Madrasah: ntoni kwaye avela phi na?

Impendulo esemthethweni umbuzo othi "madrassas - ukuba le" sesi silandelayo: kuba liziko lemfundo ye amaSilamsi, esiqeqesha ootitshala kunye nababingeleli. Ngamanye amaxesha, apho baqeqeshiwe kunye nabasebenzi bakarhulumente kwixesha elizayo. Oko kukuthi, kokuba kube nokuqwalaselwa nelo kumaziko aphakamileyo emfundo eYurophu eMelika.

Madrasah - ntoni na? yomlando yayo

Ukuba liguqulelwe ngqo ukusuka Arabic, eli gama lithetha ngokoqobo indawo apho umntu unento ukufunda, into ukufunda kwaye afunde. Oko kukuthi intsingiselo "madrassas" - ". Indawo ukufunda"

Iziko lokuqala olu hlobo kwenzeka ebudeni bolawulo i IAbbasid ubukhosi. Sisihlandlo sokuqala iimpendulo lo mbuzo: "Madrasah - ntoni na?" - date emva kuphela ngenkulungwane yesi-9, kodwa-13, le meko sele kwandile. Ezi zikolo ikakhulu wafunda izifundo kunye icala yonqulo, kuquka zakwalizwi Koranic nengqeqesho. Ukongeza, abafundi bafundiswa ngolwimi Arabic efunekayo ukufunda Koran, kwakunye izibalo kunye nembali. Esikolweni ngenkulungwane ye-11 iguqulelwa kwiziko loluntu. Urhulumente umisa ootitshala abasebenza apho. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba oku kwimfundiso esebenzayo Cartoon. Ngokuthe ngcembe, kwiziko, owayesakuba ekuqaleni isikolo, wenza indawo yoqeqesho kwinkonzo karhulumente. Yiloo nto ke madrasah waba ligwiba ukulawula ubomi yonqulo nezopolitiko karhulumente.

siliziko elifundayo

The main izifundo eziye kufundwe madrassas: amayeza, izibalo kunye nomthetho.

Ezi zikolo ke ukulungiselela amagosa ngokuhlonela abazinikele kurhulumente. Ukuba oku kubangelwe kwizifundo ezikhethiweyo, kuba madrasa kwi isicwangciso abasemagunyeni yayikukuba njengesixhobo ukulawula ubomi yezopolitiko zonqulo eluntwini. Iiklasi ziyabanjwa kwi zamaSilamsi abangenawo ukubaluleka olungundoqo abathembekileyo. nokugcinwa School kunye neendleko kuhlawulwa waqf. Mudarris-ootitshala nabo bafumana umvuzo ngurhulumente. Bona baqashwa umncedisi leyo eyakhokelela iintetho zabafundi, balungiselela iingxoxo imixholo zonqulo, kananjalo wafunda iincwadi, nenokuthi kuba luncedo kubafundi lezithuba karhulumente kwixesha elizayo. Abafundi abapase olu qeqesho, baba sinyanisekile karhulumente, elibonelela ukuba nje kuphela izindlu kunye namaziko ukuba ixesha lokuba bafumane uqeqesho, kodwa kwakhona inkxaso-mali yokufunda. 12 kwimbali yemfundo kumazwe Arab kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngeli xesha baqale ukwakha kumaziko ngefomathi entsha, babizwa ngokuba madrassas engcwabeni. Enye igumbi kuzo wayemiselwe uqeqesho, kunye nezinye, owahlukileyo, yaba yindawo yokungcwabela umsunguli. Oku kubonisa ukuba nokucwangciswa madrasah yaba umsebenzi ohloniphekileyo, igalelo ekhethekileyo kuphuhliso karhulumente.

Yintoni eye kufundwe

Ethetha madrassas - oko kukuthi, siqonde ukuba lo kwiwotshi lweziko lemfundo ephakamileyo ukuba amagosa. Ngako oko, izifundo ezenziweyo bathe bakhethwa ukuba ukubonisa le lokufunda izifundo ezikhethiweyo. Ekubeni izikolo umthetho abaqeqeshiweyo amagosa kunye bureaucrats, ukongezelela Fiqh, kileyo zaqaliswa kunye nenani nezinye iinkalo ezinxulumeneyo. Fatimid zamasilamsi, ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe esebenzayo wevangeli, bakwazi ukukholisa Sultan Saladin kuvula izikolo ezitsha. Ekubeni lweli Cartoon Islam, abafundi zemfundo ezitsha lifundileyo umoya kulo mbutho, nokulungiselela ukuthatha iposi kwinkonzo karhulumente.

Oko kukuthi, i-Sultan wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukuba afundise bureaucrats, ngubani bayibonisa ezithile iimbono zonqulo kunye nezopolitiko.

amasiko yezakhiwo

madrasah Muslim igqalwa omnye obukhulu zakhiwo, njengoko kuyilo yabe iselithiywe siphene siphambili kuluhlu. Le oluntsonkothileyo zakhiwo yinxalenye mosque ngokwayo, indawo yokuhlala abafundi, amagumbi okufundela kunye kwiiholo zokudlela. Igumbi engundoqo yaba quince - igumbi amanqugwala yahlulwe neenafu omathathu imiqolo columns. Enye ecaleni layo ivulekileyo kwaye kwakhokelela kungena kwintendelezo omkhulu. Ubhaliso madrassas sele inikwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. izakhiwo asekhoyo, Istanbul nakwezinye izixeko bagwayimbile ebuhleni lwabo Ukuntsonkotha.

ukubaluleka zenkcubeko nezembali

Indima ephambili madrassas njengeziko lemfundo ayiphelelanga ulungiselela ukunyaniseka kumagosa karhulumente. Bathi ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukusasazeka Islam eMpuma kwi West, wafumana ngokwayo ngexesha elifanelekileyo nempembelelo enkulu kwisistim yemfundo yaseYurophu. Umzekelo, iziko lokuqala lemfundo, ilungiselela bureaucrats inkonzo yoluntu, yaba University of Naples e-Italy. Enyanisweni, omnye ukuboleka amaSilamsi amava ngqo amagosa zoqeqesho. BaseYurophu ngokukhawuleza bamkela la mava.

Ngenxa yoko, phantse zonke iiyunivesithi zaseYurophu zaye yaququzelelwa imodeli madrassas. Zinika abafundi zokufunda, izindlu, ukufikelela izinto zemfundo.

madrasah namhlanje

Amaziko emfundo yale hlobo nje kuphela kumazwe Muslim. Umzekelo, e Kazan izenzo Madrasah Muhammadiyah, apho abafundi bafumana imfundo zenkolo okanye olungiselela ukuba abaguquleli evela Arabic. Ukuze ukufunda kuphela ukwamkela Muslims.