Njengoko India yayiququzelelwe ulawulo ngexesha amazwe British?

Imbali India igcwele ngamaxesha ukuhla kunye nempumelelo. Eli lizwe omangalisayo baba zizityebi ngokusebenzisa ubuncwane bayo bendalo, ngoko ngokukhawuleza kuwela ubuhlwempu, yena wazifumana phantsi boyisa lwesihlanu ezilandelelanayo. Ezi ziquka, kwaye amaBritane, obelawula apho kutshanje. Ngokubanzi, India - ityala unique (okokuqala kwimbali yanamhlanje), xa urhulumente oguqulwe ngokupheleleyo ibe ubukhulu kunokuba elikhulu koloni.

Yintoni eyona ezinomdla kakhulu, amaNgesi likwazile ukufaka India kulula kakhulu, ubukhulu becala kusetyenziswa i ephikisanayo kunye norhwaphilizo phakathi yezikhulu yasekuhlaleni. Ekugqibeleni, yahlala lizwe ngo-1849, xa baphumelela namaSikh e Punjab. Kodwa India yayiququzelelwe ulawulo? Enyanisweni, amava ukusingatha amathanga elikhulu enjalo ayikhange ibe mntu!

Ingqalo yayo indalo iyunithi yolawulo

waqala balihlutha India umva East India Company. Ngamafutshane, uloyiso phezu namaSikh waba isenzo etyhila, ekubeni lizwe yaba ikoloni elide phambi kokuba ezo ziganeko. Lokuqala Governor-Jikelele waba (1774-1785) W. Hastings, ukuba uTimoti lwe ngabarhwebi.

Kangangexesha elide, ke walawula ithanga olutsha ngokokubona kwakhe, kwaye sixeko sikhulu nalwazelelelo enjalo perepadalo kangaka. Zonke zatshintsha emva kokuba kudlule kwetyala Engumzekelo ngaloo Hastings, emva koko barhwebi imiselwe ngokuqinileyo iyimise ulawulo.

Ekubeni yayiququzelelwe nguRhulumente India kubunkokheli be-East India Company, leyo kude gqitha ngulo ekutshintsheni kweemeko, baza baqalisa cinezela, ibhekisela imfuneko owonithemba izintso igunya kwizandla kwiKumkanikazi kunye nePalamente.

Ngo 1813 inkampani iwonga kuphela iziko ulawulo yezolawulo, nto leyo eyenziwe yonke ukuze ubutyebi zibonelelo kakhulu ukuthumela kwi-UK.

Imiphumo gwenxa

Njengoko India yayiququzelelwe ulawulo ebudeni beli xesha? Ngokubanzi, akukho nto ekhethekileyo kwaba, oqeshwe yi iRhuluneli-Jikelele, kwakunye iirhuluneli yephondo. Baba noxanduva lokuqokelela irhafu, kuba kwezithandani yokuvukela. Zonke isakhiwo zolawulo uqatshelwe "ityala" kunye nezinye amakoloni IsiNgesi. Kodwa kwakhona kubalulekile ephindaphinda ukuthi India - eli lizwe inkulu kwaye kunzima kakhulu.

I IsiNgesi phantse kuhoywa okanye ngokuphathelele kuyo, okanye umahluko phakathi kwezizwe abahlala kuloo ndawo, ndingasathethi ukhetho enkolo yabo. Iziphumo Abezopolitiko nolungafanelekanga musa ukuthatha ixesha elide ukuba alinde, nokubonakalisa ngokwayo ngohlobo Sepoy Imvukelo, eyaqala ngo May 1857.

Ngoko ke, ngokuzenzekelayo, kwakhona ngenxa ukungaluxabisi IsiNgesi kukholo nenkcubeko kwizifundo zabo wayoyisa: ukuba akufanelekanga ukuba ulindele into eyahlukileyo emva kokuba ukuqaliswa neepasile neekhatriji buzane enkomo. Kwaye ke e-Indiya, apho inkomo - le kokufa kaThixo emhlabeni!

Ohlel inkampani le

Emva ingcinezelo kakhulu le mvukelo Sepoys (kukho umfanekiso olungqamelanayo kwi Vereshchagin) babeza kufunyanwa unetyala. Okunye ngqo, i "Azazele." Ngaloo ngumtyholwa yaba East India Company, nto leyo aye ohlulwa ngoko nangoko. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1858.

Ngelo xesha, India i ngokusesikweni amalungelo eqhelekileyo ngummi, wathabatha inxaxheba koBukhosi baseBritani. Kakade ke, ukuba kuhanjiswe uKumkanikazi Queen Victoria ngexesha ungukumkani etroneni. post Governor-jikelele ngayo kwapheliswa, kodwa bekukho Viceroy of India. Ewiliko yeengxaki engxamisekileyo kulawulo kweli thanga (kunjalo India oko wahlala) wayenikwe kubulungiseleli umgca ngokutsha epalamente. kusekho ezininzi iinguqu ezibalulekileyo ziye zaphunyezwa.

uguquko empini

Njengoko kwakulindelekile, iishelfu sipayskie ezazinawo ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuphawulekayo landa inani IsiNgesi ngokwabo emkhosini, xa kakhulu baqalisa usebenzisa mercenaries phakathi namaSikh kunye Gurkhas. Ngoko ke, British India unayo yayo namandla owawuza "nokunabisa" nayiphi na ukunganeliseki phambi kokuba babeya yaba kwimvukelo entsha.

ezinye iinguqu

Ukumkanikazi wathembisa ukuba bahloniphe ukuqhubekeka nomini phakathi kwabalawuli zasekuhlaleni, ngokuvuma aziphazamisi yokulandelelana etroneni. Ekugqibeleni I-British waqala ukuthatha ingqalelo particularities kwenkqubo umgangatho womntu, abaqeshwe ngamabhunga olawulo ivalwe uyanyanzelisa xa ephakamisa iindleko ngokuqesha umhlaba. Yilaa nto yayiququzelelwe ngayo nguRhulumente India ngaloo mihla.

konke oku Kodwa iqweqwe nje, kwagqitywa ngo-1835 ukuya ukufundisa oonyana yezikhulu Indiya eNgilani. Ngoko ke sihlala kwi amaNdiya igazi imvula lwaba IsiNgesi. Phakathi engamashumi amabini, saqalisa ukusebenza yaseCalcutta, Bombay kunye neDyunivesiti saseMadras, apho yakha elite entsha. Kwi-Indiya liye landa inani lezikolo ezahlukeneyo kunye neekholeji, leyo bafundisa unjingalwazi IsiNgesi ngolwimi IsiNgesi kakuhle.

Kwaye yiloo nto ukukhankanya into yokuba abaninzi inzala iintsapho ingakumbi izityebi lifundileyo Oxford efanayo. Ngoko British ngokwenene India ngakumbi okanye ubaluleke kangako kurhulumente wengingqi, abantu abanjalo ezifunyenweyo, nto leyo bonke yagqiba kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo weli lizwe nonina, musa ukuma kwi umsitho, ukuba kuyimfuneko, kunye qu efanayo.