Museum of the Revolution e Moscow

Ekwindla ka 2017 uphawula isikhumbuzo seminyaka eli-100 le-Great Oktobha Socialist Revolution apho iiBolsheviks wabhukuqa nguzwilakhe lokugqibela Russian, uNicholas II. Tshintsha ikhosi lophuhliso eRashiya kunye nehlabathi jikelele. Kwakukho inkqubo entsha, nto leyo omkhanyelayo iziseko wongxowankulu. E Moscow kukho iziko yenkcubeko, igama kunye okuqulathwe ubuyisela umbukeli nakumaxesha lwabengxolo. Yeyona Museum of the Revolution on Tverskaya, 21. Ukususela ngowe-1998 - State Central Museum of Contemporary History of Russia (emva koku, kuba kwenziwe ngobulumko, i Museum of the Revolution).

Vehicles Iingcongconi

Ngo-Oktobha umbongo "Good" Vladimir Mayakovsky wabhala wathi: "Elo xesha apha! Yehla! ! Salo ixesha lakho "bangaphandle bacinga," Museum of the Oktobha Revolution, ibekwe ngendlela nandawo endala, othetha kuphela malunga aphume lakwaWinter Palace, ivolibholi "Aurora", imoto vehicles uLenin kaThixo. " Le nto kakhulu ntiyiso. Ichaphazela ubutyebi imiboniso ezahlukeneyo, ebalisa kuphuhliso loqoqosho, intlalo nopolitiko eRussia XIX kade - kwekhulu XX, izinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka Russia mihla, ekuqhubekekeni zezizukulwana .. Iindwendwe mark ubuhlobo kunye nobuchwepheshe izikhokhelo. Guides abafane ukuwafihla iingcinga socialism. xelela nje ukuba konke okwenzeka ngayo.

Izixhobo, impahla, oomatshini bokushicilela, embindini yokutyela,, neyenzeke, oomawokhulu zahazhivali, Shrimp inja wafaka esabhabha emajukujukwini - uhambo mathathu iiholo ngqiqweni umdla kungena elidlulileyo. Kukho uluvo: zitshone zisabonakala ngexesha kwimbali yanamhlanje lizwe ibonakala enamandla, ngokubonakalayo, kodwa hayi bekrwada. Kids uthanda ukubukela filmstrips, kunye nabazali - nostalgia. Popular cafe-museum imveliso, enizityelweyo ngoku esithi "zendalo, singafani nto ...", iilekese ezenziwe kunye amayeza iminyaka engamashumi amane eyadlulayo.

izakhiwo eziphawulekayo

iindwendwe ezininzi ukuhamba ngenjongo ukuncoma abahlobo ukutyelela Museum of the Revolution. E Moscow, ngomhla Tverskaya Street, baba okulungileyo: ulwazi, akukho Iingxaki kunye ubukrwada. Hi ndlela leyi, kukho iholo, nto leyo ithetha bayahlelwa isakhiwo ngokwaso. Yakhiwa ngenkulungwane XVIII. Yalondolozwa kakuhle evela ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Abonwe Abanini ezahlukeneyo kunye neendwendwe. UMnini kaZuma endala yaba imbongi, umbhali uMikhail KHERASKOV (alondolozwe kwaye ulwazi lwangaphambili), nto leyo wathengisa ngayo kwi Count, uMajor General Lvu Razumovskomu.

Isakhiwo esingundoqo (kwindlu enkulu) yayakhiwe uCatherine Omkhulu (1777-1780 gg.). Kamva eyaziwa phakathi bezakhiwo ixesha Adam Menelaws wongezelela amaphiko ezingaphezulu. Osele Villa kwi indlela le classicism oqolileyo. Ngokuhlaselwa yomkhosi uNapoleon abazange nanceba ubuhle. Uhlengahlengiso layalela wezakhiwo Domenico Gilardi. Hi ndlela leyi, kukho omnye imyuziyam. E Revolution Square (eMoscow) , Uzityhila iingcango bonke abanomdla wokufunda leMfazwe ka-1812. Kodwa emva nesihloko. Ekufeni Razumovsky, umhlolokazi wanikela ilifa yokwakha umntakwabo Nikolayu Vyazemskomu. Nicholas G. yanika ukwakha Moscow IsiNgesi Club (1831). Ukuya ku-1917 kwakukho iqela amadoda egxile imvelaphi amanene yenziwe. Ngaxa lithile, ngokungakhethiyo akhule isakhiwo yorhwebo ivaliwe sangaphandle entle (kwanyanzeleka ukuba azule kufuna komnyango).

Ubomi isigodlo entsha

Imbali Museum of the Revolution waqalisa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba iziganeko lomlilo Oktobha. Kwagqitywa ukwenza iziseko izinto intshukumo Russian wenkululeko, ukufunda olunzulu ulwazi olongezelelekileyo. Le fom lentsalela (kwiindawo ezincinane) club wenza ekuqaleni kuka-1918. Kodwa elidlulileyo eyanikwa indlela eya elizayo. imithetho emitsha, izigqibo baba kwemali. Ucwangco yokuqala, ephuma kwi Monuments Commission zobugcisa kunye zakudala kwi-Peoples Commissariat ephathelele kulondolozo imbonakalo yokwakha welifa, wanikwa kwiziko yenkcubeko. zithengise ukutya, kanye ikhule ngobuqhophololo phambi bhotwe sachithwa. Olungaphambili kwakhona kwabaneka ubukhulu.

A ezahlukeneyo "kwakhala" kunye Hall of club IsiNgesi: ngoku kukho imyuziyam of eMoscow endala. Lo mboniso yokuqala Ibizo lesikghonakalisi lwe revolution wavula ngoNovemba 1922 waza wabizwa ngokuba "Red eMoscow". Umkhumbuzi wezinto zakomkhulu Vladimir Giljarovsky wamxelela ukuba ukufunyanwa wathabatha indawo ngentsimbi yesithandathu. umbane ovuthayo. Xa kwiiholo, bemi ngaphandle ubushushu, ukuba iminyaka ezifudumeleyo. Abaqalayo ukuya imodeli entsha ibe iyafana kubemi original: ". Ubukumkani sobuvila" iiyunifomu zomkhosi, iidyasi yesikhumba, ngambini, baza ngokukhawuleza bahamba emhlabeni kutshanje

Kungenjalo asinalo indlela ukumisa Thethani

Abantu ngokuziqhenya bencoma iiflegi ezibomvu kunye isixhobo uphakamo loyikekayo, axhonywe iindonga naziiperile yamandulo. Mfanekiso zophondo imifanekiso zobugcisa Old neefoto "Iintsuku Ezilishumi ebizinyikimisa Ihlabathi" abalinganiswa (njengoko kuchaziwe lo mcimbi, intatheli yaseMelika Dzhon Msuseni). Phakathi kweendwendwe kwakukho abafazi (olunga kwazanga ukuba ngexesha ehleli le IsiNgesi Club).

Bonke babonwabile ukuba kukho yimyuziyam entsha. Revolution kwi libonisa mboniso kunye neekona weendawo zingako: amajoni, oomatiloshe, ukuzalwa kwihlabathi elitsha! Abaninzi sazana kwi imifanekiso edabini. indawo yokugcina Abizelwa yaba sisiseko kwinkcazelo ezeMbali Revolutionary Museum eMoscow. Ngowe-1924, elo ziko waba State Museum of the Revolution. Intloko yokuqala Sergey Mitskevich - eyaziwa ubuntu. revolution Russian, umninindlu uhlobo journalistic, mbali, unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi Moscow. Umququzeleli Union Workers eMoscow '.

I ngakumbi kwiSocialism

Museum of the Revolution e Moscow, ngokubanzi azigubungela kwizihloko ubunzima zoqhankqalazo ze abalimi ngokuchasene wabanumzana, lithi mihlaba (eqwalaselekayo: iinkokheli zabo Stepan Razin kunye Emelyan Pugachev ababezalelwe kwilali Zimoveyskoy-on-Don kunye umahluko iminyaka engamakhulu). Ayikwazanga ukwandisa ulwazi lobuqu intshukumo Decembrist, Nithanda Abantu, ukuba baqonde 'endle' ngeziganeko Russian Revolution, iMfazwe Civil. Baba lo mboniso endala, apho ibekwe Museum of the Revolution.

EMoscow waqonda ukuba ulwakhiwo socialism amava ngokuthe lokwandisa kufuneka ulungise kwaye ikhuthaze ngokubonakalayo. Ukususela ngo-1927, lo umda weendawo banzi. Amashumi eminyaka ezilandelelanayo ihlabathi asakhulayo (yaye kamva eziphuhliswe) socialism etsala nje abemi eSoviet Union, kodwa iindwendwe kwamanye amazwe.

sipho Repin

manani ezahlukeneyo urhulumente, abathunywa amakhulu nkulu,, amazwe yobusoshiyali asakhasayo, ababhali, ngabapeyinti, abakroli, amanani yeqonga, "yesigaba onke amazwe 'ingqalelo ngayo umsebenzi wabo ukutyelela Museum of the Revolution. Ezinye iindwendwe musa ukuza elambatha. Ngoko eyayichaza agcwaliswa buzane Imizobo abaziinjubaqa "Januwari 9," "Funeral Red" kunye nabanye. Balizisa ngumzobi odumileyo ilya Repin.

Abemi Wothando eSoviet Union kunye namazwe friendly athwale izipho kwinkokeli ngurhulumente Iosifu Stalinu. Abaninzi kubo babe ideology entlahleni ezahlukeneyo: ifowuni ngendlela zomhlaba, nefoni-izando nezixholo, iwotshi, ihonjiswe ngegolide ezincinane T-34 itanki. Izipho mboniso esisuka 39 malunga neminyaka 55 lwekhulu XX. Uluhlu okungaqhelekanga idumile phakathi ababukeli kunye imihla yethu. Ngo-1941 i-museum wayesele kwi inkokeli ekuzibonakaliseni phakathi amaziko efanayo. Iimali baba izinto kwesigidi. amasebe avuleka.

kwabelwane ixesha yokusebenza

IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic (1941-1945) wenza uhlengahlengiso elibukhali kwimisebenzi yenzululwazi kunye zemfundo, nto leyo lwenziwa yi myuziyam. Revolution kungenzeki, isabelo nje sengonyama imali wangxoka apha ngasemva. Inani labasebenzi liye lehle phantse kathathu. Kodwa umsebenzi zange ayeke. NgoJulayi 41 iindwendwe zaziza makucelwe mboniso ubalisa ibali abantu Soviet nxamnye bahlaseli zamaNazi. Kwaye ke iziko entloko, kunye namasebe ayedibana wahamba ngabakhenkethi ebudeni beminyaka yemfazwe.

Iintshaba indulumbane eMoscow. abasebenzi Museum ephikisana ukuba indlela ekhoyo: exelela abantu malunga ubuqhawe yamajoni Soviet. manani zokubakho ifundeka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: inani labatyeleli ngo-1942 - 423; amawaka 5 abantu ..

Oku isebenzela exposure emoyeni evulekileyo (imipu, mortars kunye nezinye izixhobo ze-Red Army kunye neembasa utshaba). Yi kwisingqi zomsebenzi emva ngo-1944. Kwakukho ukuguquka kwenxenye: izinto, ingakumbi ebonisa eshukumayo inkululeko revolution ngabavela. Abanye "ekhohlo" kwi GAU (Main ulawulo nogcino), abanye - kwi State Museum Historical, eyaziwa ngokuba Museum of the Revolution kwi-Red Square, kunye nabanye - zamkelwe ngombulelo ngabo Library of Foreign Literature. Umthumeli ngokwakhe wagxila isifundo ngoku yembono, eyaziwa ngokuba Russian Social-Democratic. Kwakufuneka baqonde nezo zophuhliso ezendeleyo kuluntu nje, inkululeko kunye nokulingana.

Yasondela ngokucophelela

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba xa imemori isabelo igama elihle waba disfavour: uYosefu kwatyatyamba amaxabiso ubaxo Jughashvili Igalelo (Stalin) ukuzuza lizwe. Ngowe-1959, emva kokuba odumileyo XX Congress of Communist Party eSoviet Union, umntu jize ziyabhencwa. iitekisi excursion baba nesibindi, injongo ngakumbi. Ngubani batyelela lezithuba ezabelwe iziko ngo-1960 yokuqala, ukhumbula: eksponatury wawubonisa inani elikhulu, nto leyo ithetha uphuhliso lwempilo yoluntu kunye nemfundo. Iindwendwe ezifundiweyo, zombini ngokokukhula kwezoshishino ukukhusela okusingqongileyo, kwenzeka ntoni kolu shishino, "isiko", mangaphi amaxesha liye landa-ntle yabemi Soviet.

Ngo-1968 kwakukho omnye zokuthiywa: lo umqondiso othi "Central Museum of Revolution USSR." Kunyaka olandelayo, yena wanikwa ilungelo lokwenza uphando lwezenzululwazi. Isimo aphezulu ukusekwa Research Institute umgcini ilifa iinkulungwane wanikwa okokuqala. kwinqanaba Solid lomsebenzi kuqikelelwa amabhaso-level karhulumente. Museology (1984) laboratory kwavulwa, waqalisa ukufunda imbali yeemyuziyam eSoviet Union.

Ngaba bukho ubomi ngaphandle imfundiso?

iinkqubo zentlalo kunye nezopolitiko yoo-1980 lizwe waphazanyiswa 'ukulandelelana ngezizukulwana. " A ukutyhilwa entsha elidlulileyo, utyeshelo endleleni yenzelwe ubukomanisi nakolunye mihla ziye kwabeka bashiye kunye enzululwazi yeengcinga ubuxoki. yokugcina Special Kuye kwavulwa zokubukela zoluntu.

Ngowe-1998, i-Museum of the Revolution ngokupheleleyo ngokutsha sesichengeni. GTSMSIR iye yaba liziko enkulu yenzululwazi kunye methodological, ibamba iintlanganiso weendawo abathunywa, eqhuba izifundo zenzululwazi kunye nezenziwayo. Ukwandiswa amava apha iingcali imyuziyam kulo lonke elo lizwe. Bonke abantu abanomdla kunye amaqumrhu asemthethweni angalindela ukufumana izikhokelo, indlela zoqeqesho lobungcali.