Izityalo ezisengozini. Izityalo Rare and Ikati

Ekutshabalaleni kweentlobo ezininzi enezityalo ngokufuthi ixhomekeke kumntu nezonakalisayo bakhe, kuvela loo msebenzi. Amawaka eekopi izityalo ezinqabileyo soze ubone abantu. I Book Red luluhlu izityalo kunye nezilwanyana, nokuba extinct okanye esengozini kuyo. Kodwa le akhawunti ezikhoyo, ukuze uyazi kakuhle ukuba zingaphi iikopi zezityalo ithile ishiyiweyo ehlabathini, akunakwenzeka.

izinto eziphilayo

eziphilayo le iwonga kunye nendawo yayo kwi "kuluhlu black" emva shwaka ekugqibeleni, ibhalwe ngokusemthethweni. A lot of eziphilayo ezaziwa "luhlala 'zabo - Fossilisation kwi emaweni, ubungqina amaxwebhu asemthethweni.

Enye izityalo ezininzi mandulo extinct - it arhefruktus. isidumbu sakhe kwafunyanwa ngowe-1998 i-Lower Cretaceous e-China.

A sodidi lwe extinct ezi zityalo, kodwa kusenokwenzeka umntwana okanye usisizalwane somgadi zithathwa ngamanzi-iinyibiba. Arhefruktus samazisa amachibi, kodwa akazange de kube sekupheleni yabumba (umz, akukho selizwi). Oosonzululwazi bakholelwa ukuba ukhokho mandulo zonke izityalo eneentyatyambo kwimbali yale mihla.

eziphilayo ngokubanzi zibhekisela namathuba zokuqala indalo. Kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye archaeopteris - omfisi yamandulo, njengokuntshula nkqu Paleozoic ngexesha. Kucingwa umthi indala. Kwakhona umdla kubume lepidodendrons zabo izityalo umthi-ezifana eyayikho kwixesha Carboniferous. Amagqabi ayo ikhula ngqo esiqwini ngaphandle petiole, ngoko emva kokuba buti igqabi wahlala cicatrectomy, ukwenza ixolo efana kwesikhumba ingwenya.

Ngelishwa, izityalo bamandulo extinct abekho bodwa nakwizibetho zabo. Nkqu kwinkulungwane yama-20 yaba Ukunyamalala kunokwenzeka ebusweni enezityalo komhlaba. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, iye nobutyobo ezilahlekileyo Purple cryana ikhula kwimihlaba lekalika kwi kumzantsi-mpuma France. Ukuba ukufa kwakhe kwakhokelela yokuwa esingalindelekanga lekalika.

Ngu wanyamalala ngokuphelele 799 iintlobo ze data kunyaka 2011 (kubandakanywa fauna) kubunjani zasendle uyekile ukuba zikhona iintlobo 61 kwaye inani elikhulu phezu kwala kancane yokutshabalala. Qho ngonyaka, la manani, ngelishwa, ukhule kuphela.

Zaphela zasendle

W. - esi status zizityalo ezisindayo kuphela ekuthinjweni. Ludla kukhula Botanical kunye zolondolozo lwendalo, apho abemi babo ngeliso elibukhali.

Umzekelo, encephalartos Wood, yenyuka kumathambeka ezinamahlathi yoMzantsi Afrika, isusiwe endle zize zifakwe kwi Botanical kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Ngenxa kweemeko ezingentle, esi sityalo lisenokutshabalala ngonaphakade. Kwaye konke kuba luhlobo zezityalo abangamakhwenkwe, oko kukuthi, ayithethi azalela ngendlela eqhelekileyo, kodwa abonise ngokwahlula nenye.

izityalo ezisengozini wambi zigqalwa wanyamalala ngokupheleleyo ehlabathini, kodwa ummangaliso kwenzeka umntu ufumana ekugqibeleni. Oku kwenzeka ne Gibraltar campion, nto leyo iminyaka emininzi yayigqalwa elahlekileyo lwendalo. Kodwa ngowe-1994, omnye ebona Bakhubeka phezu le ntyatyambo ezintabeni. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, esi sityalo uhlala e Gibraltar Botanical Garden kunye Royal Garden London.

Ngenxa ekutshabalaleni kuphela ezisasaza zabo - iintaka sunbirds - wanyamalala imbali enhle, ngokuba "ngomlomo isikhwenene kaThixo". yokudubula wayo ngokwenene embhoxo ngomlomo yentaka endleleni, nangona obomvu-iorenji umbala. Ekhaya nentyantyambo ke Canary Islands.

Enye intyatyambo okhula umdla ngoku ekuthinjweni - a yonke itshokolethi. Eli gama engaqhelekanga yaba intyatyambo Mexican kunye nevumba ze vanilla.

Isizathu sokuba yokuduka izityalo ezininzi ngumsebenzi wabantu, kodwa izinto zendalo ukwenza igalelo labo buhlungu. Ngoko ke, emva kokuba umlilo 1978 eHawaii endle wanyamalala Kokio flower ikhula kuphela komboko iintlobo ezithile zemithi.

Okubalulekileyo ezisengozini

CR - olu didi kubalulekile ukuba zonke iintlobo ezisengozini. Mhlawumbi ezo izityalo ukuba kolu didi, kudala wafa, kodwa izazinzulu abanalo ixesha lokwenza uphando ngokwaneleyo ukuze uqiniseke. Ngo-2011, phantsi umqondiso CR yaba iintlobo 1619 zezityalo.

Russia izityalo ezisengozini nazo zibandakanyiwe kolu didi. Izityalo ezifana ginseng, Adonis emthonjeni, inyibiba amanzi omthubi, zisemngciphekweni lokutshabalala kwilizwe lethu ngenxa yayo kwezonyango. Abantu abaninzi abazi ukuba isityalo yeNcwadi oluBomvu, ndizichasile, ngokwenjenjalo zibhubhisa yonke labantu.

Enye izityalo zazenziwe ehlabathini - intaba flower Edelweiss. Izakufunyanwa kwi Alps, zeAltai neCaucasus, kodwa kufuneka sikhwele ku ezinobude amawaka aliqela leemitha. Imbali, singqongwe amavo, ukuba yokudubula ngohlobo iinkwenkwezi, izinto azithandayo wedwa, nangona ke ongcwele umxhasi abathandi.

Izityalo ukusuka kwiNcwadi oluBomvu Akuvunyelwe ukuba unyothule. Umzekelo, eSwitzerland lokwaphul 'umthetho okunjalo kuya kufuneka uhlawule isohlwayo umxhelo.

eziphilayo ezisengozini

EN - status, ezo iindidi basemngciphekweni shwaka ngenxa yobukhulu bawo encinane okanye iimeko ezimbi zehlabathi kunye endaweni yawo.

Ukususela ngoko, njengoko ehlabathini umntu wayo wokuqala, ekutshabalaleni kweentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana baqalisa ukuzuza ngesantya esincomekayo. Oku ezinxulumene nezolimo, nokuzingela.

Yintoni neentjalo ziyafa yaye yintoni na ke, kunzima ukumisela. Oku kungenxa yokuba kwezinye iintlobo zokuhlala nje ayaziwa, ukumisela inani labo ngqo akwenzeki.

Xa Red Book of iintlobo zezityalo Russia 652 ezijongwa engozini. Phakathi kwabo polushnik, ploskolistny snowdrop, Fori rhododendron, eLotus engcwele, peony intaba, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

izityalo ezisengozini eRashiya akhuselwe, kunjalo, le zolawulo. Kodwa kwimeko zizonke ukutshatyalaliswa naziphi na iintlobo zezityalo ezivela Red Book uxanduva mthetho elandelayo.

abasengozini

VU - imo yolondolozo lweentlobo zezityalo ezihleli ingozi yokosulelwa ezisengozini. Kodwa kukho izityalo ukuba ande ngokugqibeleleyo ekuthinjweni yaye, enyanisweni, anikho phantsi engozini. Noko ke, izazinzulu bayiqonda ukuba ushiye olu ubume kubo, ngenxa yokuba kukho amathuba okuba ukunciphisa labemi endle. Umzekelo, isityalo ezidla Venus flytrap leyo utya izinambuzane kunye molluscs ngamanye amaxesha unawo VU status.

Olu didi lwe sityalo izityalo ngaphezu amawaka amahlanu, kuquka ubulembu. Umzekelo, knapweed Russian, gorse nabaphantsi, Anut bearish, eTulip Gesner, yew , njl

iintlobo Conservation-oxhomekeke

Ukususela ngo-1994, i- World Conservation Union alinayo nayiphi na iintlobo ezintsha zezityalo kolu didi. CD kwaza kwabekwa, lwahlulwe lwaba amasebe amathathu:

• ixhomekeke kwi preservation;
• kufutshane isimo abasengozini;
• usongo encinane.

I-International Red Incwadi abhalwe iintlobo 252 yelo sub-didi. Umzekelo, kunonya rotundifolia, iindidi ezininzi elaeocarpus Mexico viburnum njl

Plants ezisengozini kolu didi ziphantse ze buya, njengoko ukubuyisela abemi izityalo ezisengozini nzima.

Kufuphi isimo abasengozini

NT-status inikwa izilwanyana kunye nezityalo ukuba angangena iqela semngciphekweni kwixa elizayo, kodwa okwangoku phantsi naziphi na izisongelo. Indlela wa kolu didi ezi ukuncitshiswa ubukhulu abemi kunye nokusasazwa ehlabathini.

Ngo-2011, esi status ukuba izityalo ngaphezu kwama 1,200.

iintlobo Least-inkxalabo

status LC esabelwa zonke ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana nezityalo kunye ngubani na bathunyelwa naluphi na udidi. izityalo ezisengozini abangazange baye kolu didi.