Musa Dzhalil: biography kunye nomsebenzi ngokufutshane ukuba abantwana

Musa Dzhalil - odumileyo Tatar yimbongi. Zonke iintlanga inebhongo abameli balo ebalaseleyo. Kwimibongo yakhe owabanyusayo isizukulwana amadoda kunjalo kwilizwe labo. Bezibona amabali ezifundisayo ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe iqala ukusuka ezalwa. imigaqo yokuziphatha ebekwe phantsi ebuntwaneni, senziwa similise okwaloo kubizo umntu ebomini bakhe. Namhlanje igama lakhe yaziwa kude ngaphaya kwemida Tatarstan.

Ukuqala ngendlela yokudala

Igama langoku imbongi - Musa Mustafovich Jalilov. It kancinane yaziwa, njengoko Wazibiza Musa Dzhalil. Biography of wonke umntu iqala ekuzalweni. Musa wazalwa 2 (15) ngoFebruwari 1906. Life of imbongi enkulu yaqalisa kwi Mustafino kwilali esemagqagaleni iqhele kwingingqi Orenburg. Le nkwenkwe wazalwa umntwana wesithandathu kwintsapho elihlwempu. Mustafa Zalilov (uyise) kunye Rahim Zalilova (unina) wenza konke okusemandleni kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba bafundise abantwana abantu, njengofanelwe yintlonelo.

Ebizwa ebuntwaneni kakhulu - ukuba asingethi, kudane. Njengoko na kwintsapho enkulu, bonke abantwana baqalisa ekuqaleni ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba ekuxhaseni uqoqosho, ukuphunyezwa iimfuno abadala ecacileyo. Abadala ukunceda abaselula yaye noxanduva kubo. Junior ukufunda lwabadala imbeko kubo.

Wabonisa ibambelele kwangoko ekufundeni Musa Dzhalil. biography emfutshane yoqeqesho lwakhe emaphetshaneni izivakalisi ezimbalwa. Wazama ukufunda, akwazi ngokucacileyo kakuhle baveze iingcamango zabo. Abazali bakwenza "Husain" madrasah in Orenburg. Uyindlela zaye Zinokuxutywa ukufunda izifundo zehlabathi. Sezifundo mfana ozithandayo kakhulu kuba uncwadi, umzobo nokucula.

Ezilishumi elinesithathu okwishumi elivisayo uza kungena imbala. Emva kokuphela imfazwe yamakhaya anegazi Musa liphuhlisa ngezigaba nguvulindlela. Ukuze ukutsala ingqalelo yaye zifikeleleke ingcaciso izimvo Oovulindlela ubhala umbongo abantwana.

EMoscow - ixesha entsha yobomi

Kungekudala, wafumana ubulungu kwi-Bureau of kwicandelo Tatar-Bashkir ye-Central Committee of Komsomol kunye ivawutsha ithunyelwe eMoscow.

Moscow State University uthatha ukuba kwemizi yabo nekhaya ngo-1927. Moussa waba umfundi zesebe lemfundo ye-Ethnological Sebe. Ngowe-1931, le Moscow State University ijongene kuhlela. Ngoko isafuna idiploma ye-Faculty of zombhali. Usaqhubeka ibhale yonke iminyaka yoqeqesho Imbongi Musa Dzhalil. eyabhalwa utshintsho izibongo umfundi ngobomi bakhe. Iyisa ukuthandwa. , Translation yabo baya kuyiphosa Russian nize nifunde embadleni eyunivesithi.

Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba efumene imfundo wamiselwa umhleli iimagazini abantwana ngolwimi Tatar. Ngowe-1932, yena esebenza kwisixeko Serov. Wabhala imisebenzi ntlobo ezininzi zoncwadi. Umqambi kudala Zhiganov N. opera esekelwe amabali lwemibongo "Altin Chech" yaye "Ildar." Bona amavo abantu bakhe babeka Musa Dzhalil. Biography kanye nomsebenzi imbongi Singena kwixesha elitsha. Isigaba umsebenzi elilandelayo eMoscow - intloko yesebe uncwadi nobugcisa iphephandaba "Communist" ngolwimi Tatar.

Le minyaka yokugqibela pre-imfazwe (1939-1941) kubomi Musa Jalil ezinxulumene Union of Writers ye-Tatar ASSR. Wamiselwa unobhala elawulayo, olawula ukubhala yinxalenye Tatar opera yeqonga.

Imfazwe kunye nobomi imbongi

IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic atyhoboza, angena kulo kubomi beli lizwe kunye watshintsha zonke izicwangciso. 1941 uba isiqalo esitsha le mbongi. Ngabom ucela ngaphambili Musa Mustafovich Jalil. Bio-njengegorha Imbongi - nantso indlela ethanda. Waya-ofisi abatsha, becela ukuba ngaphambili. Kwaye ukuyithenga. Kungekudala Ukuzingisa umfana unika isiphumo oyifunayo. Wafumana wengwe sayilwa kungena Red Army.

Yena wathumela uqeqesho lweenyanga ezintandathu amagosa ezopolitiko kwidolophu encinane Menzelinsk. Emva kokufumana kwisihloko igosa eliphezulu lezopolitiko, uhamba, ekugqibeleni, ngaphambili. Leningrad phambi Okokuqala, ngoko Volkhovsky. Onke amajoni, phantsi kweziqhushumbisi kunye zokuqhushumbisa. Inkalipho esengozini ubuqhawe uphefumlela intlonipho. It uqokelela izinto yaye wabhala inqaku lephephandaba "Yomelela."

ukusebenza Luban ngo-1942 waba sel 'yaphazanyiswa bebhalela Musa. Ngomhla ngaphandle kwilali inyama Janai kokuba wadutyulwa esifubeni, yena ulahlekelwa sezingqondweni kwaye kwasuswa banjwa.

Hero - njalo a hero

Usizi okanye aphuke umntu okanye wobulali ubuntu bakhe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba lwafumana ihlazo ekuthinjweni Musa Dzhalil, engobomi, isishwankathelo leyo ifumaneka kubafundi, uthe ukungaguquleki siseko yobomi bakhe. Kwimeko esweni rhoqo, umsebenzi amandla kunye nokuxhatshazwa behlazekile uzama ukumelana notshaba. Ukufuna nabalingane wakuvulela "ngaphambili yesibini" yayo ukulwa Fascism.

Ekuqaleni, umbhali weza enkampini. Apho wabiza igama elingelilo Musa Gumerov. Ukuze akhohlise amaJamani baphumelela, kodwa abalandeli - akukho. Nokwazeka nkqu nasemagumbini sentuthumbo lwamaNazi. Moabit, Spandau Plettsenzee - ukuba entolongweni ndawo Musa. Naphi na okha agogotye abahlaseli yelizwe labo.

E Poland, Jalil eyayikwinkampu kufuphi nesixeko Radom. Apha esehlela umbutho komhlaba. amaphetshana bahambisa yemibongo zakhe malunga uloyiso, inkxaso ezinye engqondweni nasemzimbeni. Eli qela liye zilungelelaniswe luphinde ludubuleke abakhonkxiweyo ekuvalelweni kweminquba.

"Ababehamba" of fascists kwinkonzo iLizwe loobawo

AmaNazi azama ukuwexula amajoni bethinjiwe kwicala labo. Izithembiso baba egudileyo, kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukuze bahlale bephila kukho ithemba. Ngoko ke, wagqiba ekubeni uthathe ithuba Musa Dzhalil. Biography wenza uhlengahlengiso ubomi wembongi. Wagqiba ukuba ube yinxalenye yale iKomiti amasebe umbutho ngabangcatshi.

AmaNazi Kuyathenjwa ukuba izizwe kummandla iVolga luya kuvukelana Bolshevism. Nangezinto Bashkirs, Mordovian kunye Chuvash aba, ukwisicwangciso yabo ibe ubuzwe iqela. Eyakhethwayo igama efanelekileyo - "Idel-phambene" (iVolga-Urals). Eli gama yimeko ukuba wayefanele ukuba kuququzelelwa emva uloyiso iButho.

izicwangciso zamaNazi ayiphumelelanga yenyama. Wamelana nabo iqembu ezincinane komhlaba kusekwa Jalil. Wona libutho yokuqala nangezinto Bashkirs, wathumela phambili kufuphi Gomel, wajika izixhobo zabo iinkosi zabo ezintsha. Ngokufanayo, zonke ezinye iinzame baphela amaNazi kusetyenziswa amabanjwa kwiiyunithi imfazwe amabutho Soviet. AmaJamani bamshiya lo mbono.

Iinyanga zokugqibela zobomi

Yoxinaniso Spandau kwaba yingozi kubomi wembongi. Ndafumana provocateur, abazixeláyo phezu amabanjwa kusondela kusinda. Phakathi ndoda Musa Dzhalil. Biography kwakhona yenza ijika elibukhali. Ngenene umngcatshi njengoko ngumququzeleli. Wawabela ukuba imibongo yakhe kunye namaphetshana bambongoza ukuba ningethi amandla, ukuze bamanyane ukulwa nikholwe eloyisweni.

Wodwa ukuvalelwa entolongweni Moabit yaba yokusabela yokugqibela wembongi. Sentuthumbo nezithembiso esimnandi, umqolo ukufa lisibekele iingcinga abazange ukwaphula intonga yobomi. Wagwetywa ukufa. Entolongweni Plettsenzee Agasti 25, 1944 isigwebo ngokubulawa. ukufa elimiswe e Berlin wathabatha ubomi yomntu omkhulu.

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Iminyaka yokuqala emva zaba iphepha abamnyama intsapho Zalilovyh. Musa ibhengeze umngcatshi, watyholwa ngokuba imbuka. Imbongi uKonstantin Simonov wadlala indima esifika oyinyaniso - ukukhuthaza igama zilungileyo. Weza ngaphesheya incwadi ebhalwe ngolwimi Tatar. Yaba nguye lowo waguqulela imibongo, umbhali kwawo Musa Dzhalil. Biography imbongi batshintsha emva kokupapashwa kwayo kwiphephandaba lesizwe.

Ngaphezu kwekhulu imibongo Tatar imbongi babexinene kwincwadi ezimbini ezincinane. isayizi yazo (wesundu) ezazifuneka ukuze ukufuya evela bloodhounds. Bayalelwa igama jikelele endaweni Jamila - "Notebook Moabit". Ebona kufutshane lilixa lokugqibela, uMusa wathumela wesandla cellmate yakhe. Belgian Andre Timmermans ikwazile ekulondolozeni wobugcisa.

Emva kokuba ndikhululwe kwizisele lwemibongo antifascist Timmermans kususwa kwilizwe labo. Apho, xa wozakuzo yiSoviet, wamnikela esandleni unozakuzaku. Ngale ndlela isithili efika ekhaya isiqinisekiso yehambo yobuqhawe imbongi kwi kwiinkampu zamaNazi.

Ezipheleleyo - amangqina abahlala

imibongo Okokuqala yapapashwa ngowe-1953. Bakhululwa kwi-Tatar - umbhali lweenkobe - ulwimi. Kwiminyaka emibini emva kokukhutshwa lokuqokelela iphindiwe. Ngoku in Russian. Kwaba ngathi imbuyekezo kwabafileyo. Igama ezilungileyo ngummi wabuyiselwa.

Musa Dzhalil waba kokufa kwakhe ngo-1956, waza wawongwa isihloko "Hero eSoviet Union", iminyaka elishumi emva kokubulawa. 1957 - i wave entsha ingqalelo yobukhulu lombhali. Yena lawongwa ngebhaso Lenin ukuba ingqokelela yathandwa "Notebook Moabit".

Kwisihobe sakhe, imbongi njengoko iOne elizayo:

Kohl me sinishumayeza iindaba,
Baya kuthi: "imbuka nto! Wamngcatsha ezweni lawo "-
Musa ukukholwa, oyintanda! Lo gama
Musa ukuxelela abahlobo, ukuba uyandithanda.

inkoloseko yakhe ukuba kugquba okusesikweni kunye negama imbongi elikhulu akuthethi ukuthi xumbu zisabonakala, ngobambana nomnye:

Heart ngomoya yokugqibela yobomi
Yaphumeza isibhambathiso kwakhe:
Songs ndisoloko bachitha labo,
Ngoku ndiya kwilizwe ubomi bam.

Phambili igama

Namhlanje igama imbongi liza kakuhle Tatarstan, kuyo yonke iRussia. Ukhunjulwa, ukufunda, indumiso eYurophu Asia, iMelika kunye Australia. EMoscow Kazan, Astrakhan kunye Tobolsk, Nizhnevartovsk kunye Novgorod Enkulu - ezi nezixeko ezininzi ngakumbi eRashiya wenza igama enkulu amagama ezitratweni zayo. E Tatarstan, kwilali ifumene igama neqhayiya Jalil.

Iincwadi eshukumayo malunga imbongi ukuvumela ukuba siqonde intsingiselo ndinyana, umbhali nto leyo inkosi amazwi Tatar Musa Dzhalil. Biography ngokufutshane abantu abadala kunye nabantwana ebekwe, lubonakala imifanekiso bhanya-bhanya phawu ephilayo. Le filimu enegama elifanayo ingqokelela yemibongo zakhe namaqhawe - "Notebook Moabit".