane ngabaqeshi;
• indawo zikagesi - inokuba ngokugqithiseleyo zinganxitywa ezindlwini ubudala, kwakunye ukuba umonakalo kunye oluninzi ilenze, yaye oku kukhokhelela ekufuneni uxhathiso kwenkqubo kwaye kungabangela ukulahlekelwa amandla ombane (yoku, abanini yendlu unelungelo lokuba isicelo Code Criminal, umbutho kusini na uphicotho energy ngokuba imfuneko yokukhupha kweentambo);
• ufake LED endaweni ibhalbhu ezingqengezelayo.

Ngomhla umba yonikezelo lwamanzi:

• ukufakela iimitha ngamnye ukuhlawula umbane, kungekhona ngokwemigangatho;
• ukunika imitha ukufundwa kwangethuba.

Ngomhla umba ubushushu - ubukho iindawo eziqhelekileyo kufuneka ubambe ngokudibeneyo Ukutywinwa inter-panel, endaweni iifestile ezindala kunye nokuthintela ubushushu obuya ukubamba mibhobho angaphantsi.

Kunye nobushushu kakuhle welahleko ubushushu ziya kuba ncinci. iifestile ezininzi vula ebusika ndimkhulule ubushushu. Kodwa kuyacetyiswa ukufaka valve ulawulo phezu radiators kwi ezindlini. Oku kudla kwenziwa phambi kokuba kuqale ixesha kubanda, ngoko akukho mfuneko asophise amanzi phayiphu.

Ukongeza kule parameters ngentla, intlawulo ye ODN bethembe:

• ukuthembeka ulwazi kwindawo kwempahla yokwakha jikelele;
• nelona nani labantu abahlala.

Ngoko, xa umntu obhaliswe kwimigangatho umbane kunye namanzi ushiye ngaphantsi kakhulu xa abahlali ezintlanu. Ngoko ke, ukuba yokuhlala umiwe ngabantu ngaphezu kweentsuku ezintlanu ezilandelelanayo, imimiselo kufuneka ahlawulwa ngokwezi inani labantu abahlala. Umnini yokuhlala unyanzelekile ukuba azise Code Criminal.

Ukuba kwingxelo yengeniso okanye alusebenzi IPU

Kwimeko yokusilela kweeyunithi okanye kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo, kwakunye ukusilela ukunika ubungqina ngumnini, imali iya kubalwa ukususela kumhla xa isixhobo waba eziphosakeleyo, okanye ukusuka ekuqaleni kwexesha kwee, ukuba umhla akwenzeki ukubala.

Kubalo ukusetyenziswa angumndilili resource, ebalwa ukusuka kwiinyanga ezilishumi elinesibini lokugqibela, ukufudumeza - ukusuka kwixesha ubushushu. Xa umsebenzi, ingxelo yengeniso, okanye IMPs esingaphantsi konyaka, kuthathelwa ingqalelo basebenza ngqo ixesha, kodwa iinyanga angekho ngaphantsi kwesithathu.

Ukuba Ufundo ezingenakwenzeka ICS iinyanga ezintathu, kwaye ingeniso okanye ilahleko - amabini, ntlawulo iya kuba data kwi nemigangatho yangoku.

Ukuhlola izixhobo

GTC kwaye IMPs kufuneka ihlolwe ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka, yaye ukuba sele kwizakhiwo yomsebenzisi, ngoko akukho ngaphezu kanye qho kwiinyanga ezintathu.

Kulo mzekelo, bonke abanikazi kufuneka aziswe lokuhlolwa acwangcisiweyo ngesaziso esibhaliweyo, apho kufuneka usayine uze uthumele umyalezo kunye nosuku ngqo. Emva kokuba isaziso umnini uya kuthi, zingadlulanga iintsuku ezisixhenxe ingxelo imihla uvavanyo ukuba elimlungeleyo.

Sekunjalo imibuzo ethile malunga ARF

Ukususela phakathi ka-2012 Iinkalo eziqhelekileyo (MOS) akukho kuthathelwa ingqalelo xa kubalwa irisithi.

Kungakhathaliseki nokuba umntu ebhaliswe indlu okanye hayi, i ARF ziya kubalwa zize ngokwentando ubungakanani kule ndlu. Ngenxa yoko, naliphi na inani lokumiselwa okanye nelona nani abantu ubomi kuchaphazela le salathisi.

Xa kungekho umnini yeendleko indlu obschedomovye Liyafuneka usenalo ukuhlawulela nkqubo jikelele.

isiphelo

Ukususela nqaku safunda malunga ODN: oko kukuthi, ziziphi iingongoma zithathelwa ingqalelo izibalo kunye nendlela ukuba zizalisekiswe. Phantsi komthetho iziphene zibonakale ngoku izithuba, afana nalawo ezinxulumene kunye neendawo eqhelekileyo (isigqibo oluzimeleyo malunga ufakelo okanye intlawulo ngokwemigangatho). Kwezinye izindlu, apho ulawulo lwenziwa ngendlela eququzelelweyo, akukho ngxaki, kodwa ke apha, umzekelo, kwi-HOA ukuze babonakale njenge iintlobo zokuxhatshazwa kunye nemiba nje ebalaseleyo, kunye result oluwachaphazela ngqo kubaqeshi.