Le Iphiramidi yobudala: iintlobo kunye neentlobo zezakhiwo ubudala

Izalathi ibalulekileyo demographic kakhulu kwimpilo-ntle yabantu ubudala. Kwabantu, ukufunda oko, usebenzisa iindlela ngeendlela, kuquka iphiramidi ubudala, ezivumela ukuba ubone iinkqubo lokwanda nodaba labemi.

Ingcamango ubudala Sociology and sabantu

labemi yaye ngamnye - ngokwezalathi ezibalulekileyo ukuze yokuhlalisana kunye psychology. Xa imo yobudala isekelwe ezininzi iindima zezentlalo ezichaphazela ubudlelwane ekuhlaleni. Inani leminyaka wahlala yimbonakalo yomntu ekukhanyeni igqiba isikhundla salo kuluntu kwaye kufuna uphumezo zokuziphatha ezithile. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ubudala:

- ndawo ingundoqo, yena yokundwendwela okanye kwikhalenda. Le minyaka calculus kwinani dala yokuzalwa;

- eziphilayo, okanye ubudala yophuhliso, uchasaniso kwikhalenda, okuthetha iqondo uphuhliso morphologic ye ephilayo kwindawo ethile ebomini babo;

- engqondweni, nokumisela uphuhliso ingqondo kunye nengqondo ngexesha elithile lobomi;

- zentlalo, luphawulwa inqanaba kwempumelelo kwezentlalo umntu angumndilili yobudala ethile.

Udidi ubudala yokuhlalisana kunye inguqu ivumela ukuphendula imibuzo malunga imikhwa yabantu ukuphuculwa liqikelele intshukumo kuluntu kwixesha elizayo.

Ingcamango isakhiwo ubudala sabantu

izakhiwo Ubudala - na ukhetho zamaqela abantu ngokwenani leminyaka. Kuba okokuqala le ndlela yokuhlelwa bakhona kusetyenziswa China yamandulo, apho isikali yobudala yokuqala zabuya, oko kuquka izigaba 6: ulutsha, ubudala umtshato, ekwenzeni imisebenzi karhulumente, ubudala nolwazi ngeempazamo zabo, kwiminyaka yokugqibela lokudala, ubudala ezifunwayo kunye nokuguga. Kakade eli cebo kubonisa ukuba ubume ubudala - kungasisalathisi esibalulekileyo ezolonwabo umntu. Contemporary Sociology ibalaselisa amathuba ezifana ubuntwana, ulutsha, ukukhula kunye nokuguga. Ukusombulula imisebenzi zophando ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinye izazi ziye amanqanaba nemithombo yoluntu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Namhlanje izazinzulu zithetha isakhiwo ubudala yabantu kumazwe ahlukeneyo ukuhlola umahluko phakathi kwabo, ukwakha iiphiramidi ubudala zinceda ukutyhila Dynamics iinkqubo zezibalo. Igama elithi "Isakhiwo ubudala labemi" livela ngenkulungwane ye-19, imela ukwabiwa yabantu ezineempawu ezithile ezinxulumene-iminyaka eli lizwe kunye umhlaba uphela.

Inani labemi sifundo izakhiwo ubudala

Ukufunda iminyaka yobudala isiqalo kuphononongo kweenkqubo ezininzi zentlalo. Ufundo lo mba kuyimfuneko ukulandelela Dynamics socio-economic iinkqubo, ezisekelwe phezu zabantu. Ulwazi malunga nesakhiwo yobudala zoluntu kwenza kube lula ukubona izizathu lonyuso kunye ucutho e wenzala kunye ukufa, kwaye sifune izisombululo kwiingxaki ezinxulumene la.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba yintoni injongo na iphiramidi labemi esekelwe, ukuba simunce kwayo ubuninzi ulwazi luncedo. Ukwazi isakhiwo sabantu, kuyenzeka ukubona ukucwangcisela imisebenzi yezentlalo noqoqosho karhulumente kunye noshishino. Le ngcaciso iya kunceda baqikelele nokuba zeziphi iimveliso kunye neenkonzo ezifunekayo ngamaxesha ezahlukeneyo ixesha, ukwenza ibhajethi ukulungiselela izibonelelo ezahlukeneyo kwezentlalo kunye nokwakha inkqubo kuphuhliso lwezakhono zoluntu.

Iindlela ukufunda izakhiwo ubudala

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ukunceda ulwazi Qokelela malunga ubudala parameters labantu. Eyona ndlela ilula kakhulu eqhelekileyo iliso, olusekelwe kucazululo kweenkcukacha zamanani. Kwakhona iindlela isetyenziswa ngokubanzi emibuzo, edume kakhulu yazo ubalo. karhulumente ngamnye uqhuba ubalo ngamaxesha athile, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukuqokelela ulwazi kubume ubudala lizwe. Amaninzi, le datha ifundwa kunye nolwazi malunga nokuhanjiswa ngesondo. Injongo Iphiramidi yabemi - ukubonisa umahluko kunye nokufana phakathi ukwabiwa kweminyaka phakathi kwamaqela ngokwesini. Olu lwazi ikuvumela ukuba ukuvavanya ifuthe uphuhliso lwentlalo-qoqosho kunye nesicwangciso-nkqubo kwezentlalo elizayo.

Ingcamango yephiramidi labantu

Lokuqala ubalo yenkqubo inani labantu kweli lizwe abaneminyaka efanayo aqalile ukuthatha indawo ngenkulungwane ye-19. Ngowe-1895, i-nzulu yaseScandinavia AG Sundberg wacebisa ukuba ukudala iitshati eziye uwalungise ingqokelela yobudala efanayo kwiindawo ezithile kweli lizwe. Ngoko ke waqalisa lo mkhuba ukuseka ubudala iiphiramidi. Kamva kwabakho omnye khetho longeziwe ngesini, oku kwenze ukuba sikwazi ukuthelekisa inani lamadoda nabafazi abaneminyaka efanayo, ukuba ukuhlola izikhombisi ixesha lilonke ubomi babo.

Ukwakha iphiramidi ubudala, kuyimfuneko ukuba baqokelele iinkcukacha quantitative lisingenise kwi kwisimo somzobo. Eme kuphawula ubudala, kwaye nkqo - inani labantu. Isiseko iphiramidi usoloko ngokubanzi ngaphezu kwabanye, kuba phakathi ezisanda kuzalwa, ngoko iqala ukunciphisa inani labantu kwabalelwa wokugqibela ixhego. Omnye bar oxwesileyo asenokubonisa ukuba inani labantu ngonyaka ngamnye, iminyaka emi-5 okanye 10, ngokuxhomekeke iinkcukacha eziqokelelweyo.

Ucalulo zepiramidi ubudala

Kukho iintlobo iiphiramidi kwizithuba ixesha ezahlukeneyo, i iinkcukacha kakhulu uhlobo kubekho isithuba sonyaka-1, kodwa ke ifuna omninzi ukuqokelela ulwazi, rhoqo imodeli-5 kunye nonyaka-10 ubudala. nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe bacebisa ukusetyenziswa lokuphumla kunyaka-5 ngoqikelelo lwabemi. Kwakhona wesiNtu ukwahlula iintlobo yobudala iiphiramidi ngokwemibiko sazo yoluntu, imodeli banda, kule meko umzobo njengoko kufutshane iphiramidi echanekileyo stably-ukuguga sizukulwana, intsimbi emile kunye nokunciphisa inani labantu ngohlobo lweebhokisi apho. Enye isiseko ukuhlelwa ubudala iiphiramidi - ke kwimimandla. Ngenxa yoko, iiphatheni ukukhululwa ngophuhliso kunye namazwe asakhulayo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uthelekise imimandla nokuchonga iiyantlukwano zabo ezisisiseko. Kungenzeka kwakhona ukuba ukwakha iiphiramidi amaqela abantu ezithile, ezifana uluntu ngokobuhlanga kanye nezinye izizwe.

Ukukhulisa iintlobo iiphiramidi

Age kunye nesini sephiramidi labemi, apho isizukulwana esitsha ilawula endala, ebizwa inkqubela, okanye ekhulayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iinkampani ezifana luphawulwa ngomlinganiselo ngokuzalwa eliphezulu. Abemi kunye irhafu ezifanayo kwahluka kakhulu abantu abaselula, ngokufuthi kwiindawo ezinjalo kukho ekulindeleke ephantsi ubomi kunye izinga lokusweleka eliphezulu, kuphela inxalenye encinane yabemi asinde ukuya ebudaleni. Ngokufuthi olu hlobo lwabasebenzi ukuvelisa kuthiwa ezilula okanye nobu-, njengoko engenanxaxheba ukhuseleko lwentlalo kunye noqoqosho.

iintlobo zokubhala of iiphiramidi

Ubume yobudala umile yabantu iye eliphantsi okanye akukho lokwanda kwabantu. Loo imodeli kuthiwa, wayifaka, ekubeni lilingana nenani kwafika ku inani labantu abatsha eliqina kunye nenani labantu abadala lifinyele njengoko ufikelela kwiminyaka 65-70, kodwa hayi kabukhali, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe. iphiramidi ibonisa iingxaki wenzala zifuna ungenelelo ngoncedo oluvela kurhulumente, okoko ukwimeko enjalo yoluntu, akakho, kwaye iphiramidi ibe uhlobo elandelayo - ukwaluphala.

Ukuncipha iintlobo iiphiramidi

Iphiramidi, nto leyo ithintela ukusweleka kunye nokuchuma unciphisa, ekuthiwa ukwaluphala, okanye ukuhla. Xa isakhiwo kuluntu elilawulwa eliqina kunye nabadala, neentsana, yaye abaselula kancinane kule minyaka, la mazwe Kukuze yokutshabalala. Kula mazwe kukho ingxaki ecacileyo ngenkxaso eziphathekayo nabantu abadala nje abatsha kuba negalelo imali-mali yomhlala-phantsi, akukho kancinane okanye hayi kwaphela. iintlobo kuchaswa oluntu kunokukhokelela yokutshabalala labantu.

ebikade Analysis yobudala

Population kwabantu kunye nokusekwa ngeetshathi ubudala ikuvumela ukuba ukufumana ulwazi ngokupheleleyo yaye isalamane. Ngoko ke, uhlalutyo yephiramidi labemi kunye uthelekiso wayo data zangaphambili ikuvumela ukuba ukufumana phandle i labemi lilonke, kunye nokukhula ogcweleyo yendalo, izinga lokufa, ukukhula kwamanani abantu ngokwesini ezahlukeneyo, kukho iseti esikhulu solwazi zamanani. Ngokwemveli, uhlalutyo ubudala iphiramidi luyenzeka kweziganga ezithathu eziphambili: ukuchuma, ukuba nako ukufa nemfuduko. Isalathisi ibalulekileyo ixesha lobomi, linika isalathiso-ntle lwezentlalo lweli lizwe. Uhlalutyo iiphiramidi inceda bonisa kubanikezeli nezibaluleke kakhulu ukuza uphando-up ezinxulumene-ubudala.

amazwe Pyramid kuphuhliswa

Lo mkhuba iphambili kulwakhiwo yobudala kumazwe - ke ukuguga yabemi. Ngenxa umgangatho ophezulu iinkonzo zonyango kunye umgangatho wokuphila beminyaka yokuphila yabantu kula mazwe lukhula chu, inkokeli apha eJapan, apho kukho inani olude iqapheleka abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-80. Ngelo xesha linye isantya ukuzalwa kumazwe aphuhlileyo ikhula ebuya umva. Nkqu United States ubudala yephiramidi, nto leyo usoloko iqaphele inani elikhulu kuzalwa uye waba zokubhala, kwaye oko yinto uphawu okukhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. US osihlangulayo kwada ongenelelo abantu abatsha babe nabantwana, kodwa izixa ayonelanga. Kodwa eYurophu, ingakumbi emantla, sele bafudukela kwamanye amazwe yaye ibonisa ukuhlehla ekumila kuthile yobudala.

Iphiramidi kumazwe asaphuhlayo

Isimo i "ihlabathi wesithathu" na isakhiwo yobudala kakhulu ezahlukeneyo. iphiramidi ngesondo kobudala States amayela juvenescent uhlobo. Ingakumbi kwimimandla Asian zibonisa eliphezulu kwaye nkqu ephezulu ukuzalwa nobomi mfutshane zabantu. China ixesha kancinci nje ubomi, lo gama India, Iran, Vietnam kunye namanye amazwe akwingingqi yawo babe ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kule parameter. Ngoko ke, apha kukho iingxaki ezifana ngqesho, ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo kakhulu, umgangatho ophantsi wokuphila. Kodwa ilizwekazi omncinane Afrika namhlanje, inxulunyaniswa yokufa kunye ixesha elifutshane ebomini. African States asebenzise indlela elula yokuzala, uyamelana ngokulahleka wokuzalwa esikhulu sabantu.

iphiramidi yobudala Russian

iphiramidi ngesondo-yobudala Russian kwahlukile kwizikim ezifanayo kumazwe amaninzi phambi eliqela enzulu "amanxeba" ukusilela ngokwemiqathango labemi, ukuba ukhuphela imfazwe, kwakunye ngaphantsi abonakale lobunzima ukulahleka. Russia namhlanje budluliselwe ngokukhawuleza ukusuka uhlobo emileyo wokwaluphala. Ukukhula izinga wokuzalwa, nangona imigudu Herculean karhulumente, ulusizana, yaye lokuphila ikhula kancinci. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni eli lizwe linako ngaphezu kwe-60% yabemi - abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65. Esi sakhiwo yobudala naxa ingumbandela ozaliswe ziziphumo ezinzima zoqoqosho: Abantu abatsha nje akakwazi ukunika abakhulileyo. Lwezazi bathi kwiindawo enkulu engenanto lizwe ngokuqinisekileyo uya kutsala laph 'yaye oku kuya Ukusombulula iingxaki zezibalo eli lizwe, ukuba awunayo naziphi na iziphumo kakhulu lwezentlalo nezoqoqosho ezinjalo lokufuduka.

iingxaki elibonisa of modernity kunye nokusebenza iiphiramidi

iiphiramidi yobudala Modern ukubonisa iingxaki ecacileyo demographic kumazwe phambili. Ukuguga yabantu kula mazwe kuya kubangela iingxaki zentlalo nezoqoqosho. Namhlanje, eYurophu kuxhomekeke uvavanyo ukufuduka, nto leyo eza kunceda ukusombulula ingxaki le lobomi eyimfuneko labemi, kodwa esi sizukulwana esitsha akafuni ukusebenza kwaye umhlala eYurophu. Ngoko ke, lo Dynamics izakhiwo ubudala ungakwazi ukutshintsha ngcono, kodwa iya kutshintsha, ubume yenkcubeko neyentlalo yabemi. Umbuzo kwenzeka ntoni ukuba iphiramidi yobudala ekuphuhliseni kumazwe namhlanje kukuphazamisa ngamandla kwezentlalo, njengoko labemi olukhulayo Afrika Asia, nto leyo nobuninzi le planethi, obuquka kwamanani kunqandwa kwezibonelelo.