Sapropel njengesichumisi: uhlola begadi

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, abantu babe nokulima umhlaba kwaye akhule kuyo iintlobo zezityalo, bazama ukwandisa isityalo kunye nomgangatho wayo. Ngubani ababehlala esemacaleni imilambo emikhulu efana njengoMnayile, emEfrati, neTigrisi, lo impucuko yamandulo kwezolimo basebenzisa intlenga ezantsi ukuphucula nokwandisa nokwakheka komhlaba. Kwaba eYiputa yamandulo eMesopotamiya yayisetyenziselwa ixesha sapropel okokuqala nje isichumiso. It ithe yaqaliswa ze kulinywa emhlabeni emva kokuvuna sele isusiwe.

begadi Modern kunye abalimi nazo uxhalela umbuzo wokuba yintoni 'ondle' umhlaba imifuno kunye neziqhamo bezizininzi, kwaye ukuba ngaba lingaqulathi nitrate eziyingozi, nitrites kunye neminye imiphumo impumelelo of chemistry mihla. Njengoko isisho, sekuqaleke isimo esitsha - nganto kakuhle ubudala. Mhlawumbi into eye yanceda abemi bamandulo kweMilambo, kunye eMesopotamiya ukufumana isivuno zizityebi, nisikhonze? Kweli nqaku, sizama ukwenza intsingiselo sapropel - yintoni, njani, nini yaye kutheni kufuneka usetyenziswe.

Yintoni na?

Sapropel - imveliso yendalo endalo, nto leyo ngendlela yemvelo emazantsi amatsha. Iintsalela izityalo kunye nezilwanyana, esihla phantsi kumphezulu ezantsi, cazulula sisenzo ezincinane abahlala kwindawo ezinomthamo ioksijini eliphantsi. Ngenxa yoko, iinkqubo ngokwasemzimbeni-mechanical, hormone ekuzakuqalwa ekugqibeleni kwasekwa ukunqunyanyiswa isitali ekwakhiweni leyo, ngaphandle iikhompawundi organic ziquka amacandelo ahlukeneyo kwezimbiwa ezingaphiliyo kunye ukungcola.

Phi kunye nokufumana njani?

Sapropel oovimba eRashiya kakhulu, ingakumbi kwi-Central and Far Eastern kwizithili. Ukongeza, iintlobo amachibi ezahlukeneyo ibekwe kwi North-West, phambene, nabo kwimimandla zaseSiberia zoqoqosho ukugcina koovimba yayo.

Kuba ukuvelisa izinto zendalo ekrwada zisetyenziswa nezixhobo ezizodwa, kwakunye dredgers, ukukhulisa ukuba kumphezulu. Ekuthe ke ukuba ithe yanikezelwa elunxwemeni, dewatered yaye alungiswa ukunika sapropel (isichumiso) okanye ezinye iimveliso.

iintlobo sapropel

It isigqibo sokuba ukohlula oku izinto zendalo ekrwada ngokwamaqela ezine ezinkulu:

• granulated;
• iseyile;
• cola;
• ulwelo.

Sapropel njengesichumisi ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo granular kunye nefomu granular. Xa bulk kusebenza xa yenyuka ngendlela engazange mveliso zezityalo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlala esitiyeni ngokwakha yembonakalo ezahlukeneyo. Iqhezu inkulu ubuninzi sapropel zisetyenziswa ukubuyisela ilizwe apho kwakukho lobomi kubanye abantu, kwiindawo ukubhola kunye nezimbiwa imisebenzi, ekrwada ze core.

izichumiso Granular isicelo emhlabeni, kwizityalo ibe nafuthe elide isetyenziselwa ukulinywa kwemifuno, okuziinkozo, izityalo iingcambu kunye nezityalo kweentyatyambo.

I Cola kunye sapropel engamanzi esetyenziselwa ukulungiswa isebenza kwiindawo ezinkulu yenziwe phambi kokutyala izityalo.

Yintoni na izithako?

Sapropels basenokuba neemvelaphi ezahlukeneyo, kodwa imisela ubumuncu, ngesidanga kweemineral kunye nesiqulatho ubungakanani izondlo izinto eziphilayo.

Sapropel iquka iinxalenye ezimbini - enye izimbiwa kunye organic. Iveliswe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, oko iba ubenesahlulo esahlukileyo amalungu la, kwaye imichiza nokwakheka. Kuxhomekeka isiqulatho mbandela eziphilayo, sapropel njengesichumisi ingaba:

• nzima;
• izimbiwa kunye organic;
• organo;
• organic.

Ukwakheka kweziphilayo izazinzulu sapropel wafumana izinto nje humic kwaye eziphilayo esebenzayo, acid, ukukhula biostimulants, kodwa ezahlukeneyo iivithamini. Inxalenye izimbiwa iqulethe ngemithamo kunye macronutrients.

Kubhaliwe ukusebenza okanye akunjalo?

On kwiiforam ezininzi ngokuzinikela ukulima futhi igadi, zingafunyanwa malunga ncomo sapropel, makayixhome ngokuzolileyo, hayi kakhulu ezintle. Noko ke, kukho abo emva ukuzifunda umnqweno ukufumana evenkileni uze uthenge le isichumiso emangalisayo. Yintoni ingxaki, kutheni umahluko? Emva kokufunda nokuhlalutya idata, sinokugqiba ukuba begadi izigxeko engachananga enxulumene kakhulu ukuthenga fake, oosinga "phantsi sapropel."

Akunakwenzeka ukuba nantoni iya kukhula egadini, leyo wazibeka amaqhuma onzima ethile into efana nodongwe, kunye njengevumba lokuvunda of imigxobhozo ndiyingwevu-mdaka ngebala yegadi ngodongwe ebomvu. Xa kunjalo, xa uzithengela uqinisekile ukuba kanye ibukeka sapropel njengesichumisi - kuwe ekhohlisa. Kwimeko engcono ukwenzeka, - i intlenga kwakheka engaziwayo ukusuka ezantsi nge sisincoko wasemzini, kunokuba njengesichumisi luncedo yendalo.

Enyanisweni sapropel ikhangeleka ngathi ngumgubo izimvi-oluhlaza umbala ukuba ikhangeleka ngathi nothuthu, kuphela ezinkudlwana. Namhlanje aphumayo kwifomu zixinaniswe (iingqalutye okanye briquettes) sapropel. Ukuphonononga akhayo nomdlandla ehlobene nalo misela yaye alungiswa isichumiso namuhla zaveliswa.

Njani isicelo yesichumiso?

Ukuphucula mechanical ubume bomhlaba, ukwandisa umthamo wayo amanzi kunye nomoya - konke malunga sapropel. Indlela isicelo lwezityalo Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaba, kodwa ukuphucula iimpawu zomzimba nemichiza kwenza kube lula ukuba ekwindla zimba na emhlabeni.

Ngenxa yoko, calcareous sapropel zingasetyenziswa endaweni dolomite yomgubo ukunciphisa izinga asidi umhlaba. Calcium, leyo kule isichumiso, kwaye neutralizes umhlaba acid ahlanganiswe nezinto eziphilayo nezimbiwa.

Ngaphezu koko, sapropel nga umgquba umgquba okanye umgquba elulwelo, okanye enziwe nenkunkuma ezahlukeneyo ezingaphiliyo organic. Ukongeza sapropel isichumiso inceda yokuhlambulula umhlaba ezincinane ezahlukeneyo yayintsholongwane eyosulela kunye nezityalo.

Le isichumiso unako ukuphucula ubume bomhlaba ukutyala, ukuxuba 1:10 ezinomhlaba yesiqhelo. Ukuba wenza sapropel emngxunyeni phambi kokutyala izithole okanye izithole, bathi lula iingcambu yaye kungekudala uza kuya kukhula.

Ngexesha endle kunye laboratory izifundo ziye zafumanisa ukuba isivuno izityalo ezininzi emva kokuba isicelo sapropel emhlabeni kwandisa izihlandlo eziliqela.