Buddhism: ngeeholide, namasiko kunye nezithethe

History of Buddhism linobude elide, kwakunye njengabalandeli abaninzi namhlanje. Ekuqaleni kwale inkolo ethile legend yayo zothando, nto leyo eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku. Kananjalo UbuBhuda, kukho inani elaneleyo zombini iziganeko ezinkulu nezincinane, nto leyo yahluke kakhulu ukusuka ingqondo yemveli.

Buddhism - enye leenkolo zeli lizwe

Buddhism senye yeenkolo zembali yokuqala (ababini nangaphezulu - oko Christianity and Islam). Noko ke, xa uthelekisa kunye nezinye ezimbini, oko ujika ukuba Buddhism inkcazelo efanelekileyo ngakumbi iinkqubo zefilosofi nezenkolo, njengoko intetho ngoThixo apha akezi ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Its nje apho.

Abanye abaphandi uthambekele ukukholelwa ukuba Buddhism kufutshane kakhulu emhlabeni yesayensi, njengoko sele ukunxanelwa ulwazi kwihlabathi nemithetho (yendalo, umphefumlo womntu, indalo). Ukongeza, ngokwesithethe dha kukholeleka ukuba ubomi babantu emva kokufa komzimba kuthatha ifomu eyahlukileyo, kodwa ukuya zisabonakala. Iyafana kakhulu umthetho yolondolozo lomba ehlabathini okanye ukuhambisa yona eyahlukileyo imo udibaniso.

Nokuba maxesha amandulo le mfundiso ngenxa ububanzi balo ngeembono eziqokelelweyo iseti abacinga oyinyaniso, izazinzulu abavela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kumagqirha ezibalaseleyo. Yile kwaye idume yoonongendi dha kodwa iincwadi zakhe ngezihloko zenzululwazi.

Hi ndlela leyi, njengamaBhuda bachitha iiholide zabo ekufumaneni ulwazi olutsha ngokusebenzisa ulwazi (ukuba ubani). Ezinye zazo luxeliwe ntetho ukuba Iimonki ukudlala (umz, imfihlelo Tsam).

Esakhula of Gautama Buddha

Ukuzalwa kunye ukuzalwa ngunozala unqulo ihlabathi kwixesha elizayo ligutyungelwe kwilivo kunye nobugqi. Kwanemvelaphi Buddha waye Indian prince egama USiddhārtha Gautama. ukukhulelwa kwakhe eyimfihlakalo kunye umdla. UMama of the bakhanyiselwa elizayo kanye waphupha nangapha wakhe waba nendlovu emhlophe. Emva kwethutyana, wafumanisa ukuba ukhulelwe, kunye kweenyanga ezisithoba kamva wazala umntwana oyinkwenkwe. Le nkwenkwe igama USiddhārtha, gama elo elithetha "bakhonza injongo yayo". unina wosana olo watshabalala ekubelekeni, wafa kwiintsuku ezimbini kamva. Oku kumiselwa indlela ezifunyanwa USiddhārtha ngumlawuli, uyise. Yena kakhulu wayemthanda umfazi wakhe, yaye xa wafa, yonke uthando ezingachithwanga yadluliselwa unyana wakhe.

Hi ndlela leyi, wokuzalwa Buddha kaThixo - oku kakhulu umhla impikiswano, nto leyo ke, Iqinisekile namhlanje. Ekubeni Buddhism yamkela esibuyel'emva ye ikhalenda kwenyanga, mzuzu wokuzalwa umnyibilikisi kuqwalaselwa ngomhla wesibhozo wenyanga yeshumi Vesak. Kodwa kunye unyaka wokuzalwa xa kwizibhambathiso yaye akazange eze.

Ukuzalwa kwesilumko, inkwenkwe Asita wayeprofetile nekamva eliqaqambileyo, kodwa ke ubuqhawe enkulu kakhulu zonqulo. Kakade ke, utata wayengafuni kuye ngoko akazange afune unyana wakhe ukuba enze umsebenzi yonqulo. Oku kuchazwa esengumntwana nangenxa Gautama. Nangona ukususela ekuzalweni, waba sinotyekelo amaphupha kunye namaphupha, ndakwazi ukuziva zihlandlo amafutshane wokukhanya. Buddha ukususela ebuntwaneni aspired ukuba wedwa kunye Eyokuqiqa enzulu.

Noko ke, uyise wakhe ngeenxa zonke. Nyana engqongwe obutofotofo kwaye zonke izibonelelo ngokutshata ukuba intombazana entle, kwakunye ofihla amehlo akhe zonke kwicala embi engalunganga eli hlabathi (ubuhlwempu, indlala, izifo, kunye nabanye.), Ke noko, wayethembe ukuba kwenduli lilityelweyo, imo ukuxhala eziqhutywa ngaphandle. Nakuba kunjalo, oku kwakhokelela ekubeni iziphumo ezilindelekileyo, yaye emva kwexesha elithile zacaca ezifihliweyo.

Ngokutsho legend, kanye esitratweni wabona umngcwabo, umguli kunye obungqongqo. Konke oku kwenza esachukumisa phezu kwakhe. Waqonda ukuba ihlabathi ayikho into akwaziyo, ezele ukubandezeleka. Ngobo busuku ke washiya ikhaya lakhe.

Nangokuthobeka kwentliziyo, eshumayela Buddha

Ixesha elandelayo Buddha - ke ukufuna inyaniso. Endleleni yakhe wadibana eninzi zovavanyo - ukusuka ukufunda ezilula zefilosofi ukuya austerities obungqongqo. Akukho, Noko ke, akazange aninike iimpendulo zale mibuzo. Kuphela kanye, emva kokuba wala zonke iimfundiso zobuxoki, umphefumlo thinned yi ephanda engaphambili, ukuba iphefumlelwe. Kwakukho into elalifudula elinde yonke le minyaka. Wabona nje ubomi babo ngendlela, kodwa ubomi babanye abantu, lonke unxulumano phakathi eziphathekayo kunye nomoya. Ngoku wayesazi ...

Ukususela ngoko, waba Buddha, i awaqondayo nenyaniso uzrevshih. imfundiso yakhe Gautama washumayela iminyaka emashumi mane, behamba phakathi kwiilali needolophu. ukufa kuye eneminyaka engama asibhozo, emva besabelana amagama. Olu suku wayesoyikwa kangangoko wokuzalwa Buddha kunye mzuzu xa kwasa ingqiqo.

Formation of Buddhism njengonqulo

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba yena ayikho naa ngokukhawuleza kulo lonke India kwakunye mpuma and Central Asia, yayize kancinane eSiberia Central Asia. Ngexesha nokubunjwa kwayo kwakukho kwezinye iindawo le mfundiso, abanye babo ithwale ingqolowa inyaniso, enye - oyinqaba.

Enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ingabizwa Mahayana isithethe. abalandeli bayo bakholelwa ukuba kubalulekile ukugcina nobubele nezinye izidalwa eziphilayo. Ngokutsho kwabo, intsingiselo ukukhanya kokomoya ukuze kufikelelwe kuyo, yaye emva koko kuqhubeka bephila kweli hlabathi ngenxa yakhe.

Kwakhona kule siko, lalisebenzisa ulwimi nesiSanskriti for imibhalo yonqulo.

Enye indlela, leyo inkulu kakhulu kwaye iye yasekwa evela Mahayana, Vajrayana ubizwa. Igama lesibini - a Tantric ubuBhuda. Vajrayana Buddhism amasiko anxulumene kunye nezenzo limangalisa, leyo esebenzisa iimpawu ezinamandla ukuphembelela ienjini womntu. Oku kukuvumela ukuba usebenzise zonke izixhobo ukuze bagqibezele iprogram kwaye ikhuthaza ulwazi dha kwinqanaba. Ngendlela, namhlanje kukho izinto, le meko, kwaye kwezinye izithethe njengoko kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Enye into enkulu kwaye aqhelekile - kuba Theravada. Namhlanje ke isikolo kuphela ezabhalwa emva nokuba ukusuka isithethe yokuqala. Le mfundiso isekelwe phezu Pali Canon, nto leyo eyenziwe ngolwimi Pali. Kukholelwa ukuba le mibhalo (nangona ngendlela egqwethekileyo, njengokuba ixesha elide ukuba yadluliselwa ngomlomo), eyona wenene amazwi Buddha. Le mfundiso kwakhona ithi ukukhanya unako ukufikelela umlandeli kakhulu esingelwe phantsi. Ngoko, kuwo wonke umlando obuBhuda ekuthini ezingamashumi amabini anesibhozo ezi bakhanyiselwa. La ooBhuda naye ingakumbi iziqu phakathi abathi ukuba unqulo.

Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba iiholide imihla eziphambili kukhomba phantse zonke izithethe.

Amanye amasiko yale theory (ngumntu wosapho, njalo njalo)

Ngoko ke, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwi njengamaBhuda kukho izithethe ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, isimo sengqondo emtshatweni kule inkolo ethile. Akukho namnye weza imikhosi nto, kodwa ke akukho akuthandayo kunye betrayals. Ngokwesithethe dha ngayo ubomi bentsapho , kukho ezinye iingcebiso ukuze enze bonwabile enesidima ngayo. Owasungula le mfundiso usinike kuphela ezinye izikhokelo ekufuneka ilandelwe ukunyaniseka, ukuba melwe akafuni sivuselele imvakalelo ukuba neqabane lakho. Ukongeza koku, kufuneka ibe ubomi kunyeliswa, yaye ukuba ngesondo ngaphandle komtshato.

Nangona kunjalo, akukho nto ngayo, ukuba umntu bangene kubudlelwane usapho, ekubeni yinto yabucala. Bakholelwa ukuba abantu ndinisasaze, ngokwesivumelwano mutual, ukuba ukuhlalisana ayisekho kunokwenzeka, xa kukho imfuneko. Noko ke, imfuneko enjalo kwimeko ezinqabileyo xa indoda nomfazi iza kulandela ngokungqongqo imithetho kunye eziyimithetho Buddha. Ecebisa Kwakhona ukuba atshate abo esikhulu umahluko ubudala (umzekelo, indoda endala kunye nebhinqa eliselula).

Enyanisweni, umtshato kubuBhuda - lithuba uphuhliso joint, ziyancedisana yonke into. Kungenzeka kwakhona ukuba aphephe ubulolo (ukuba kunzima ukuhlala kuyo), uloyiko nasekusweleni.

godlo kunye iimonki zamaBhuda yokuphila

Abalandeli kwale mfundiso siphila kuluntu Sangha ukuba ziyathandwa Buddha Temple ethile. Ithe - alikho abefundisi ukuqonda lwethu. Baya nje uye uqeqesho khona, ukufunda izibhalo, ukucamngca. Ilungu emphakathini abe phantse na abantu (oyindoda noyinkazana).

indawo ngalinye iimfundiso zalo makabekele yemithetho kufuneka zilandele ngqo abalandeli esakhiweni. Ezinye zazo azivumelekanga ukuba badle inyama, eminye ifuna imisebenzi yezolimo, ngoxa abanye azivumelekanga ukuba aphazamise ebomini kwezentlalo nezopolitiko (iimonki bahlala amalizo).

Ngoko ke, nalowo abe ngumlandeli Buddha, kufuneka ulandele imigaqo kunye baphambuke kubo.

Imilinganiselo leeholide zenyanga Buddhism

Xa sincokola ngayo iinkonzo ezifana njengamaBhuda, yeeholide iwonga ekhethekileyo apha. Bona zingaphawulwa njengoko wenza kunye nathi. E UbuBhuda, iholide - ukuba loo mini ikhethekileyo, nto leyo ezingqongqo ngaphezu iimvume. Ngokutsho iinkolelo zabo, kule mihla kukho ukwanda iwaka amaxesha onke amanyathelo engqondweni nasemzimbeni kunye neziphumo zazo (kwakunye ezintle nezimbi). Kukholelwa ukuba ukuthotyelwa lonke umhla omkhulu ivumela ukuqonda uhlobo kakuhle eli mfundiso, ukuza Absolute ngokusondele kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Kakuhle eli mbhiyozo kukudala ukuhlambuluka ngeenxa zona ngokwabo. Oku kuphunyezwa izithethe ezikhethekileyo obuBhuda, kwakunye uphindaphindo mantras, badlala izixhobo zomculo (Okubalulekileyo izandi bona ndiwukrazule), ukusetyenziswa kwezinye izinto zonqulo. Konke oku kukhokelela kukuba umntu isazama isakhiwo omhle esusa kakhulu ingqondo yakhe. Le holide kuyimfuneko ukwenza intshukumo efana utyelelo etempileni nokwenza iminikelo Community, utitshala, Buddha.

Oku akuthathwa lihlazo kwi isithethe dha kunye mbhiyozo apha ekhaya, kuba eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukuba isimo sengqondo, kwakunye nolwazi oko sele yonke oyifunayo. Kukholelwa ukuba wonke umntu, nkqu isihlwele nokubhiyozela enye, ukuze, emva ucwangcisa, bathelele umbhiyozo entsimini eqhelekileyo.

Iiholide AmaBhuda: Visakha Nkathazo

Kukho iiholide ezahlukeneyo dha uluhlu leyo inkulu ngokwaneleyo. Cinga ezibalulekileyo kubo. Ngokomzekelo, enye yezi ngeeholide kubo bonke amaBhuda ukuba Visakha Nkathazo. Nguye Yimbonakaliso iziganeko ezintathu ezenzeka kubomi ngunozala le mfundiso, - ukuzalwa ukukhanyiselwa yokusweleka (Nirvana). amaninzi kakhulu-abalandeli zesikolo bakholelwa ukuba zonke ezi ziganeko zenzeka kule mini.

Lo mbhiyozo ibhiyozelwa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Zonke neetempile ahonjiswe enezikhanyiso iphepha nezidanga intyatyambo. On gravelights zabo intsimi wabeka eninzi oyile. Imithandazo ithe kwaye ubalisa ibali Buddha ukuya kwamanye amakholwa. Ithatha kule veki yeholide.

Iiholide Buddhist: Asalha

Ukuba sithethe malunga leeholide zonqulo obuBhuda, ngoko ke ingabalelwa oku. Yena othetha iimfundiso, i Dharma, owazalelwa kubantu kwaye apho kwenzeka ukuba bafumane ulwazi. Ukubhiyozela esi siganeko kwenzeka ngoJulayi (Asalha), ngomhla inyanga le igcwele.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le mini, phakathi kwezinye izinto, nayo ibonisa ukuba isiseko Sangha. Eyokuqala kulo mphakathi abo bafundi ababelandela Buddha no abulawe imiyalelo yakhe. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho ezingcwele ezintathu ehlabathini - Buddha, Dharma, Sangha.

Kwakhona le mini sisiqalo ixesha wazifihla iimonki (VASO). Noko ke, oku akuthethi ukuba ngeli xesha kufuneka nje ukuba nikhumke kulo ukutya. Just Sangha yokwenza iquka ixesha kuvumelekile ukuba adle kuphela kusasa (ukususela ekuphumeni emini).

Iiholide Buddhist: Kathina

Olu suku ugqibezela ithuba vaso. Oku kubhiyozelwa ngomhla inyanga epheleleyo ngo-Oktobha. Ngale mini, amakholwa thaca for Bhikkhu isinxibo okhethekileyo. Igama Le ndoda ibizwa ngokuba ngexesha xa yagubha Kathina. Emva eli xesha, ukuvalwa (vaso) Iimonki kwakhona wabetha endleleni.

Ngenxa yoko, Buddhism iye kakhulu ezahlukeneyo leeholide. Oku uphela ixesha elithile yokubhiyozela iintsuku ezibalulekileyo zonqulo, kodwa kukho abanye abaninzi.

Mystery Tsam

Lo mthendeleko umdla kakhulu ngonyaka, okuhlala iintsuku ezimbalwa. Ikwenza oko yoonongendi e Nepal, eTibet, Buryatia, yaseTuva kunye Mongolia. Ngendlela, ukuba babulawe le mfihlelo angaba nalo ixesha eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo - ebusika kunye ehlotyeni, kwakunye sibe uhlobo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.

Ngaba ukuba ingacaci kunye nokusebenza. Ngokomzekelo, omnye Buddha itempile wadala umdaniso kuphalazwe igazi, yaye omnye umdlalo iseti kunye incoko, abafunda abadlali eziliqela. Ke ekugqibeleni, itempile wesithathu ngokubanzi unokuhlangula ukumelwa multi-component esebenzayo, apho kwakukho iqela elikhulu labathathi-nxaxheba.

Intsingiselo yalo mfihlelo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, usebenzisa oku zokoyikisa iintshaba mfundiso, kwakunye ukubonisa nemfundiso imfundiso zobuxoki. Kwaba kusenokwenzeka ukungxengxeza imikhosi ububi kunyaka olandelayo. Okanye ukulungiselela nje umntu ngendlela eyenza emva kokufa nokuzalwa elandelayo.

Ngoko Buddhism leeholide nje kuphela zonqulo, kodwa ke umthendeleko sublime.

Ezinye iiholide Buddhist

Kukho nezinye iiholide dha ezibandakanya:

• Year New;
• ngosuku, nto leyo ayenikelwe nezimanga ezilishumi elinesihlanu Buddha;
• Kalachakra emkhosini;
• Maidari-hular;
• Loy Krathong;
• Phezu komlambo, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Ngenxa yoko, siyabona ukuba kukho iiholide ezinkulu WayengumBhuda nabanye ukuba akukho ezixabisekileyo yaye kangako, kodwa uphawu uNothozamile.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke sibona ukuba imfundiso kakhulu ezahlukeneyo ngokwemiqathango zombini ulwazi kunye neeholide. Imbali elide obuBhuda bexesha lakhe unenzondelelo utshintsho ezininzi ezithe zaguqulwa kunye inkolo ngokwayo. Kodwa hayi zonakaliswa kubume bayo kunye nendlela umntu udlule wokuqala bakhe waza wabanika ukwazi ezinye nabalandeli babo.

Yonke imihla emininzi yeeholide kunjalo ibonisa kakuhle iimfundiso. umbhiyozo yawo yonyaka inika ithemba zokwazisela izenzo zakhe abalandeli bakhe. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kumbhiyozo ngokubanzi, kufutshane ezinye kancinci ukuya undoqo obuBhuda abe inyathelo elinye kufutshane ukukhanya ngokwayo, apho wawongwa uMseki.