Ababedume

Wokwakha iye ukuba sekuyiminyaka emininzi inkokeli kwindawo lokwakha yaye isetyenziswe kule nto. iimpawu ezininzi ezintle ngezitena intabalala zonke iintlobo ukupakisha akungebi kuphela ukomeleza nokwenza izakhiwo ukhululeke ngakumbi kokubini uhlobo zokuhlala zoluntu, kodwa ukuphucula nomlilo wabo ukumelana iimpawu ukufuma, manzi, ukumelana nobushushu-zokwambathisa ezibonakalisa ukusetyenziswa-elide emi izakhiwo ezinjalo. Kwaye ukuba kwenzeka ukuba nkulu ubomi kwizakhiwo nezakhiwo ngezitena ngenxa ingenwe ukuze anokungenwa, izinambuzane baboniswa (oku wamatye iindonga kwahluke Ukusetyenziswa kweenkuni) kunye ukuxhathisa iimpawu zemozulu ye kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo.

Inkqubo ngokubekwa kunokuba kwaye kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, apho lisetyenziswa, ngoko ukwakha kufuna master ngesandla. Kuphela umntu uqeqesho kunye namava luya kuba nako ukuchonga inkqubo ukhetho tubal ilungileyo, ukukhethwa eyimfuneko kulo mzekelo, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo, iinkqubo ezinqwenelekayo Ubeko wamatye. Konke oku ndawonye kwaye luchaphazela umgangatho isiphumo. Cinga ngakumbi iindlela kunye namacebo ngezitena wamatye kunye nezinye izakhiwo.

Tools.

Amaziko aquka imisebenzi zokusebenza, nganye efuna ukusetyenziswa isixhobo esithile. izixhobo ezinjalo ihlaba multiple - ngenkcenkce, olumpuluswa, ihamile-Pick, inqanaba isakhiwo, shvabrovka, jointing njengodaka nefolokhwe.

Xa sisebenza kunye nesisombululo nesimbo - ilungelelanise, grouting kunye nokucoca ubunzima agqithisile isicombululo. Wokumisa aguqulelwe ekuhloleni ulungelelwaniso kunye nendawo nkqo beendonga, Ekungeneni eludongeni, iintsika kwikona nomsebenzi wamatye. Hammer-Pick-izembe esetyenziswa ekugawuleni yezitena. inqanaba Building zibonisa kwentswelo ekubekeni izakhiwo abathe nkqo nabathe tye. Shvabrovka wayefuna smoothing welds kunye ugcwalisa isisombululo kunye nokucoca umoya imibhobho le beentanda eyongeziweyo sivete ukusuka isisombululo ngokobunzima. Grouting isetyenziselwa ukuze ndinabele khaxa beentanda okanye iimilo phakathi.

iindlela amaziko.

Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili isitena ekwakheni - step, poryadny exutyiweyo.

Xa enze inkqubo stepwise ubeko bonder iikhilomitha imiqolo yokuqala kunye neekhilomitha lokukhwelisa lwangaphandle, ukuqalela kumqolo wesibini kunye nesiphelo wesithandathu. Le ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi lokubopha multilane, ukuphakama ubuninzi ekufikelelwe kulandelelwano - imikrozo ezintandathu.

indlela Poryadny yinto elula, kodwa kuthatha ixesha elininzi emsebenzini, kuba zisekelwe kuthotho lwe alternating wamatye pilings iikhilomitha kunye zabutok kumqolo wangaphambili. Poryadny indlela ngokubekwa usetyenziswe kwinkqubo bandaging-kumqolo omnye.

indlela Ukuxuba njengoko inyathelo, asetyenziswa tubal multilane. Ngaloo ndlela poryadny isetyenziswa ekwakhiweni yokuqala esixhenxe - imikrozo ezilishumi, uze zinokudluliselwa ngendlela stepwise ngokubekwa.

Ngexesha ukwakhiwa kweentsika, amaqula, izahlulelo, iindonga kunye yayigcinwa, iingcango okanye imijelo yenye yeendlela eziphambili zokwakha wazo - izitena. Isniphu (imithetho nemigangatho ukuveliswa umbandela, ngokunjalo isicelo wabo umsebenzi) uchaza kunye nenani iimeko engqongqo ezijolise ekwandiseni umgangatho kwizixhobo ezakhiweyo - Ebubanzini wamatye, le nokumelana bokwakha, njl Kungenxa yoko le nto xa kwavela imfuneko ilungileyo ukusebenzisa iinkonzo lamagcisa amanqindi, kuthathelwa ingqalelo izithethe zemigangatho yombuso, aze athathe yonke kobuxhakaxhaka ukwakha phezu ngokwayo.