Nitrogen eyintsalela Chemistry igazi

Izigulane ezininzi zinomdla umbuzo - yintoni na ezinto wegazi, kwakunye lentsalela nitrogen, ukucazulula iimvavanyo zegazi. zePCR kwemichiza ezisetyenziswa kakhulu uxilongo, zinceda ukuchonga izigulo ezinzulu, ezifana neswekile, nangezilonda umhlaza, anemias ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ke ixesha lokuba athathe amanyathelo unyango. lentsalela nitrogen ekhoyo kwi urea, creatinine, acid, indikane. inqanaba layo nako ukubonisa naluphi na utshintsho zophendlo lwezifo emzimbeni womntu.

Uhlalutyo ezinto igazi

Uhlalutyo umboniso ubume zengqo- igazi ivumela iqondo eliphezulu lilonke ukuchonga nisaqala utshintsho ezahlukeneyo zomzimba kunye namaziko. Ukulungiselela eziphilayo lwenziwa ngendlela efanayo xa uthatha iimvavanyo kwegazi. Ukuze ukufunda igazi kuye sanihluthwayo Kusenjalo cubital. neenqobo ezibaluleke:

• phambi protein;
• iqhekeza nitrogen - nitrogen lokuphumla, creatinine, urea, iikhompawundi ezingaphiliyo;
• yibilirubin;
• Inqanaba ukutya okunamafutha.

Residual nitrogen igazi - ntoni na?

Ekuphumezeni igazi icakaca zengqo- iparameters ezivavanyiweyo kwikhontenti zizonke igazi izinto eziquka initrogen, kuphela emva kokuba zonke iiprothini esele zikho. Isixa se data kuthiwa nitrogen eyintsalela igazi. Ezishicilelweyo, eli nani kuphela emva iiproteni icinyiwe, ngenxa yokuba emzimbeni womntu kufuneka i-nitrogen kakhulu. Bun oko, acid, creatinine, indican, uric acid, ammonia. Isenokuba nitrogen kunye nabanye abasebenzi abanga-protein izinto imvelaphi: peptides, yibilirubin kunye nezinye kusitsha. Uhlalutyo Data on nitrogen eyintsalela kunika uluvo lokuba nempilo yesigulane, zibonisa izifo ezingapheliyo badla enxulumene kunye neengxaki deducing kunye nemisebenzi ucoco ye nezintso. Ngokwesiqhelo, le nitrogen eyintsalela - ukususela 14.3 ukuya 28.5 mmol / ilitha. Ukwandisa okwenzeka kwisiqalo:

• polycystic;
• isifo sezintso ezingapheliyo;
• hydronephrosis;
• yamatye ureter;
• nomonakalo wezintso tuberculous.

ekuxilongweni

Ekubeni isampuli lishiyekileyo nitrogen engena uhlahlelo kwemichiza, ukulungiswa yenziwa ngokwe siseko efanayo phambi kokuba unikezelo kwezinye iinxalenye uxilongo. Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezichanekileyo ngakumbi kuyimfuneko ukuba agcine inani lwemithetho ngexesha eziphilayo igazi:

•, nokuba okokuqala Ukuba kufuneka uthathe kwakhona kuhlalutyo-, kungcono ukwenza oko elabhoratri efanayo. Ekubeni laboratory diagnostic zabo zonke, ukuba ziinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ukuhlola iziphumo.
• A isampulu yegazi iyathathwa Kwangale cubital, mhlawumbi ngenxa umnwe, ukuba akukho ukufikelela kwi Kwangale okanye ezonakeleyo.
• Ukuqhuba uhlahlelo kufuneka ungatyanga, iiyure hayi ngaphantsi kwe-9-12 emva kwesidlo wokugqibela. Unako usele amanzi, kodwa akukho igesi.
• Ixesha elifanelekileyo yokuqokelela igazi ithathwa ngokuba 7-10 kusasa.
• iintsuku ezintathu phambi kokuba zohlalutyo kubhetele ukuba ugcine indlela yokutya, ufuna ukususa kuphela ezinamanqatha, okuneziqholo eqhotsiweyo.
• Kwiintsuku ezintathu, ngaphandle imisebenzi ezemidlalo, ingakumbi xa bathe zinxulunyaniswa zengxinano komzimba.
• Ukuba ngaba kufuneka zihlolelwe nitrogen eyintsalela igazi, ngamachiza kufuna ukususwa amayeza. Kweli nqanaba, ugqirha khona kufuneka ukuba kuxoxwe.
• Kwi iziphumo enokuchaphazela uxinezeleko, ixhala, ngoko ubuncinane isiqingatha seyure phambi kokuba iisampula kufuneka uhlale sonwabile.
Ukuba kulungiselelwa ezinto wegqitha ngokuchanekileyo, iziphumo zovavanyo ziya kuba yechaneke ngaphezulu. Kokuhlaziya kufuneka asebenze kuphela kunye neengcali zonyango. Izalathisi badla ukutshintshatshintsha kuthelekiswa umgamgatho, ngoko zingakotshwa ngokuzimeleyo lichazwe ngokungachanekanga.

nitrogen lentsalela abaqhelekileyo kwi egazini

Ufundo Eqhelekileyo ntsalela nitrogen igazi anayo amanani ukusuka 14.3 ukuya 26.8 mmol / l. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nokuvela Isalathisi kwesa 30-36 mmol / l akukho iphathwa ngoko nangoko njengoko wabona leengxaki. nitrogen eyintsalela kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu Irhafu kuvuka ekusetyenzisweni kwe-nitrogen-equlethe ukutya, ukutya abandayo ngexesha yokondla, kunye intsilelo kwezinto ezingaphezulu. Atsibatsibe ngaphakathi kunokwenzeka phambi kokuzalwa, emva uqeqesho yokukhulisa ezemidlalo kunye nezinye izizathu. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukulungiselela ukwenziwa iisampuli chemistry igazi kufuneka ilungiswe ngenyameko. Ukuba analysis kakhulu ayikhulise okanye understate izinga kwaye waba yokulungiselela ekunene phambi isampulu yegazi, oku kubonisa inani lezifo emzimbeni.

Xa nitrogen iqhekeza intsalela ibandakanya:

• urea nitrogen (ka-46-60%);
• creatine (2.5-2.7%);
• acid nitrogen (25%);
• uric acid (4%);
• creatinine (2,6-7,5%);
• nezinye iimveliso protein ukutya.

nitrogen lentsalela - ngumahluko phakathi nitrogen lentsalela urea nitrogen. Apha, iqhezu sikhululekile asidi mahala acid.

ezimbi

To-nitrogen eyintsalela ezimbi ziquka:

• hyperasotemia - xa inqanaba nitrogen intsalela egazini liphezulu kakhulu;
• gipoazotemiya - nitrogen intsalela kwi ephantsi egazini.

Gipoazotemiya kakhulu kuvandlakanywa ngamandla eliphantsi okanye kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Hyperasotemia yahlulwe yaba imveliso kunye nokuGcina.

Xa ukunyhashwa ukugcinwa hyperasotemia kwenzeka umsebenzi kwezintso excretory, kulo mzekelo bene ukusilela kwezintso. Izizathu eziphambili zale hyperasotemia yokugcina ezi zifo zilandelayo:

• glomerulonephritis;
• pyelonephritis;
• hydronephrosis okanye isifo sezintso;
• polycystic;
• nephropathy ngexa lokukhulelwa;
• nomfutho kuphuhliso isifo sezintso;
• Ukufumaneka kwemiqobo zebhayoloji okanye mechanical ukuya nencindi umchamo (amatye, intlabathi, Amahlathi linobuhlungu okanye nabungozi kwi izintso, womchamo).

Le hyperasotemia production

I-nitrogen yegazi eyonyukileyo eyintsalela inokuba sikombisa hyperasotemia production xa ikhatshwa zophendlo lwezifo imeko syndrome ukunxila iqala. Kwakhona yabonakala ntshikilelo elide kwithuba postoperative. Notes produktsionnaja hyperasotemia na izifo ezosulelayo ukuba kwenzeka nangecesina, xa kukho sokonakalisa okuqhubekayo kwithishyu, oku kuquka izifo: isifo somqala omhlophe, yesifo, ifiva nebomvu, lobar inyumoniya. Le hyperasotemia production luphawulwa ngokwandisa eyintsalela Isalathisi nitrogen ukususela ngomhla wokuqala sifo de lobushushu kutshanje kubonakaliswa eziphakamileyo.

Isihlobo kungenzeka xa ebila, amahlwili egazi, kwaye sorhudo lweenkcukacha, xa ezaphukileyo emzimbeni balance emanzini.

mixed hyperasotemia

Kukho amaxesha xa ukwanda nitrogen lentsalela hyperasotemia mixed sizimisele. Idla kwenzeka xa wadliswa izinto eziyityhefu: dichloroethane, iityuwa imetyhuri, ezinye iikhompawundi ezinobungozi. Unobangela isenokuba ukwenzakala ezinxulumene ucinezelo elide izicwili. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, i immobilization kungenziwa izihlunu kwezintso, apho yokuphonononga hyperasotemia luqala productional. Ngelo xesha hyperasotemia nitrogen aphezulu intsalela kwezinye iimeko sidlula izinga amaxesha amabini. Iimpawu ababhalisileyo ezinjalo kwiimeko ezigabadeleyo, ukubandakanyeka sezintso.

Iimpawu nitrogen eyintsalela ukuba olunyuswe kungekuphela isifo sezintso. isifo Addison kaThixo (kakuhle umsebenzi adrenal) njengoko nezithethe ukuba lidlule. Oku kwenzeka xa ukusilela intliziyo, utshisa iqondo eliphezulu womxhuzulane, kunye emzimbeni, phantsi kwezifo ezinzima, luxinzelelo olungamandla kunye ukopha esiswini.

impiliso

Ukuyeka iimpawu babebiza imali nitrogen eyintsalela babe nexesha ukufumana unobangela wale meko. Kuba unyango olunye ugqirha kufuneka amisele iqela lezifundo ezongezelelweyo, iziphumo apho kwaphethwa ukuseka uxilongo oluchanekileyo kwaye amisele amayeza afunekayo okanye olunye unyango. Ekuhambeni kwexesha okuva sifo ke ndinyangeke oko, kufuneka ngexesha oyenzayo niwele zonke iimvavanyo. Xa kwafunyaniswa ukuba kukho ngezifo, unyango oluchanekileyo akayi kuphuhlisa iingxaki, yiya ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo kunye nefomu ezigulo ezondeleyo.