Lwe data eyimfuneko uyilo

Umthombo data esetyenziswa kuyilo okanye zokwakha iiprojekthi, ezifana infrastructure izinto zoshishino, kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu lokusekwa amaxwebhu, esetyenziswa ekuphunyezweni kweeprojekthi ezifanelekileyo. Ziziphi iimpawu ekufunyanweni kwabo? Zeziphi iintlobo angamelwa ulwazi olufanelekileyo?

Yintoni ngumongo idatha yoqobo ngokuyilwa?

data zokuqala zedizayini - olu lwazi kubonakala amaxwebhu ezenziwe kunye inxaxheba kwizifundo ze zomthetho nezobudlelwane ezivela ekuphunyezweni yeprojekthi. Njengomgaqo, ukwakhiwa.

Ngoko ke, lo mthombo uphambili amahlakani ukuxhumana ukuphumeza lweprojekthi ngaphakathi sikhokelo apho ukwakhiwa okanye ukulungiswa kwezakhiwo okanye izakhiwo, kungaba isivumelwano esatyikitywa ngabo. Oko kuxhaswa amaxwebhu ayinakutshintshwa igalelo engundoqo uyilo, umzekelo, imiqathango reference. Oku kudla esisigxina iimfuno zabathengi, iimeko zale projekthi, iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa.

Uluhlu lwe data soqupho kuyilo na kulungisiswa kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimpawu yeprojekthi ethile, kwakunye nemiqathango zokuphunyezwa kwayo. Lonke ulwazi oluyimfuneko ngaphakathi kuyilo na kwenziwa ngqo abathengi kunye umbutho yeprojekthi, ukuba kuyiliwe yi isivumelwano phakathi kwabo.

Formation of the data kokuqala

Njengenxalenye algorithm abuthe i data eyimfuneko ukuze kuyilo?

Kuqala kwinto zonke, ingcali unoxanduva lokuqulunqa kwedatha ingqalelo kufuneka babenolwazi nkcukacha yento yakhelwe. Ukuze wenze oku, oko enokuthi ifune ukunxibelelana ethile esebenzayo kunye ngumthengi. Xa inkqubo yonxibelelwano izifundo data kufuneka zibe nokutshintshanisa zonke iintlobo ulwazi oluyimfuneko into efunekayo ukuze kwakhiwe lwamaxwebhu yoyilo.

data olusisiseko uyilo zokwakha eya phakathi ngumthengi kunye neprojekthi umbutho ukuze afumane iqela kunyanzeleka iimeko zobugcisa kwi into. Le meko - eyona nto ibalulekileyo ngokwemiqathango yokuqulunqa amaxwebhu eprojekti.

Elinye inyathelo isitshixo ukuqokelelwa kweenkcukacha olusisiseko - ukuze ufumane iimvume eziyimfuneko zolawulo, ukuba oko kukuthi, Kakade ke, kufuneka ngokusekelwe kwezi nkcukacha yeprojekthi ethile. Iprojekthi Amaxwebhu developer kufuneka uwazi ulwazi malunga neetyuwa ibekwe kummandla umsebenzi: lelifa olu lwazi kungachaphazela ukuyilwa kwezicwangciso ezinxulumene ne ukufumana nabo okanye nezinye iimvume.

Ejonge lo mbutho kungafuna nokuqhelana kunye data, leyo ibhalwe kwiirejista zikarhulumente - ezifana, ngokomzekelo, i OCG kunye iRejista State emanyeneyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuqhelana nabo iqonga elingaphambili, apho lowo wengcibi yokuluka imisela ukuba idatha yokuqupha uyilo kufuneka iqokelelwe kwi ukusebenza azibophelele kwimvumelwano ethile.

Umsebenzi elandelayo ebalulekileyo lowo wengcibi yokuluka - Ngokuququzelela indawo iqabane imisebenzi yokwakha, iindawo ekufuneka zibekwe izinto zakhiwe.

Enye nqanaba ebalulekileyo lombutho yomsebenzi - ukuqeqesha namacebo komhlaba ngokusekelwe kulwazi indawo, nto leyo iboniswa kwimephu cadastral.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uluhlu oluthile idatha engumthombo ziqokelelwe zisekelwe phezu neempawu yeshishini olunye, kunye nenkqubo lasungulwa usenokuba eninzi kujonge izinto.

ngoko cinga, bekuya kuba yintoni uluhlu wendlela idatha engumthombo asetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi zokwakha.

Uluhlu eqhelekileyo lwe data zokuqala kulwakhiwo: iinkcukacha amaxwebhu

data zokuqala zedizayini kwishishini lokwakha zinganikezelwa, kuqala kwiinto zonke, iinkcukacha zamaxwebhu isiseko sophuhliso kwamaxwebhu. Umzekelo:

- iinkqubo federal, yengingqi, kamasipala okanye yesebe;

- isenzo olumisiweyo osemthethweni kwisebe yesigqeba kwinqanaba federal okanye zommandla, lukamasipala;

- izigqibo esikhutshwe ngabalawuli benkampani-umakhi.

Ngethuba lawo, ibimele ukulungiselela njengoko idatha yoqobo, ekufuneka efunyenwe ukwenzela ukulungiselela amaxwebhu eprojekti ngqo.

idatha okokuqala ukulungiselela amaxwebhu eprojekti

Kule meko sithetha ukuyilwa le mithombo ilandelayo:

- imisebenzi ukuphunyezwa koyilo, ukuba amaxwebhu ilungisiwe ngenxa yesivumelwano;

- amaxwebhu accounting ngenxa yemisebenzi zobunjineli;

- amaxwebhu asemthethweni enxulumene into yokuba iiprojekthi zokwakha ezinkulu, xa kuza kuye;

- plan site ezidolophini, nto leyo inikwa ukwakha into yokwakha eyinkunzi - ezivunyiweyo nabhaliswe ngendlela emiselweyo;

- amaxwebhu anxulumene ukusetyenziswa komhlaba apho wolawulo imimiselo yocwangciso lwedolophu akakwazi kwandiswa;

- iimeko zobugcisa kumiselwa ngokungqinelana ne-Code loCwangciso lweDolophu ye-Russian Federation kunye nezinye izenzo emisiweyo;

- amaxwebhu ukuqinisekisa ukuvunywa derogations evela imithetho ebekwe phantsi iinkcukacha ;

- amaxwebhu ezinxaxhileyo kwemida lowu ukuba ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, ukuba kuyimfuneko ezisekelwe nkcukacha yeprojekthi ethile;

- izenzo ekhutshwe Umnini weziko, ukuba kukuyeka inkonzo, xa kufunwa isicwangciso yeprojekthi;

- isigqibo igunya kamasipala apho bekumele ukuba ukwayo ezifanelekileyo;

- ulwazi malunga nkcukacha injongo yomsebenzi into, isakhiwo zemveliso, ingakumbi iimveliso okanye iinkonzo - njengenxalenye yale projekthi isityalo mveliso;

- data malunga neemfuno into iintlobo ezahlukeneyo amafutha, igesi, amanzi, umbane;

- ulwazi malunga amandla yoyilo, nto leyo kuluphawu into, ukuba unenjongo yorhwebo;

- Ulwazi malunga neziza ukuba isetyenziswe ekuphunyezweni wokwakha;

- ulwazi ngezinto iindidi zomhlaba ziza kusetyenziselwa ukwakha;

- data kwi imali ekufuneka ithunyelwe abanini bomhlaba ukuze imbuyekezo ilahleko kunokwenzeka;

- Ulwazi malunga nokusetyenziswa ukuphunyezwa yeprojekthi lwezinto, iziphumo zophando ezahlukeneyo;

- ethethelela amandla ezikhoyo ukuphumeza le projekthi ngaphakathi sikhokelo izigaba ezahlukeneyo;

- ulwazi malunga iindleko ezicwangcisiweyo ukuba sizibandakanya langoku lwezibonelelo, ibekwe kwindawo wokwakha;

- Amalungiselelo izinto ezahlukeneyo ibiqikelelwe, inkcazelo imida easements, ukuba kuyimfuneko projekthi.

Olu luhlu lwe nkcazelo kakhulu umxhelo, kodwa engamelanga ithathwe njenge alupheli.

data baseline uyilo nako zincediswe ngabo equlethwe izinto, nezavunywa:

- Ekugqibeleni, isakhiwo umchiza ubume bamanzi aphantsi komhlaba, umhlaba, uyazikhomba ukungcola e kummandla yemisebenzi lokwakha;

- ulwazi kwimithombo ezikhoyo ibiqikelelwe ye projekthi yonikezelo lwamanzi, kwimimandla yokhuseleko amanzi, uxinzelelo kwi-network yonikezelo lwamanzi, umgangatho wamanzi, iinkqubo nelindle;

- substantiation neyokubekwa neendlela zokufudumeza lwezibonelelo;

- on yombhobho data, kubekho ukugwetyelwa indlela uqhagamshelwano ngezinto ezahlukeneyo izibonelelo projekthi, iinkqubo zolawulo ikheshi, ukhuseleko, uthungelwano lonxibelelwano, umabonakude;

- data malunga uyilo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kweemvume kunye nemida kwisibaso;

- ebhaliweyo echaza isizathu ukuyilwa iindlela imibhobho, kwakunye nemida kwindawo ekhuselweyo.

data zokuqala kwi nezisombululo zeteknoloji

Kukho nezinye iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo ngokunxulumene yokuba imfuneko yale projekthi. Umzekelo, i-data yasekuqaleni kungenziwa neyongezelelwe ingcaciso efanelekileyo nezisombululo zeteknoloji ngaphakathi sikhokelo le projekthi. ezizezi:

- ukubonakalisa iinkcukacha kwinkqubo yemveliso, uphawu yeemfuno kubuxhakaxhaka bokuvelisa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kokusebenza kweshishini, ulwazi malunga izibonelelo ezingundoqo ezisetyenziselwa iimfuno lweshishini;

- kubandakanywa imithombo yobonelelo iimpawu Elucweyweni izinto ekrwada, ukuba zenziwa ukwakha izibonelelo industrial kwi-sikhokelo le projekthi;

- equlethe inkcazelo iimfuno ezahlukeneyo parameters ngeemveliso, kwakhona, xa kufikwa kwizibonelelo imveliso;

- Ibandakanya inkxaso kwezalathisi kunye neempawu kuphunyezwa kwiinkqubo inkampani;

- zibonisa inkcazo iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo abangabancedani, ezothutho, kwakunye ezahlukahlukeneyo iindlela.

Zeziphi ezinye iinketho kufuneka icaciswe namaxwebhu? Ukuqokelelwa kwedatha olusisiseko uyilo nako kuthwalelwa phandle ukwakha umthombo, ebonisa ulwazi imibutho ababandakanyekayo bezomthetho.

data zokuqala kwi-nxaxheba yobudlelwane zomthetho

Ngoko ke, ngokubhekisele amaxwebhu afanelekileyo, ngoko ke kufuneka kubonise:

- inkcazo unokontraka ngokubanzi, kwakunye phambi ubuchwepheshe kwakhe, imithombo yabantu;

- on ukuyenza ezikhoyo zobugcisa lombutho;

- iimeko zobugcisa loqhakamshelwano izinto nothungelwano zobunjineli ezahlukeneyo, izibonelelo zonxibelelwano, ukufumaneka iindlela ngaphakathi kwindawo yokwakha;

- inkcazo iindawo iimfuno ezahlukeneyo uzobe olwenziwe ngocoselelo kwimveliso.

Olunye uhlobo amaxwebhu apho idatha yoqobo kungafuneka, - ngabo lwayamene uqikelelo yokwakha.

data zokuqala ukuba iindleko zokwakha

Idatha ukuqala uyilo isakhiwo ezinxulumene imithombo yedatha ukuze ziquka:

- izinto ezisisiseko eziyimfuneko ukuze kwakhiwe uqikelelo, umzekelo, zethutyana, ubusika kucetyiwe kwaye phezulu;

- scheme lokuhanjiswa ezahlukeneyo izinto ukuya kwindawo yokwakha.

Ulungiselelo lwe data ye uyilo ingaqhuba iye phandle kwezinye iindawo hayi ezinxulumene ngqo zokwakha. Ngokomzekelo, xa machining. Cinga ngendlela yokufaka idatha uyilo nkqubo yenziwe ukuxazulula iingxaki kule ndawo.

data baseline machining

ulwazi ebheka irekhodwa ngokufuthi maxwebhu engundoqo ilandelayo:

- imizobo, iinkcukacha, ebonisa ingakumbi ukukhululwa kunye nokwamkelwa imveliso;

- imizobo, abonisa ungenanto lokuqala ezifanelekileyo ukuze machining;

- imisebenzi lemveliso kukhupho lwemveliso, nabanako esisigxina mali kunye nexesha nokukhululwa kwempahla.

Xa ukulungiselela amaxwebhu afanelekileyo ze iqumrhu elisemthethweni uya kuthabatha ingqalelo, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ingakumbi intlangano kwimveliso.

Ngenxa yoko, ukuqokelelwa kweenkcukacha lokwaNdlalela uyilo kusenokubandakanya ingqalelo iimpawu izixhobo mveliso, izinga lokhuseleko lombutho kunye kuyimfuneko izixhobo, iindlela, izakhelo. iingcali Employment benza ukulungiselela izixhobo kufuneka kusekelwe phezu amagatya mimiselo, iincwadi, iincwadi ezahlukeneyo, zokuhlelwa, imilinganiselo enxulumene nemveliso, apho inkampani esebenza.

data baseline Industry-ngqo

Kukho kwakhona neshishini-ngqo ukubunjwa data ekuqaleni. Ntoni na?

Kuqala kwinto zonke, imfuneko silandele izithethe imimiselo ezahlukeneyo zamacandelo. Umzekelo, kukho igatya data uyilo lokuqala evunywe yi nguSekela Mphathiswa Industry of the Russian Federation 30.01.2002 ngonyaka. Lo mthombo mthetho ulawula ngendlela apho idatha yoqobo kufuneka abunjwe ukuze kuyilwe imveliso, nto leyo eyenziwa ngamashishini kwishishini kwemichiza ngayo.

Kulo mzekelo, kolawulo lo mmiselo usebenza kuwo onke amashishini, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo oluthile bombutho ngokusemthethweni ishishini. Ukuma data umthombo uyilo ezivunyiweyo kushishino kwemichiza le, umisela indlela ekwakhiweni ukuba uzimisele, inkqubo zophuhliso, ubhaliso, inkqubo imvume, kwakunye nemvume ingcaciso efanelekileyo.

Formation idatha lokuqala ezilawulayo

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ummiselo yamacandelo - Regulation kwi data lokuqala - ibandakanya imigaqo ngokwendlela apho uphuhliso amaxwebhu ingcali ofanelekileyo kufuneka bakhokelwe kwakhona yimiqathango yeMimiselo Federal. Ngokomzekelo, ezifana uMthetho Federal № 116-FZ, esamkelwa kwi 21.07.1997 nyaka, olawula ukhuseleko mveliso.

Development of data baseline, amaxwebhu zoyilo ziya kubonisa ulwazi olufunekayo bokuphunyezwa kwezi projekthi kufuneka lusekelwe, ke ngoko, ngomhla amalungiselelo imimiselo ukuba ukuthathwa kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Kakade ke, ukubala kungathathelwa nje kuphela kwinqanaba imithombo olumisiweyo kwemithetho yase okanye imimiselo yesebe, kodwa izithethe zendawo kubonisiwe kumaxwebhu intra-olawulo.