Ngemfumba Chichen Itza e Mexico

Enye yeendawo ezininzi edumileyo, nto leyo ixabisa utyelelo kuzo zonke abakhenkethi abahambahambayo eMexico, isixeko samandulo Chichen Itza. Kuguqulelwa Igama layo lithetha "emlonyeni wequla amagqwirha yamanzi" okanye "Indawo kufutshane kakuhle Itza wesizwe." Le ndawo twisisaka, inemibala kakhulu kwaye iingozi kancinane.

Chichets Itza - World Heritage Site

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, esi sixeko iziko yezopolitiko lenkcubeko impucuko yamaMaya-Toltec. Kwaye ngoku, abe omnye zamagugu yi-UNESCO, itsale abakhenkethi abaninzi. Kuqikelelwa ukuba isakhiwo zakudala ityelelwa ngabantu abangaphezulu kwezigidi kunyaka ngamnye. Ukuthandwa omkhulu Chichen Itza ifumene kungekuphela nje ngenxa yokuba walondoloza kakuhle ngokwaneleyo. Waba quintessence iinkolelo zonqulo kunye neengcamango malunga isakhiwo wendalo kunye nehlabathi yabantu amaMaya. wokufika Special kwabatyeleli senzeka ngoDisemba 2012. Ukukholelwa isiprofeto, amarhamente ezininzi khalenda odumileyo bengxamile beze Chichen Itza, efuna "ihlangabezane" isiphelo sehlabathi phakathi izakhiwo yamandulo yamaMaya.

Chichen Itza: imbali ingenzeka

Ngokuthembekileyo ukuchaza imbali yendalo yesixeko kunzima kakhulu, njengoko ngqangi echaza iziganeko yamandulo Chichen Itza, kuba beziphantse ukumka - aqotywa yi boyisa Spanish. Izazinzulu, abembi bakholelwa ukuba abantu bokuqala baqalisa ukuhlala kule ndawo kunye IV kunye ngentsimbi yokuqala yokwakha ezidolophini sakhiwe malunga VI -. VII iinkulungwane. Ngelo xesha, yaye kwakukho uluntu ezidolophini. Phambi X leminyaka. Chichen Itza yaba yindawo Maya. Ekupheleni kuka X kwekhulu. isixeko yoyiswa izidalwa Central Mexico - Toltecs waqhelisela imibingelelo nokukhonza ukunqulwa ngeentlobo ndyoka. Abazange Abazitshabalalisa Chichen Itza, kwaye vice versa - ngokuqinileyo kuwo. Ebudeni bolawulo mzi Toltec waba ngomnye zokuhlala zinamandla kwi Yucatán Peninsula. C ku XI. Toltecs wayenza ikomkhulu awayewulawula. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, yena ngcembe watshintsha kwaye luya iimpawu ngokuya Toltec. Le ngokuncedisana amasiko ezimbini olwahlukileyo wenza isixeko samandulo ekhethekileyo ngokwenene. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo, ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XII. yena washiywa abemi bayo kunye kumahlathi yene. Kuphela ngo-1920, abembi wafumanisa ihlabathi obufihlakeleyo izibonelelo zawo.

Eyona engundoqo ezinomtsalane kwisixeko samandulo yamaMaya

Ukwakhiwa idumileyo yesixeko wamandulo Pyramid of Kukulkan (okanye ngenye indlela - El Castillo iphiramidi). Ngo-2007, wazibandakanya uluhlu lwe ezimangalisayo ezitsha ezisixhenxe ehlabathini. El Castillo Chichen Itza yakhiwa kwinkulungwane XI. iinzame odibeneyo amaIndiya yamaMaya kunye Toltec. Bamise lesikhumbuzo wamazwi ezinikezelweyo ukuze uthixo imvula kunye nomoya, Quetzalcoatl, ebinezinto imbonakalo inyoka ezinamaphiko intloko zabantu. Mayans ekuthiwa nguthixo Kukulcan, okanye "inyoka ngeentlobo". Esi sakhiwo wadalwa ngenxa yolwazi khozimologi.Sonke nekhalenda le Maya Toltec. Ngelo ukuphakama lufikelela 24 m, ubuso bayo babuyelayo kwiimbombo zone zehlabathi. Phezulu kwesiza yephiramidi ise kumaxesha amandulo ngayo yasetyenziswa ukwenza imibingelelo. Kukho izinyuko ezine ezibanzi engumnqantsa eqongeni, nganye iqulathe amanyathelo 91, ibe abangama (kunye neqonga phezulu) inika inani esasiyindumasi 365, lingana ne ukuya kwinani leentsuku ngomnyaka elanga. Kwicala ngalinye iphiramidi amacandelo 18 - masimu. Eli nani yokomfuziselo. It lilingana inani leenyanga kwikhalenda yamaMaya. Ngaphezu koko, ngalunye kumacala amane iiphiramidi 52 kulungiselelwa isiqabu ngamatye. Bamele ikhalenda ngemvumelwano imijikelo Toltec ezikhethekileyo - imini nemini tonalpohualli shiupoualli - yenzeka kanye kwiminyaka 52. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ngaphakathi engcwele yenye iphiramidi ezilithoba-storeyed, umnyango ukuba ufumene kutshanje elo. Kukho oyidingayo - i "ukhuko Jaguar" kunye nomfanekiso "chacmool".

Temple Warriors Chichen Itza

Nokutsala yesibini ezizodwa kwisixeko Chichen Itza eMexico kukho endlwini adumileyo Warriors. Kubhaliwe ibekwe ngqo emva iphiramidi ka El Castillo kwaye omkhulu iphiramidi inyathelo ezintlanu-, ufikelela umphakamo we-11.5 m. macala onke It luhleli iikholam, enziwe ngohlobo amadoda Toltec. Kungenxa yoko le nto iphiramidi got igama layo. Phezulu yayo indlu, eliquka iholo kunye engcwele. Itempile yeyona ngezinyuko enkulu, engqongwe balustrades. Amangeno kwamanqaku ingcwele eqingqiweyo inyoka ngamatye. Itempile i isibingelelo samatye, ngokungathi itafile esezantsi imilenze zenziwe ngohlobo Imifanekiso yabantu. Nantsi i ugly isithixo ilitye Toltec othile chacmool - wayengqendeve idemon ubambe i nokucofa isisu esityeni enkulu engenanto. Kukholelwa ukuba le ababingeleli isitya wazitshisa iintliziyo amaxhoba akhe.

Enye umtsalane eyimfihlakalo kwisixeko samandulo yamaMaya - "Cenote Kwetsima"

Hayi kuphela iiphiramidi ka Chichen Itza eMexico ufanelwe ingqalelo abakhenkethi abaninzi. Ukuya emntla oqingqiweyo El Castillo yenye ukutsalwa twisisaka, ebizwa ngokuba "Cenote Kwetsima" (aka - "Kulungile of Death"). Oku Iziseko karst, ngokungafaniyo nezinye amaqula ungamkhonzanga Toltecs umthombo wamanzi acocekileyo. Xa ababingeleli yakhe waziphosa amaxhoba, bemdumisa oothixo bazo. "Kulungile Ukufa" waba ubunzulu oziimitha ezi-50 kwaye ingqalelo uhlobo portal ukuya kwelabafileyo. Kweli xesha ukususela 1910 - iminyaka 1925. Yena makancinwe Herbert Thompson, ngubani atsalwa inani elikhulu zakudala: igolide, iiseramikhi, irabha, obsidian, yaye ke, amaqashiso isidumbu.

iphiramidi Osuari

E Chichen Itza, kwaye kukho omnye ukuyilwa karst - Shtolok cenote, nto leyo ifumaneka kwicala lasezantsi endlwini kaThixo of Kukulkan. Yena, xa lithelekiswa 'Well of Death ", i-Toltecs yasetyenziselwa kuphela njengomthombo wamanzi okusela. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, isazinzulu G. Thompson uphando kunye nenye iphiramidi umdla Chichen Itza - Osuari (aka - The Crypt). Yena, kwakunye itempile Kukulkan, yayisakhiwa ngezinyuko kwi ngasinye kwezi macala omane. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, embindini zepiramidi kukho umngxuma onzulu nkqo, ekhokelela emqolombeni yendalo. It Thompson wafumana abathile nezinto umdla ezenziwe jade, kwakunye isidumbu.

Golf ibhola

Enye nomdla semfene lesixeko Chichen Itza yi tzompantli. Eli liqonga T-ezimilise, neendonga ezihonjiswe imikrolo Skulls. Tzompantli yasetyenziswa ukubonisa iintloko amaxhoba, kwakunye amabanjwa emfazwe. Ngakwintshona yendlu Skulls yenye yeendawo anesithoba imidlalo ibhola, ukunyanzela ngokobukhulu bayo omkhulu. Ubude bayo laliziimitha 168 yaye ububanzi malunga-70 m. Kukholelwa ukuba yakhiwa ngo-864 AD In empumalanga pad itempile Jaguar eziquka ezingcwele ezimbini. Lendawo eliphezulu ibekwe phezu kodonga etsibatsiba kwisiza. Mhlawumbi, apha izidwangube ndilugcinile ballgame. engcwele Lower ukwakweli ngaphandle site. Around umnyango kwayo kumi ilitye lesikhumbuzo - ngemfano jaguar. Kwinxalenye osemantla emabaleni kukho esinye isakhiwo - indlu Man elineentshebe. imbobo layo igalelo umahlule ngo iintsika ezimbini, ngezinyuko. Ngaphakathi itempile ezihonjiswe isiqabu, ezisembindini phezu ngemfano yendoda kunye ngeendevu.

Caracol Observatory

Ukuya emazantsi site ukuba ballgame amalungiselelo ezinika eziliqela, kuquka House Red - isakhiwo ogama sangaphandle ipeyintiweyo ngombala obomvu - kunye Caracol (in translation - "foot iqokobhe") - inqaba eyakhelwe eqongeni. Kukholelwa ukuba eyasetyenziswa AmaNdiya yamaMaya lokubhiyozela izinto ngeenkwenkwezi, vyschityvaniya imihla lasentwasahlobo kunye ngenjikalanga ehlotyeni. Ngoko Caracol ukwabizwa ngokuba Observatory. Ukuya emazantsi kwinqaba yenye ulwakhiwo esinamandla Toltec, apho abantu baseSpeyin ebizwa ngokuba "Convent 'ukuba imbono yayo emikhulu kunye soyiswe. Ngelo ukuphakama lufikelela 20 m, noseko lwalo ilingana no-70 m yi-35 m. Ngezinyuko Wide kukhokelela ekungeneni weemonki. Le isakhiwo ezihonjiswe iimaski yothixo Chuck kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo isiqabu.

Indlela ukuya kwisixeko samandulo Chichen Itza?

Ekubeni yenjongosenzi World Cultural Heritage yi-1.5 km ukusuka Piste encinane Mexican zokuhlala ibekwe phakathi izixeko ezibini ezinkulu lwaseYucatán emantla - Cancun kunye Mérida. Ukhululekile ukuya kwisixeko Chichen Itza, ukuqesha imoto okanye uthathe i ibhasi (itikiti livela iipeso 80 ukuya 140, kuxhomekeke eklasini). A iteksi uya kuhlawula kakhulu ngakumbi ibiza ngaphezu zezithuthi zikawonke, ukususela Cancun okanye Mérida, umgama ayikho kufutshane, malunga nama-200 km yaye 120 km ngokulandelelana. Vula indawo zakudala ukuya imihla yoluntu, ukususela 8:00 kude 17:00. Ukuba ufuna ukugcina - Iityhefu sihlolisise ezinika yamaMaya nangeCawa Toltec, umnyango oya kukhululeka.