Nezigxina ezininzi ngexesha elinye - ubuninzi

Ukuba kwisininzi in ifilosofi yingcamango ephikisana MONISM. Eli gama livela pluralis Latin, igama elithetha "inqwaba". Ngaloo ndlela, ezininzi - le ulwalathiso oluvela kwisethi uqale okanye uhlobo. Bona ezizimeleyo yaye ngokuxhomekeke qaphela omnye.

Igama elithi Ndaziswa iimfundiso kwenkulungwane ye-19. Ngokuhambelana umbuzo omnye okanye enye isisombululo ezisisiseko bulumko, okanye inokuba Ukuba kwisininzi ndinamaphupha okanye izinto eziphathekayo. amalungiselelo akunjalo ibonakaliswe imisebenzi Leibniz, umzekelo. ekumitheni ezibonakalayo zisabonakala ukukhanya Empedocles, Spinoza.

Ifom ekhethekileyo ithathwa ubuninzi ezimbini. postulates zakhe zibonisa ingcamango ubukho elizimeleyo abathandwayo yaye umbandela.

Phantse zonke iimfundiso zeentanda-bulumko elidlulileyo wafuna ukufumanisa ukuzalana nesenzeko lwangaphakathi, batsho bafane kwisiseko enye ngezilingo. Ngenxa yoko, baba orientation monistic. Noko ke, ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 zimakishwe yokuqhelanisa nezigxina ezininzi ngexesha elinye. Oku kwenzeka ngogxininiso uqala umba ekuqaleni yokuqala (imigaqo) wendawo yonke imibuzo obunzulu (theory of ulwazi).

Ukuba kwisininzi in obunzulu kuchasa conventionalism, iikhonsepthi postpositivist ngamnye (umzekelo, ngokoqobo amanqam, "inkolelo anarchistic ulwazi", njalo njalo).

nezigxina ezininzi ngexesha elinye Epistemological - yinto ukukhanyela umanyano esisiseko ulwazi. Ukuba kwisininzi kulo mzekelo, ethatha njengesiseko kwithiyori ulwazi mbono kuphela ukuba kukho iseti, imithombo peer elizimeleyo kunye neentlobo nolwazi. Zonke ezi imithombo kunye neentlobo umsebenzi ngokuhambelana nemithetho yayo siqu (umzekelo, ubuchule nobugcisa, mfihlelo, inzululwazi, ulwazi esiqhelekileyo , njalo-njalo), ebonisa ngokufanayo 'umfanekiso ihlabathi. "

Ukuba kwisininzi - idla ukuphika okanye underestimation njengomgaqo, ngaphandle ucinga ukuba akukho umbutho ezininzi kuThixo ngeentlobo zinto kunye. Le mfundiso nga kuqwalaselwa ngaphaya iingxaki ezisisiseko kunye umba umanyano kunye neyantlukwano yehlabathi eziphathekayo. Ngelo xesha linye inkcaso ingqiqo onezigxina ezininzi kwaye monistic akanawo umlinganiswa eliphelele.

Indlela kunye nembonakalo ye ubuninzi kungaba izinto kusengqiqweni ukuba unako ukuthintela eliphelele komyalelo sengqiqo, ngokwembali, kwakunye nesimbo umfanekiso ihlabathi okanye yokucinga yale okanye umfuziselo oluthile lolwazi. Kufundisa ubukho iinketho ezininzi zophuhliso kunye nokudalwa kolwazi, yaye ngaloo ndlela kwenza umzabalazo kunye nokhuphiswano lweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo sethiyori cognitive methodological.

nezigxina ezininzi ngexesha elinye Political - ingqiqo obandakanya ukuyilwa ulawulo umthetho ngawo ukusetyenziswa umgaqo yokuzahlula ngamandla. Ngokutsho siseko ukusebenza nentlangano, inkqubo yedemokhrasi kweli lizwe kubonisa ubukho kuluntu lwamaqumrhu ezininzi ezizimeleyo amaqela kufuneka ukukwazi ukuphembelela ukuyilwa karhulumente, nakuba ayengenalo kuyo (amandla) bodwa.

Kutshanje, igama elithi "ezininzi" lidla ngokusetyenziswa ithiyori kwezopolitiko kunye nokwenza ekuhlaleni socialism. Ingcamango ubuninzi bobusoshiyali sitsala eli ligatya ukusetyenziswa inkqubo yolawulo-umyalelo, imbono elula lwentando yesininzi.

Iifom ezahlukeneyo zobumnini isenzo njengesiseko kwezoqoqosho ezininzi. Ngokutsho kwabanye ababhali, ukuba iyantlukwano yobusoshiyali yayikhona ngempumelelo, udinga nokulawulwa ngokwentando olunzulu abantu imvelaphi yokunciphisa ummandla yommiselo karhulumente.